钢丝绳涂覆PE–HD及其复合材料聚集态结构研究

将高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)、低密度聚乙烯(PE–LD)、聚乙烯–辛烯共聚弹性体(POE)经双螺杆挤出机制成不同比例的PE–HD/PE–LD材料。采用差示扫描量热(DSC)仪和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析了不同厚度下PE–HD及其PE–HD/PE–LD复合材料的聚集态结构。DSC实验表明复合材料相容性良好且形成了共晶,XRD结果则显示材料的拉伸强度与其结晶度和晶粒尺寸都有关。     

PE–HD/改性剑麻纤维复合材料的制备及性能

以高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)为基体材料,剑麻纤维(SF)为增强填充材料,利用不同的偶联剂(硅烷偶联剂,钛酸酯偶联剂)改性SF,用熔融共混法制备一系列PE–HD/SF复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、维卡软化仪及万能试验机等测试了复合材料的微观形貌、结晶性能、热及力学性能。结果表明,偶联剂改性的SF与PE–HD有着较好的界面结合,SF的添加使得PE–HD的结晶度下降,热变形温度提高;与未改性的SF相比,当硅烷偶联剂改性SF添加量为10%时,PE–HD基复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度明显提高。     

DCP对动态硫化阻燃PE–HD/EPDM性能的影响

将过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)添加到碱式碳酸镁阻燃高密度聚乙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(PE–HD/EPDM)体系中,采用动态硫化法制备了阻燃PE–HD/EPDM材料。利用热重–差示扫描量热法分析了阻燃PE–HD/EPDM的热稳定性,扫描电子显微镜观察了阻燃PE–HD/EPDM的微观形貌,研究了DCP含量对阻燃PE–HD/EPDM性能的影响。结果表明,DCP的质量分数为1.0%时,阻燃PE–HD/EPDM材料的拉伸强度为9.7 MPa,断裂伸长率为1.2%,缺口冲击强度为39.5 kJ/m2,极限氧指数为30.8%;加入DCP后,PE–HD/EPDM材料的吸热峰有所滞后、燃烧炭层更为致密。     

OMMT对PE–HD/CB导电复合材料电性能的影响

以炭黑(CB)为导电填料,高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)为基体,有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为有机粒子,通过熔融共混法分别制备了PE–HD/CB与PE–HD/CB/OMMT导电复合材料,并研究了OMMT的加入对导电复合材料中CB分布的均一性及材料电性能的影响。研究发现,适当OMMT的加入可以改善CB在导电复合材料中的分布状态,在保持电性能的基础上降低导电复合材料的渗流阈值;当OMMT质量分数为3%时,PE–HD/CB/OMMT导电复合材料的渗流阈值为3.7%,与未添加OMMT的PE–HD/CB导电复合材料渗流阈值4.0%相比有所降低。在此基础上,选取PE–HD/CB导电复合材料(CB质量分数为5%)并测定其PTC强度为0.26;后加入质量分数为3%的OMMT,测得PE–HD/CB/OMMT导电复合材料(CB质量分数为5%)的PTC强度为0.79,后者有所提高。     

酚酞基聚芳醚砜和聚乙烯的共混研究

以聚乙烯接枝聚乙二醇(PE—g—PEO)为增容剂并用于酚酞基聚芳醚砜(PES—C)与聚乙烯(PE)共混体系。用力学性能测定等方法研究了增容剂用量、PEO加入量对PES—C与PE共混物拉伸强度的影响。结果表明.一定量的增容剂可以改善:PES—C与PE的相容性并提高PE的拉伸强度;同时.加入少量聚乙二醇(PEO).可以通过改善PES—C的加工熔融性,提高PES—C和PE的相容性,从而改善共混物的力学性能。     

PP／PE-HD共混体系在压力振动注射成型中的形态与性能研究

探讨了采用自行研制的压力振动注射成型装置对加工聚丙烯（PP）/高密度聚乙烯（PE—H19）共混物的影响。结果表明：两相相容性得到一定改善，试样的力学性能得到了大幅度的提高，其中PP／PE—HD（60／40）组分的冲击强度相对于普通注射提高了约294％。示差扫描量热测试表明振动注射会使PP和PE—HD具有部分的相容性，且样品结晶度比常规注射的高。广角X射线衍射分析表明振动注射成型有利于y晶的生成，从而试样的模量及强度得到提高。扫描电镜测试表明采用振动注射成型后，PE—HD分散相的尺寸明显变小而且分布更加均匀，实现了两组分之间的微区分离。     

尼龙6改性超高分子量聚乙烯

采用挤出成型工艺制备了尼龙6(PA6)改性超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)共混材料。研究了PA6含量对PE–UHMW/PA6共混材料热性能及力学性能的影响。研究表明,PA6质量分数为30%时维卡软化温度达到145.9℃,较纯PE-UHMW提高了14℃,邵氏硬度达到69,较纯PE-UHMW提高了15%;共混材料的缺口冲击强度随PA6质量分数的增加而降低,在PA6含量不变的条件下,添加适量的增容剂能够改善共混材料的缺口冲击强度。同时结合DSC测试共混材料中PE–UHMW的结晶度与对共混材料的微观形貌扫描观察,进行了PE–UHMW与PA6的作用机理分析。     

