基于密钥分发和密文抽样的云数据确定性删除方案

针对云数据过期后不及时删除容易导致非授权访问和隐私泄露等问题,结合加密算法和分布式哈希表（DHT）网络,提出一种基于密钥分发和密文抽样的云数据确定性删除方案。首先加密明文,再随机抽样密文,将抽样后的不完整密文上传到云端;然后评估DHT网络中各节点的信任值,使用秘密共享算法处理密钥,并将子密钥分发到信任值高的节点上;最后,密钥通过DHT网络的周期性自更新功能实现自动删除,通过调用Hadoop分布式文件系统（HDFS）的接口上传随机数据覆写密文,实现密文的完全删除。通过删除密钥和云端密文实现云数据的确定性删除。安全性分析和性能分析表明所提方案是安全和高效的。     

基于梯度采样的大数据交叉访问授权技术仿真

如何对数据进行授权管理,确保数据的机密性等至关重要。为此提出了一种基于梯度采样的大数据交叉访问授权方法。采用多项式变换技术,将数据转换为可直接使用双率数据进行采样的数学模型,推导出估计损失数据的梯度随机算法,并且在算法中加入遗忘因子实现数据的梯度采样。用户在进行数据访问前需要进行初始数据加密,然后在将其转交至重加密服务器进行处理。同时,进行代理重加密密钥的约束,分割重加密密钥,其中一部分交由云端代理重加密服务器进行处理,另一部分则为创建者所控制,实现大数据的交叉访问授权。仿真结果表明,所提方法相比传统方法性能有了一定程度的提高。     

外包数据库的安全访问控制机制

通过对外包数据库双层加密方案的分析,指出存在授权用户可以将资源访问授权给其他非授权用户的安全缺陷,为此,提出一个改进的安全外包数据访问控制方案。该方案利用二元一次函数诱导产生加密密钥。为适应访问控制策略动态变化,防止非授权用户访问资源,通过双重加密实现授权访问动态变化。分析结果表明,改进方案能够克服外包数据库双层加密方案的安全缺陷,可实现策略动态更新,是一个安全高效的访问控制方案。     

基于边缘计算的多授权属性加密方案

传统云存储下属性加密通常在云端与用户直接交流,并且由单一授权机构处理密钥与数据信息,为此提出一种应用在边缘环境下的多授权属性加密方案。方案中的访问矩阵由线性秘密共享构建,将边缘平台作为中间节点,用椭圆曲线密码体制下的简单标量乘法替代属性加密中的双线性计算,通过多授权中心分摊属性管理,直接减少单个授权机构的密钥托管与局部失控问题。理论功能分析与实验结果表明,该方案在可行性与安全性上均优于传统同类算法,有效降低了用户在访问控制中的计算开销。     

可信云存储环境下支持访问控制的密钥管理

可信云存储采用本地数据加解密来保证用户外包数据在网络传输和云端存储的安全性.该环境下数据拥有者通过对数据密钥的安全共享和管理来实现对不同用户的选择性数据访问授权控制.针对多数据拥有者可信云存储环境,以最小化用户的密钥安全传输/存储等密钥管理代价及其安全风险为目标,提出了一种新的基于全局逻辑层次图(global logical hierarchical graph,GLHG)的密钥推导机制的密钥管理方法.该方法通过GLHG密钥推导图来安全、等价地实施全局用户的数据访问授权策略,同时利用云服务提供商(半可信第三方)来执行GLHG密钥推导图结构的管理并引入代理重加密技术,从而进一步提高密钥管理执行效率.阐述了基于GLHG密钥推导图更新的动态访问控制支持策略,并对该方法进行安全性分析和实验对比分析.     

