基于疫苗颗粒完整性的硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化重组乙肝表面抗原 工艺研究

针对重组汉逊酵母乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)在传统纯化过程中稳定性差的问题，采用静态光散射、荧光光谱和动态光散射等分析手段，从颗粒完整性角度研究其在不同pH条件下的稳定性变化。以其为指导，采用硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化HBsAg，建立该过程中关键因素的响应面模型，并与疏水层析联用，进一步纯化HBsAg，分析纯化效果以及纯化后疫苗颗粒完整性。采用透射电镜观察纯化后疫苗形貌，用高效分子排阻色谱法(HPSEC)分析颗粒稳定性。结果表明在酸性溶液下，pH接近HBsAg等电点时，抗原颗粒间静电斥力减小，颗粒容易聚集；碱性条件下，抗原颗粒内部疏水基团暴露，造成颗粒解聚。建立响应面模型，以活性收率为响应值时，最佳纯化工艺为吸附pH=7.43，洗脱pH=10.48，洗脱温度55.4℃，此时活性收率最高为39.1%；以纯化倍数为响应值时，吸附pH=7.16，洗脱pH=10.52，洗脱温度55.1℃，此时纯化倍数最高为1.90。进一步对洗脱液进行疏水层析纯化，活性收率为49.73%，颗粒完整性为85.79%，透射电镜观察到抗原颗粒粒径为20~40 nm。与传统疏水层析方法相比，采用硅胶吸附/解吸附与疏水层析联用的纯化方法，疫苗活性收率提高31.99个百分点，颗粒完整性提高20.90个百分点，颗粒稳定性提高22.93个百分点。该研究为高效纯化重组HBsAg及提高疫苗纯化过程的颗粒完整程度等提供新思路。     

PEG沉淀结合层析分离重组乙肝病毒表面抗原

应用聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀结合层析技术纯化乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg),对PEG浓度、pH值、离子强度等影响PEG沉淀的因素进行了正交实验研究. 结果表明,浓度为0.12 g/mL的PEG6000在4℃, pH 9.0条件下沉淀HBsAg纯化效果比较理想,纯化倍数达3.7,回收率96.8%,有效地去除了生物大分子杂质和牛血清白蛋白(BSA),PEG在后续的凝胶过滤中可以除去,整个工艺的回收率可提高到41%.     

Synthesis and Chromatographic Separation of Monomethoxypolyethylene Glycol Modified Insulin

Abstract

Insulin was modified with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (MPEG)‐succinimidyl succinate and succinimidyl ester of carboxymethyl MPEG. Effects of reaction solvents, initial molar ratio of MPEG derivative to insulin and reaction time on PEGylation of insulin were investigated by 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid spectrophotometric assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sephadex G75 size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and reversed phase‐high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) were applied to separate PEGylated insulin. IEC and RP‐HPLC were proved to be efficient tools on separation of different PEGylated insulin species.     

重组G145R HBsAg亲和纯化方法的建立及其应用

目的建立重组乙型肝炎病毒G145R变异HBsAg抗体亲和纯化方法。方法用抗-HBs单克隆抗体(D12- McAb)制备亲和层析胶,对2A8细胞(分泌G145R变异HBsAg)培养上清盐析物进行亲和纯化。采用SDS-PAGE、Western blot及ELISA,对纯化产物的纯度、特异性、含量和回收率进行鉴定,并与同法纯化的HBsAg阳性血清及r-wHBsAg提取物进行比较。结果D12-McAb对重组真核表达G145R变异HBsAg、HBsAg阳性血清及r-wHBsAS三者具有相似的亲和性,产物纯度分别为90.3%、95.2%和93.1%,回收率分别为43.3%、72.0%和66.4%。结论已成功地建立了重组G145R变异HBsAg抗体亲和纯化方法,为G145R变异以及其他HBV免疫逃逸变异感染的深入研究奠定了重要的技术基础。     

重组汉逊酵母表达的HBsAg纯化工艺中内毒素的去除效果

目的分析重组汉逊酵母表达的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)各纯化工序样品中内毒素的去除效果。方法采用鲎试剂法检测重组汉逊酵母表达的HBsAg小量工艺探索、中量工艺验证、中试纯化工艺中破碎细胞、微滤、超滤、硅胶吸附、层析、除菌过滤各工序样品的内毒素含量,计算内毒素去除率,分析各纯化工序与内毒素去除率的关系,并以重组酿酒酵母表达HBsAg各纯化工序中样品作为对照。结果重组汉逊酵母表达的HBsAg纯化过程中内毒素含量由细胞破碎样品的241 EU/ml以上降至除菌过滤样品的1.0 EU/ml以下。微滤和超滤样品内毒素去除率平均可达56%和86%,占总体纯化工艺中内毒素去除率的90%以上。结论重组汉逊酵母表达HBsAg纯化工序微滤、超滤和疏水层析均可有效去除内毒素,以超滤去除内毒素效果最明显,为重组汉逊酵母纯化工艺去除内毒素的研究提供了技术参数和实验依据。     