PP–R管材专用料抗低温性能的研究

通过在无规共聚聚丙烯(PP–R)中添加不同的改性剂制备PP–R管材专用料。采用差示扫描量热分析、动态力学分析、扫描电子显微镜等技术,分析了不同改性剂对无规共聚聚丙烯(PP–R)管材专用料抗低温性能的影响规律。结果表明,在–10~0℃低温条件下,与未改性的PP–R材料比较,PP–R/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)共混料的低温冲击韧性最理想,其综合力学性能最好,0℃的冲击强度为58.35 k J/m2,–10℃的冲击强度也高达47.06 k J/m2。POE/PE–HD在不降低PP–R管材专用料其它力学性能的基础上,显著地提高了PP–R管材专用料低温冲击韧性。     

玄武岩纤维增强高密度聚乙烯的力学性能

玄武岩纤维(BF)未经改性处理和经硅烷偶联剂(KH–550和KH–570)进行处理后,添加到高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)基体树脂中,增强PE–HD的力学性能,用傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对硅烷偶联剂处理的BF进行表征,同时,用SEM观察BF增强PE–HD复合材料的拉伸断面。结果表明,随着未经改性处理BF添加量增加,PE–HD复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度逐渐提高,当添加量达到30%时,拉伸强度达到45.5 MPa,提升79.1%;弯曲强度达到41.3 MPa,提升118.9%。经KH–550和KH–570处理的BF添加量达到20%时,PE–HD复合材料的拉伸强度均达到45 MPa以上,其后随着BF添加量继续增加,拉伸强度变化不大,而弯曲强度随BF添加量的增加逐渐增大。当BF添加量达到30%时,BF改性与否对PE–HD复合材料的力学性能的影响不大。当改性BF添加量为5%~15%时,KH–550改性的PE–HD复合材料的力学性能较KH–570改性的高;当改性BF添加量为20%,25%时,KH–570改性的PE–HD复合材料的力学性能较KH–550改性的高。     

硫化PE的制备及其对PP/硫磺共混体系的增容研究

为了提高聚丙烯(PP)与硫磺的相容性,将高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)及硫磺于密炼机中在不同条件下进行反应以制备增容剂硫化聚乙烯(PE),采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、热重分析、溶解性实验等方法对反应产物进行了表征,结果表明,硫磺与PE–HD只有在220℃的高温下才能发生反应形成C—S键从而生产硫化PE,且二苯胍作为催化剂时可提高两者的反应程度,使制备的硫化PE更难溶于二甲苯。将合成的硫化PE作为增容剂添加到硫磺质量分数为30%的PP/硫磺共混体系中,发现硫化PE对共混物具有较好的增容作用,添加5份的硫化PE可使共混物的拉伸强度提高7.69%,断裂伸长率提高21.62%。     

竹材与高密度聚乙烯界面相容性的研究

以竹片、竹粉、竹纤维和高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)为研究对象,采用液体石蜡油、质量分数为5%的H_2O_2、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、质量分数为5%的NaOH水溶液、质量分数为5%的邻苯二甲酸酐乙醇溶液、热处理等方式对其进行预处理,通过对不同处理方法所得试样的平面拉伸强度和胶合强度的考察分析,发现具有合适比表面积的竹纤维与PE–HD具有更好的界面相容性,并且经过预处理后竹纤维与PE–HD的相容性改善效果更加明显。另外,质量分数为5%的H_2O_2和质量分数为5%的邻苯二甲酸酐乙醇溶液,对竹材与PE–HD的界面相容性改善效果更明显。     

In situ reactive compatibilization in polymer blends: Effects of functional group concentrations

Polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE), along with their reactive counterparts, i.e., polystyrene having oxazoline reactive groups (OPS) and polyethylene with carboxylic acid groups (CPE), were melt blended in a Rheomix mixer. These blends were prepared by mixing these polymers in various proportions under a variety of conditions. In an alternate procedure the OPS, CPE graft polymer (OPS-g-CPE) was prepared by melt blending these two polymers beforehand, and subsequently this grafted polymer was used as a compatibilizer for PS–PE blends. The effects of the addition of OPS and CPE, on the one hand, and OPS-g-CPE, on the other hand, on the compatibility of PS–PE blends were investigated. The morphology of these blends was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and related to their tensile properties. The PS–PE blends are found to have the typical coarse morphology of incompatible blends and poor tensile properties while their reactive counterparts, OPS-CPE blends, have fine grain microstructure and show improved tensile strength throughout the range and improved elongation in the PE-rich blends. Relatively low concentrations of the reactive pair, oxazoline and carboxylic acid, are shown to be necessary to produce improved compatibility. The preblended graft copolymer OPS-g-CPE imparts compatibility to PS–PE blends also but not as effectively. This suggests that the addition of OPS and CPE during melt mixing of PS and PE forms OPS-g-CPE polymer at the interface and that these ingredients act as “in situ reactive compatibilizers” which improve physical properties.     