基于身份多条件代理重加密的文件分级访问控制方案

针对传统文件共享方案存在文件易泄露、文件去向难以控制、访问控制复杂等问题,以及云端文件分级分类管理及共享的应用需求,提出了一种基于身份多条件代理重加密的文件分级访问控制方案。首先,将文件的权限等级作为密文生成条件,并引入可信分级管理单元确定并管理用户等级;然后,生成用户分级访问权限重加密密钥,解决了基于身份的条件代理重加密方案只能限制代理服务器的重加密行为而对用户权限限制不足的问题;同时,减轻了用户端的负担,即用户只需进行加解密操作。不同方案的对比分析结果表明,所提方案与现有访问控制方案相比有明显优势,无需用户直接参与即可完成用户访问权限的更新,并且具有上传者匿名的特点。     

云存储中基于代理重加密的CP-ABE访问控制方案

针对云存储中基于密文策略的属性加密（CP-ABE）访问控制方案存在用户解密开销较大的问题,提出了一种基于代理重加密的CP-ABE （CP-ABE-BPRE）方案,并对密钥的生成方法进行了改进。此方案包含五个组成部分,分别是可信任密钥授权、数据属主、云服务提供商、代理解密服务器和数据访问者,其中云服务器对数据进行重加密,代理解密服务器完成大部分的解密计算。方案能够有效地降低用户的解密开销,在保证数据细粒度访问控制的同时还支持用户属性的直接撤销,并解决了传统CP-ABE方案中因用户私钥被非法盗取带来的数据泄露问题。与其他CP-ABE方案比较,此方案对访问云数据的用户在解密性能方面具有较好的优势。     

云计算环境下基于属性的撤销方案

针对云环境下密文策略属性基加密共享数据的访问权限撤销问题,提出了基于属性的撤销方案。方案中可信第三方从带有全局标识的用户属性集中查找满足密文访问结构的属性集,为该交集中的每个属性生成带有相同全局标识的密钥组件,通过组合密钥组件生成用户私钥。当发生撤销时,更新撤销用户属性的密钥组件并分发给拥有该属性的其他用户,同时生成对应的重加密密钥来对密文重加密。安全性分析和实验表明,本方案是选择明文攻击安全的,能有效实现属性的即时撤销,解决多授权结构密钥分发的同步问题。采用hash函数可使密文长度达到常数级,进一步减少资源开销,满足实际云环境中属性安全撤销的应用需求。     

一种高效细粒度云存储访问控制方案

分析Hur等提出的数据外包系统中属性基访问控制方案,指出其存在前向保密性安全漏洞、更新属性群密钥效率低和系统存储量大等缺陷,并基于Hur等方案,提出一种新的高效细粒度云存储访问控制方案.新方案由完全可信机构而非云服务器生成属性群密钥,解决前向保密性问题.采用中国剩余定理实现用户属性撤销,将KEK树上覆盖属性群用户最小子树的求解转变为中国剩余定理同余方程组的求解,提高群密钥更新效率.采用密文策略的属性基加密方法加密用于加密明文的对称密钥而非明文本身,将访问控制策略变更的重加密过程转移到云端,实现属性级和用户级的权限撤销.分析表明,新方案具有更强的安全性,更高的群密钥更新效率和更小的存储量与计算量.     

云存储中基于MA-ABE的访问控制方案

针对云存储中跨域数据访问控制的安全性和有效性问题,提出了一种基于MA-ABE的高效的、细粒度的访问控制方案。新方案通过使用密钥分割技术和代理重加密技术,在权限撤销时保证用户密钥的安全性,并将大部分密文重加密工作转移到云端,以降低数据属主的计算代价。利用数据属主和授权机构分别产生和分发属性私钥组件,将用户全球唯一标识(GID)和用户私钥相分离,避免了授权机构间的联合攻击,有效地保护了用户身份信息。最后,通过理论分析表明了新方案的安全性,并实验验证了该方案在权限撤销时的高效性。     

云环境下的基于属性和重加密的密钥管理

在云计算环境中如何安全地存储数据是云计算面临的挑战之一。加密是解决云计算中数据存储安全问题最主要的方法,而加密的一个保密性问题是密钥管理。提出了云环境下的基于属性和重加密的密钥管理方案。云服务提供商对不同用户进行重加密时,可以一次为一组用户重加密,从而减少了重加密的个数。数据拥有者可以对组用户生成和发送重加密密钥,而数据请求者可以使用属性集对应的一个密钥解密多个数据拥有者的数据,从而能减少两者的密钥发送量,降低密钥管理的难度,提高方案的效率。最后,对方案的安全性和性能进行了分析     