疏水作用柱层析技术纯化HBsAg条件的筛选

在应用流水作用柱层析纯化HBsAg中,对流水介质的功能基类型、交联密度、盐的浓度、操作温度等决定疏水性强弱的因素作了比较研究。结果表明,应用以C4为功能基的Butyl—Sepharose（6～8μmol／ml）和以C3为功能基的Propyl－Sepharose（20～22μmol／ml）疏水介质、8％（NH4）2SO4,18～24℃等条件纯化HBsAg时结果较理想。     

重组汉逊酵母表达的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原疏水层析图谱的峰形规律分析

目的探讨疏水层析纯化重组汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha,HP)表达的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)层析图谱与蛋白含量及HBsAg含量的相关性。方法采用疏水层析纯化8批HP-HBsAg小量试验样品和5批小量验证试验样品及5批酿酒酵母表达的HBsAg对照试验样品,采用Lowry法和电化学发光法(Electrochemiluminescentimmunoassay,ECLIA)分别检测纯化样品中蛋白含量和HBsAg含量,并计算HBsAg的回收率;通过几何法封闭紫外监测图谱特征峰图形,用数字求积仪采用积分法求出各封闭特征峰的图形面积,并进行分析;取小量验证试验1批样品的层析主峰和副峰收液进行电镜观察。结果 8批HP-HBsAg小量试验和5批HP-HBsAg小量验证试验HBsAg的平均回收率分别为70%和54%。HP-HBsAg疏水层析图谱由两部分构成:穿透峰和目标峰(HBsAg峰),目标峰可见高低不同的两个峰(主峰与副峰);对照图谱中有穿透峰和目标峰。对目标峰进行量化分析,主峰、副峰与目标峰的面积比值分别与其所对应的收集量、蛋白含量和HBsAg含量比值相关。电镜观察可见小量验证试验样品主峰收液中HBsAg颗粒大小均一,副峰收液中HBsAg颗粒大小不均一。结论疏水层析纯化重组HP表达的HBsAg效果良好,通过峰形之间面积比值,可获得峰形所对应的收集量、蛋白量和HBsAg量比值,为HBsAg的进一步纯化提供了参考。     

Kinetic Correlation for the Hindered Diffusion of Proteins in a Porous Packing Column*

Abstract Hindered diffusion of proteins in a porous packing plays an important role in proteinchromatographic purification.The HETP method was adopted to analyze the influence of axialdispersion, film mass transfer and hindered diffosion in the porous packing employing a size-exclusionchromatography(SEC)process.The retention behavior with eight proteins of different relativemolecular mass was experimentally detected with a commercial SEC column.A correlation basedon the relative molecular mass of the proteins and the packing porosity was developed and used topredict the effective diffusion coefficient of a protein in the Porous packing.The predicted valuesof effective diffusion coefficient were very consistent with the experimental results with the averageerror of 8.6%.     

柱层析法纯化基因工程HBsAg中试工艺的研究

由乙肝病毒S基因转化的哺乳动物细胞培养收液，经过Butyl-S-SepharoseFF层析，DEAESepharoseFF层析和Sepharose4FF层析，可获HBsAg纯品。产品检定结果表明，PAGE和SDS-PAGE电泳纯度均合格，小牛血清残余量、细胞DNA残余量和动物免疫效力也均符合规定标准．HBsAg终收率达40％左右．在此工艺中，疏水作用柱层析的纯化效率比较高，可去除绝大部分杂蛋白和细胞DNA。     

N-和C-末端组氨酸标记基因重组AxCeSD的柱层析分离特性

Immobilization metal affinity chromatography （IMAC）and size-exclusive chromatography （SEC）have been widely used in the purification of recombinant protein.In order to apply the column chromatography to the separation and purification of the gene recombinant with histidine-tags,the column chromatographic separation characteristics of N-terminal histidine-tagged （N-AxCeSD）and C-terminal histidine-tagged （C-AxCeSD）gene recombinant protein AxCeSD,one of the subunit involved in the cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum were studied.In the ring-shaped three-dimensional structure of AxCeSD,N-terminal histidine-tags were located in the inner of ring,while C-terminal histidine-tags were located in the outer.A higher imidazole concentration was necessary for eluting the C-AxCeSD from the IMAC column due to the C-terminal histidine-tags had stronger chelating interaction with the Ni²⁺ on the IMAC media.Moreover,the retention time for eluting C-AxCeSD from the same SEC gel column was shorter than that for N-AxCeSD,because the larger protein homolog was formed in the C-AxCeSD solution through the inter-molecular hydrogen bonds between the C-terminal histidine-tags.     