UHMW PE/PP共混改性体系研究(Ⅱ)

制备了UHMW PE/PP合金材料,研究了UHMW PE/PP共混体系的流动性和力学性能及相容剂对共混体系的增容作用,研究表明:PP能有效地改善UHMW PE流动性,但与UHMW PE为不相容体系,相容剂D能够有效提高UHMW PE/PP体系的相容性,提高了材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,达到一定的增强和增韧效果。     

Surface modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with polyethylene via in situ Ziegler–Natta polymerization

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were modified with polyethylene (PE) prepared by in situ Ziegler–Natta polymerization. Because of the catalyst pretreated on the surface of the SWNTs, the ethylene was expected to polymerize there. Scanning electron microscopy images and solubility measurements showed that the surface of the SWNTs was covered with a PE layer, and a crosslink may have formed between the SWNTs and PE. When the SWNTs covered with a PE layer were mixed with commercialized PE by melt blending, the resulting composite had better mechanical properties than the composite from the SWNTs without a PE layer. The yield strength, the tensile strength and modulus, the strain at break, and the fracture energy of the modified‐SWNT/PE composites were improved by 25, 15.2, 25.4, 21, and 38% in comparison with those of the raw‐SWNT/PE composites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3697–3700, 2004     

用顺酐化EPDM增容的EPDM改性聚甲醛

以顺酐化三元乙丙橡胶（ＭＥＰＤＭ）为增容剂，研究了ＥＰＤＭ对聚甲醛（ＰＯＭ）的共混增韧生。结果表明，ＭＥＰＤＭ能明显改善ＰＯＭ与ＥＰＤＭ的相容性，使共混物分散相尺寸明显减少，分布更均匀，熔点和结晶度降低，缺口冲击强度提高。当ＰＯＭ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＭＥＰＤＭ（质量比）为８５／９／６时，共混物的缺口冲强度为１０．２ｋＪ／ｍ＾２。     

Interfacial reaction and its influence on phase morphology and impact properties of modified‐polyacetal/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

The cationic polymerization of 1,3,5‐trioxane, 1,3‐dioxolane and a small amount of 2‐hydroxyacetic acid (HAA) was carried out, and the resulting modified‐polyacetal (POM) was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in melt. The results of ¹H NMR analysis indicated that HAA was almost incorporated in the modified‐POM, and that the resulting carboxyl end‐group and hydroxyl end‐group in the modified‐POM reacted with TPU during the melt blending. There were many boundary layers between the cavities and matrix in the modified‐POM/TPU (82/18 by weight) blend that was etched with tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the diameter of the cavities became ～0.3–1 μm long when the blending time reached 10 min. The results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the modified‐POM/TPU blend had a good compatibility because of the interfacial reaction between the modified‐POM and TPU phase in the blend. The modified‐POM/TPU blend exhibited higher Charpy impact strength when compared with a normal‐POM/TPU blend; the toughness of the modified‐POM/TPU blend attributed to the good compatibility between the two phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4375–4382, 2006     

熔纺PE⁃UHMW/PE⁃HD共混纤维的力学性能和晶体结构研究

通过熔融纺丝工艺制备了拉伸强度为1.13 GPa的超高分子量聚乙烯（PE?UHMW）/高密度聚乙烯（PE?HD）共混纤维。采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、声速取向测试、纤维强度测试等方法研究了初生丝和纤维的晶体结构及力学性能。结果表明,将PE?UHMW与低熔体流动速率（MFR）的PE?HD共混后,提高了共混纤维的分子链取向度、结晶度及力学性能;由高度取向的分子链形成的晶粒可以在轴向上被有效拉伸,形成更规则和致密的晶体结构,从而提高了纤维的力学性能。     

双隔离结构聚乙烯/石墨烯导热复合材料的研究

采用聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵改性石墨烯纳米片、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠改性聚乙烯颗粒,通过静电诱导自组装和热压成型工艺制备了具有蜂窝状石墨烯框架的聚乙烯复合材料(N?PE?HD/P?GNPs).利用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、导热系数测试仪、电子拉力试验机对复合材料的改性状态、微观形貌、导热性能和力学性能等进行分析表征.结果表明,...     

PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH复合材料力学性能的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH）复合材料,并研究其力学性能。结果表明：PP-g-MAH可提高PP与CaCO3的相容性,使复合材料的韧性和拉伸性能得到提高,PE可提高PP与POE的相容性,并有效提高复合材料的韧性,经POE、PE、CaCO3和PP-g-MAH之间的相互协同改性作用可制得综合性能优良的PP复合材料。