基于属性代理重加密技术与可容错机制相结合的数据检索方案

针对云服务器上用户信息的隐私问题,提出一种基于属性代理重加密技术与容错机制相结合的方案。该方案将用户存储的数据分为文件和文件的安全索引,将其分别进行加密后存储在不同的云服务器上。首先,利用倒排序结构构造文件的安全索引,并使用模糊提取器对关键字进行预处理,用户可以通过该安全索引进行容错的多关键字搜索;其次,设置访问控制树对解密密钥重加密,实现权限管理,即实现数据在云端的有效共享;最后,通过Complex Triple Diffle-Hellman难题证明该方案生成的系统主密钥是安全的,因此该方案在云环境下也是安全的。与已有的方案的对比分析表明,该方案可减少密钥重加密、解密 等的计算量,同时通过加入容错处理机制提高了数据检索的效率。     

A Cloud-Manager-Based Re-Encryption Scheme for Mobile Users in Cloud Environment: a Hybrid Approach

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm that offers on-demand, flexible, and elastic computational and storage services for the end-users. The small and medium-sized business organization having limited budget can enjoy the scalable services of the cloud. However, the migration of the organizational data on the cloud raises security and privacy issues. To keep the data confidential, the data should be encrypted using such cryptography method that provides fine-grained and efficient access for uploaded data without affecting the scalability of the system. In mobile cloud computing environment, the selected scheme should be computationally secure and must have capability for offloading computational intensive security operations on the cloud in a trusted mode due to the resource constraint mobile devices. The existing manager-based re-encryption and cloud-based re-encryption schemes are computationally secured and capable to offload the computationally intensive data access operations on the trusted entity/cloud. Despite the offloading of the data access operations in manager-based re-encryption and cloud-based re-encryption schemes, the mobile user still performs computationally intensive paring-based encryption and decryption operations using limited capabilities of mobile device. In this paper, we proposed Cloud-Manager-based Re-encryption Scheme (CMReS) that combines the characteristics of manager-based re-encryption and cloud-based re-encryption for providing the better security services with minimum processing burden on the mobile device. The experimental results indicate that the proposed cloud-manager-based re-encryption scheme shows significant improvement in turnaround time, energy consumption, and resources utilization on the mobile device as compared to existing re-encryption schemes.     

Incremental proxy re-encryption scheme for mobile cloud computing environment

Due to the limited computational capability of mobile devices, the research organization and academia are working on computationally secure schemes that have capability for offloading the computational intensive data access operations on the cloud/trusted entity for execution. Most of the existing security schemes, such as proxy re-encryption, manager-based re-encryption, and cloud-based re-encryption, are based on El-Gamal cryptosystem for offloading the computational intensive data access operation on the cloud/trusted entity. However, the resource hungry pairing-based cryptographic operations, such as encryption and decryption, are executed using the limited computational power of mobile device. Similarly, if the data owner wants to modify the encrypted file uploaded on the cloud storage, after modification the data owner must encrypt and upload the entire file on the cloud storage without considering the altered portion(s) of the file. In this paper, we have proposed an incremental version of proxy re-encryption scheme for improving the file modification operation and compared with the original version of the proxy re-encryption scheme on the basis of turnaround time, energy consumption, CPU utilization, and memory consumption while executing the security operations on mobile device. The incremental version of proxy re-encryption scheme shows significant improvement in results while performing file modification operations using limited processing capability of mobile devices.     

A pairing-free certificate-based proxy re-encryption scheme for secure data sharing in public clouds

To assure the confidentiality of the sensitive data stored in public cloud storages, the data owners should encrypt their data before submitting them to the clouds. However, it brings new challenge for us to effectively share the encrypted data in the public clouds. The paradigm of proxy re-encryption provides a promising solution to data sharing as it enables a data owner to delegate the decryption rights of the encrypted data to the authorized recipients without any direct interaction. Certificate-based proxy re-encryption is a new cryptographic primitive to effectively support the data confidentiality in public cloud storages, which enjoys the advantages of certificate-based encryption while providing the functionalities of proxy re-encryption. In this paper, we propose a certificate-based proxy re-encryption scheme without bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme is proven secure under the computational Diffie-Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. Due to avoiding the time-consuming bilinear pairing operations, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the computation cost. Compared to the previous certificate-based proxy re-encryption schemes with bilinear pairings, it enjoys obvious advantage in the computation efficiency, and thus is more suitable for the computation-limited or power-constrained devices.     