Purification of papain from unclarified papaya juice using reversed phase expanded bed adsorption chromatography (RP-EBAC)

The purification of papain using a reversed phase expanded bed adsorption chromatography (RP-EBAC) using a Fastline™ 10 EBAC column packed with Amberlite™ XAD7HP has been carried out in this study. An efficient large scale direct recovery of papain was developed and optimized from unclarified papaya juice feedstock in batch adsorption system. Enhancement of papain purity was further investigated in EBAC by stepwise elution strategy. High papain purity of 74.98% and high purification factor of 7.04 were obtained. This study shows a great potential of using two step elution RP-EBAC system to purify papain from unclarified papaya juice.     

琼脂糖-DEAE离子交换介质的配基密度和孔径对BSA吸附的影响

离子交换色谱是蛋白质分离纯化的有效方法之一,配基密度和介质孔径是影响蛋白质吸附的关键因素。采用3种不同琼脂糖浓度的凝胶为基质,具有不同的平均孔径,分别偶联上阴离子交换配基DEAE,通过调控反应条件,包括反应温度、反应时间、碱浓度和DEAE浓度,得到了不同配基密度和介质孔径的系列DEAE离子交换介质。考察了牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的静态和动态吸附性能,发现随配基密度增加或介质孔径减小,BSA饱和吸附容量有所增大;对于吸附动力学,介质孔径显著影响有效扩散系数。结果表明,配基密度和介质孔径共同决定了蛋白质的吸附性能,介质孔径主导蛋白质的孔内扩散,而配基密度则影响配基-蛋白质间的相互作用。     

人源抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因工程IgG全抗体的表达、纯化及初步鉴定

目的对人源抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的基因工程IgG全抗体进行表达、纯化及初步鉴定。方法用含Fc片段抗-HBsAg Fab抗体基因的载体pAC-HBs-Fc,与杆状病毒线性DNA共转染昆虫细胞sf9,产生重组抗-HBsAg的全抗体。以不同浓度的HBsAg包被酶标板孔,用间接ELISA法检测培养上清中抗体的表达及特异性;用蛋白G亲和层析柱进行抗体的纯化,并对纯化的抗体进行SDS-PAGE、Western blot和竞争性ELISA分析。结果上清中表达的重组IgG抗体仅与HBsAg呈阳性反应,特异性良好,纯化后其纯度达97.1%。经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析可见,IgG抗体轻链和重链的相对分子质量分别约为27000和55000,为人源IgG抗体。CHO表达的HBsAg和血源性HBsAg能竞争性抑制该重组IgG抗体与E.coli表达的HBsAg反应,其抑制率分别为55.9%和81.9%。结论人源抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的基因工程IgG全抗体可在杆状病毒载体表达系统中成功表达。     

Effect of pH on Separation Performances in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Antibacterial Peptides from the Spleen of Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica

The present study was made to determine the optimum pH for isolating antibacterial peptides from the spleen of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recovery rates of the peptides were investigated by using buffers with three pH values (pH 3, pH 4, and pH 5) in ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) of the spleen protein sample with the molecular weight (MW) < 10 kDa. Following this, for the fractions obtained from IEC, we continued to study the effect of four pH values (pH 2, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 12) on the separation efficiency in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed using the buffer with pH 4 in IEC could achieve the highest rate of recovery, which was 5.4 fold to that of pH 3 and 1.36 fold to that of pH 5. The treatment at high pH value (pH 9) did significantly affect the chromatographic separation behaviors, which produced more than twice the peak numbers than those in other three pH values. The optimized pH would be helpful for isolating antibacterial peptides from the spleen of eel.     

Purification and Characterization of Microbial Hyaluronic Acid by Solvent Precipitation and Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Abstract

Samples of hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by submerged fermentation using a synthetic culture medium were recovered, purified, fractioned, and characterized using solvent precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The samples showed a wide molar mass distribution in the range 10³–10⁷ Da, most of which had an average molar mass between 10⁴ and 10⁵ Da after purification by sequential precipitations. Fractions of HA with molar mass above 10⁵ Da were purified by SEC in a semi-preparative scale with nearly no protein contamination. Characterization and fractionation of the HA was carried out by SEC in a analytical and semi-preparative scale using Shodex OHPak SB806M HQ and Superose 6 columns, respectively.     

