稀土在我国化肥催化剂中的应用

添加稀土氧化物的转化催化剂和甲烷化催化剂是我国化肥催化剂的特色。文中概述了稀土在烃类水蒸气转化催化剂、甲烷化催化剂、中变催化剂、宽变催化剂、氨合成催化剂、二氧化硫氧化催化剂、氨氧化制硝酸催化剂及甲醇催化剂等方面的应用。     

工业催化剂的研制与开发——我的实践与探索

第二章 催化剂工厂建设(略) 第三章 炼油催化剂新品种开发与工厂技术改造 第一节 引言 1965年我国第一批石油炼制催化剂制造工厂全部建成,主要炼油催化剂的生产已立足于国内。但60年代国外石油炼制催化剂又有了突出进展,特别是催化裂化催化剂和催化重整催化剂均有技术突破。催化裂化催化剂由无定形硅铝催化剂发展到稀土分子筛催化剂,催化重整催化剂由单金属铂催化剂发展到铂铼双金属催化剂。加氢催化剂的组分、浸渍液等也有不少     

加氢反应催化剂的改进

正本发明涉及到催化剂,制造催化剂的过程以及应用此类催化剂的化学工艺。该催化剂优先用于转化醋酸和醋酸乙酯成乙醇。催化剂包括挤出的改性和一种贵金属。制造催化剂的过程包括改进催化剂,挤出催化剂,以及将贵金属浸渍在催化剂上。     

液相催化调聚合成卤代烃的催化剂研究进展

综述了卤代烷与烯烃调聚合成卤代烃的催化剂体系，包括铜催化剂、铁催化剂、镍催化剂和复合金属催化剂等无载体型催化剂和负载型催化剂。     

线性低密度聚乙烯催化剂研究进展

综述了各种LLDPE催化剂的国内外发展状况，包括铬系催化剂、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂、茂金属催化剂、非茂金属催化剂、后过渡金属催化剂和复合催化剂等。     

合成间同立构PS用单中心催化剂的研究进展

综述了茂金属催化剂和非茂钛催化剂合成间同立构聚苯乙烯的研究进展,其中,茂金属催化剂主要包括茂钛催化剂、单茂钛催化剂、茚钛催化剂、双核金属催化剂及负载型催化剂等。今后的研究重点是负载型茂金属催化剂和非茂钛催化剂,单中心催化剂将对合成间同立构聚苯乙烯的工业化发展发挥重要的作用。     

直链烯烃骨架异构化催化剂的研究进展

文章概述了烯烃骨架异构化催化剂,包括卤化物催化剂、氧化物催化剂和分子筛催化剂。与卤化物催化剂和氧化物催化剂相比,分子筛催化剂表现出了优异的直链烯烃骨架异构化性能。     

甲醇合成催化剂的国内外研究状况与发展趋势

本文系统介绍了甲醇合成催化剂的种类,总结了甲醇合成催化剂的最新进展与研究成果,并展望了甲醇合成催化剂的发展趋势。甲醇合成催化剂主要分为铜基催化剂和非铜基催化剂,铜基催化剂主要有工业化应用最广泛的铜锌铝三元催化剂和含锆催化剂以及加入其他元素的铜基多元催化剂,各类铜基催化剂的活性、选择性及寿命各有特性。此外,本文还介绍了非铜基甲醇合成催化剂、低温液相铜基催化剂及催化剂中金属铜作为活性中心的一些新发现。     

分阶段加料熔融法制备Fe_(1-x)O基氨合成催化剂的研究

采用熔融法制备Fe_(1-x)O基氨合成催化剂,根据氧化物助催化剂的熔点、晶型和酸碱性等性质,考察了催化剂制备过程中助催化剂按顺序分阶段加料的方式对催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,助催化剂的添加顺序对催化剂氨合成活性有一定的影响;助催化剂按其酸碱性顺序加入对催化剂氨合成活性有一定的影响,其中先加碱性助催化剂制备的催化剂的耐热稳定性高于其他方法制备的催化剂;助催化剂钒和钨以其钙盐形式引入比以钾盐形式引入所得催化剂的耐热活性高。     

葡萄糖加氢催化剂研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了葡萄糖加氢生产山梨醇用催化剂的国内外研究和发展现状;分析了各类催化剂的葡萄糖催化加氢性能和使用条件,指出了各类催化剂的优缺点;提出了催化剂的发展趋势是由Raney镍催化剂向改性多元Raney镍催化剂发展,由多元改性Raney镍催化剂向负载型贵金属催化剂发展,由晶态催化剂向非晶态催化剂发展。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。