Hierarchical attribute-based encryption and scalable user revocation for sharing data in cloud servers

With rapid development of cloud computing, more and more enterprises will outsource their sensitive data for sharing in a cloud. To keep the shared data confidential against untrusted cloud service providers (CSPs), a natural way is to store only the encrypted data in a cloud. The key problems of this approach include establishing access control for the encrypted data, and revoking the access rights from users when they are no longer authorized to access the encrypted data. This paper aims to solve both problems. First, we propose a hierarchical attribute-based encryption scheme (HABE) by combining a hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) system and a ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) system, so as to provide not only fine-grained access control, but also full delegation and high performance. Then, we propose a scalable revocation scheme by applying proxy re-encryption (PRE) and lazy re-encryption (LRE) to the HABE scheme, so as to efficiently revoke access rights from users.     

基于代理重加密的电子病历数据共享方案

现有的电子病历大部分只能在医生与患者之间实现数据共享,数据用户难以访问患者的电子病历。针对该问题,提出一种利用代理重加密的电子病历数据共享方案。患者通过搜索陷门得到加密电子病历,数据用户要获取其电子病历,可请求患者和云服务器进行交互,云服务器生成重加密密钥,并对电子病历密文进行代理重加密,经患者授权后将重加密密文发送给数据用户,数据用户用其私钥解密密文,最终获取电子病历数据。基于随机预言机模型的实验结果表明,该方案在改进双线性Diffie-Hellman假设和q决策双线性Diffie-Hellman逆转假设下,均可实现关键字隐私安全和消息隐私安全。     

A secure and efficient Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Proxy Re-Encryption for cloud data sharing

Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) is a useful cryptographic primitive that allows a data owner to delegate the access rights of the encrypted data stored on a cloud storage system to others without leaking the information of the data to the honest-but-curious cloud server. It provides effectiveness for data sharing as the data owner even using limited resource devices (e.g. mobile devices) can offload most of the computational operations to the cloud. Since its introduction many variants of PRE have been proposed. A Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Proxy Re-Encryption (CP-ABPRE), which is regarded as a general notion for PRE, employs the PRE technology in the attribute-based encryption cryptographic setting such that the proxy is allowed to convert an encryption under an access policy to another encryption under a new access policy. CP-ABPRE is applicable to many network applications, such as network data sharing. The existing CP-ABPRE systems, however, leave how to achieve adaptive CCA security as an interesting open problem. This paper, for the first time, proposes a new CP-ABPRE to tackle the problem by integrating the dual system encryption technology with selective proof technique. Although the new scheme supporting any monotonic access structures is built in the composite order bilinear group, it is proven adaptively CCA secure in the standard model without jeopardizing the expressiveness of access policy. We further make an improvement for the scheme to achieve more efficiency in the re-encryption key generation and re-encryption phases.     

EFADS: Efficient,flexible and anonymous data sharing protocol for cloud computing with proxy re-encryption

The concept of cloud computing has emerged as the next generation of computing infrastructure to reduce the costs associated with the management of hardware and software resources. It is vital to its success that cloud computing is featured efficient, flexible and secure characteristics. In this paper, we propose an efficient and anonymous data sharing protocol with flexible sharing style, named EFADS, for outsourcing data onto the cloud. Through formal security analysis, we demonstrate that EFADS provides data confidentiality and data sharer's anonymity without requiring any fully-trusted party. From experimental results, we show that EFADS is more efficient than existing competing approaches. Furthermore, the proxy re-encryption scheme we propose in this paper may be independent of interests, i.e., compared to those previously reported proxy re-encryption schemes, the proposed scheme is the first pairing-free, anonymous and unidirectional proxy re-encryption scheme in the standard model.     

一种适合云数据共享的身份代理重加密方案

目前云数据安全存储方案中,数据拥有者加密数据上传到云中,但却不能很好的支持加密数据分享,尤其是分享给多个用户时,可扩展性不强。针对这个问题本文提出一种基于身份的代理重加密方案,该方案不需要云完全可信但却又能灵活地进行数据安全共享。在具体构造上,结合基于身份的加密,用一个强不可伪造的一次签名方案使被转化后的密文具有公开验证性,且能达到被转化后的密文在标准模型下具有选择密文安全性。由于该类方案无需使用公钥证书、能支持细粒度的访问控制且可扩展性较好,因此可以较好的适用于安全云数据共享。