Current advances in the non‐chromatographic fractionation and characterization of PEGylated proteins

For more than 30 years, PEGylation has been used to improve the physicochemical properties of several proteins and therapeutic drugs having a major impact in the biopharmaceutical industry. The purification of PEGylated proteins usually involves two basic challenges: (1) the separation of PEG‐proteins from other reaction products; and (2) the sub‐fractionation of PEG‐proteins on the basis of their degree of PEGylation and positional isomerism. Currently, most PEGylated protein purification processes are based on chromatographic techniques, especially size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX). Nonetheless, other less frequently used strategies based on non‐chromatographic techniques such as ultrafiltration, electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and aqueous two‐phase systems have been developed in order to fractionate and analyze PEGylated derivates. This review presents current advances in some of the most widely used non‐chromatographic strategies for the fractionation and analysis of PEG‐protein conjugates. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺的优化

目的优化伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺,以替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法。方法采用DEAE离子交换层析柱,分别在缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为6.0、7.0和8.0的条件下纯化1批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,并与传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法进行比较。按《中国药典》三部(2010版)要求检测纯化样品的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小及内毒素含量,并计算样品的多糖回收率。采用优化的DEAE柱层析纯化工艺纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,验证该工艺的稳定性。结果 DEAE离子交换柱缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为7.0和8.0时,可有效将伤寒Vi多糖的杂质与纯化产物分离,多糖回收率分别为36.52%和38.35%,明显高于传统工艺的多糖回收率(15.52%),且纯化产物的内毒素含量(10 EU/μg)明显低于传统工艺(200 EU/μg)。以优化工艺(pH 7.0)纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖获得的6批精糖的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小、内毒素含量及多糖回收率差异较小,标准偏差均小于5%。结论优化了伤寒Vi多糖柱层析的纯化工艺,该工艺稳定性良好,可替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法,应用于伤寒Vi多糖的纯化。     

负载Ag~+ D72树脂色谱柱分离纯化花生四烯酸工艺的建立

目的建立负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱分离纯化花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid,AA或ARA)的工艺。方法采用负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱对微生物油脂中的ARA进行分离纯化,确定最佳分离纯化参数,利用气相色谱法检测ARA的含量。结果负载Ag+D72树脂的最大饱和吸附量约为9 mg/g干树脂,在吸附温度0℃、不饱和脂肪酸甲酯上样质量浓度5 mg/ml,5%丙酮正己烷溶液(体积比)洗脱、解吸温度30℃、洗脱流速2 ml/min的条件下,ARA的纯度达89.4%,收率达79.3%。结论负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱可有效分离纯化微生物油脂中的ARA,为进一步生产高纯度的ARA,进而规模化生产ARA产品提供了参考。     

汉逊酵母高密度发酵表达乙型肝炎表面抗原的甲醇流加控制策略

目的考察不同甲醇流加策略对汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)高密度发酵表达重组乙型肝炎表面抗原的影响。方法在细胞生长阶段采用DO/pH在线测量的控制方法,使酵母细胞密度达到一个较高水平,诱导期比较DO-Stat/pH-Stat法和离线检测甲醇两种控制流加甲醇的方法,同时也比较用甘油和甲醇双碳源间断流加法与单纯流加甲醇法对目的蛋白表达的影响。结果诱导期用DO-Stat和pH-Stat法不能有效地提高乙肝表面抗原表达量,而离线检测甲醇的控制方法,在诱导阶段可将甲醇浓度控制在0~5g/L的范围,乙肝表面抗原表达量比DO-Stat/pH-Stat法提高了20%。甲醇氧化酶(MOX)酶活性的变化与乙肝表面抗原表达量变化存在对应关系,交替加入甘油和甲醇双碳源刺激,可以使乙肝表面抗原表达量达到395mg/L。结论已筛选出优化工艺配置,并建立了切实可行的规模化生产工艺。     

Specific energy consumption in electrochemical treatment of food industry wastewaters

BACKGROUND: Specific energy consumption (SEC) is an important factor in electrochemical treatment of wastewaters. SEC during electrochemical treatment of food industry wastewaters, specifically deproteinated whey wastewater (DWW), simulated sugar beet factory wastewater (SFW) and fruit juice factory wastewater (FJW), were investigated in this study. The effects of operational parameters applied voltage, and electrolyte and wastewater concentrations on SEC were assessed and optimized. RESULTS: SEC values were found in the range of 0.27–148.65, 0.94–375.76 and 0.20–636.40 kWh (kg COD)^?1 for DWW, SFW and FJW, respectively, after 8 h of reaction. Operational parameters were optimized at 25 °C through response surface methodology (RSM) where applied voltage was kept in the range (2–12 V), wastewater concentration and COD removal percent were maximized electrolyte concentration and SEC were minimized. Optimum conditions were estimated as 7.73 V applied voltage and 100% wastewater concentration in the presence of 27.11 g L^?1 supporting electrolyte concentration to achieve 25.02, 67.74 and 43.10% COD removal for DWW, SFW and FJW with corresponding SEC values of 17.85, 22.79 and 80.47 kWh (kg COD)^?1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Providing further research on the reduction of SEC values, application of electrochemical treatment to food industry wastewaters with non‐biodegradable components may become an alternative to conventional methods. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry