MCM-41和SBA-15动态吸附VOCs特性和穿透模型

采用模板剂法制备了具有规整孔道的MCM-41和SBA-15介孔分子筛,考察了两种介孔分子筛动态吸附甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯的特性.结果表明,MCM-41平均孔径小,孔壁叠加作用力强,更适合吸附中、低浓度的VOCs,对芳烃类VOCs为典型的I型吸附等温线;SBA-15具有微孔和介孔共存的特点,平均孔径大,对大分子和高浓度...     

硅基纳米材料用于阿司匹林长效缓释的研究

表面活性剂采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为活性成分,硅源采用正硅酸乙酯,利用低温水热法合成了MCM-4l介孔分子筛,采用动态吸附法将阿司匹林药物吸附到分子筛MCM-41的孔道中,吸附前后的介孔分子筛分别利用傅里叶红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对吸附前后的分子筛进行了表征;借助紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)研究了分子筛的最大吸附量、吸附时间、体外释放等。结果显示,所合成的分子筛MCM-41有序的介孔材料;MCM-4l用于药物阿司匹林的载体最大载药量为:45mg·g-1(m(药物)/m(载体))和良好的缓释效果。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的改性与应用研究

纯MCM-41介孔分子筛具有稳定的骨架结构、孔道规则排列有序、孔径分布窄等优点,但其水热稳定性较差、酸性弱、孔径不够大、难以用于大分子反应.研究人员采用扩孔改性、金属改性、杂多酸改性和其它改性等方法对MCM-41介孔分子筛进行改性,以改善其催化性能.介绍了MCM-41介孔分子筛的改性及其在石油化工过程中的应用.     

WO3-ZSM-5/MCM-41催化剂的合成 及其催化氧化脱硫研究

以氢氧化钠溶液处理微孔沸石ZSM-5来提供硅铝源,合成了ZSM-5/MCM-41复合结构型分子筛。采用XRD、N2吸附脱附、TEM等方法对其进行了表征,考察了其水热稳定性。实验结果表明,碱处理合成的ZSM-5/MCM-41同时具有微孔孔道和介孔孔道结构,并具有优于介孔MCM-41分子筛的水热稳定性。以ZSM-5/MCM-41为载体负载三氧化钨后应用于噻吩/正辛烷模拟油体系,双氧水为氧化剂,催化氧化脱硫,WO3-ZSM-5/MCM-41（三氧化钨质量分数为10%）表现出良好的催化性能,脱硫率可达到93.6%。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛近期应用研究进展

介绍了近年来MCM-41型介孔分子筛的应用及发展方向,以及一些新型MCM-41材料的出现。其中在吸附和催化方面都涉及到分子筛大量改性的研究。此外,分子筛在医药领域作为缓释剂的发展以及电子领域膜的制备也有新的发现。在MCM-41型介孔分子筛不同的应用中,充当载体的MCM-41型介孔分子筛在负载物的协助下可以得到更有效的实验结果。根据目前的应用发现,发掘MCM-41分子筛的更大潜力是未来研究的进展方向。     

砷在杂原子介孔分子筛上的吸附行为研究

介孔分子筛具有大比表面积、长程有序结构和可调孔径等优点,经过杂原子掺杂后具有优异的吸附除砷能力。在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、正硅酸乙酯、氢氧化钠体系中,添加不同铝源、铁源制备了杂原子MCM-41介孔分子筛。XRD衍射分析表明合成产物具有规整的介孔孔道结构。砷吸附实验结构表明,在碱性条件下,Al-MCM-41对砷的吸附性能最佳。在酸性条件下,Fe-MCM-41对砷的吸附性能最佳。而且在酸性条件下Fe-MCM-41分子筛对砷的吸附明显优于Al-MCM-41。中性再生条件下,Fe-MCM-41分子筛对砷的去除率达到95%。这说明液相中砷酸根和Fe-MCM-41分子筛生成了砷酸铁表面沉淀,从而使液相中残留砷浓度降到较低的水平。     

PEI-MCM-41吸附剂的制备及其CO_2吸附性能研究

使用不同方法合成了MCM-41,制备出具有不同骨架结构和内部孔道结构的介孔分子筛。通过XRD、高倍投射电镜、低温氮吸附/脱附等方法对样品进行了表征分析。用PEI对MCM-41分子筛进行改性,然后使用热重方法测定了其对CO2的吸附量。结果表明,使用硅酸钠和硫酸为原料制备的样品具有较大的比表面积和孔容,在该样品上负载50%PEI吸附量达到了269.3 mg/g,是同等条件下单纯PEI吸附量的3.4倍。说明将PEI负载在具有大比表面积和孔容的MCM-41介孔分子筛上,可以使PEI得到充分分散,并充分利用PEI分子上的氨基。     

聚噻吩/MCM-41的合成与表征

文章以FeCl3为氧化剂,采用原位化学聚合的方法制备了聚噻吩/MCM-41新型复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明:小角X射线衍射和氮气吸附与脱附说明复合材料具有规则的介孔结构并且孔径明显小于分子筛MCM-41的孔径,红外光谱分析进一步证明PT进入了MCM-41的介孔孔道内,热重分析表明,聚噻吩进入孔道之后热稳定性得到了提高。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成、改性及应用研究进展

介绍了MCM-41介孔分子筛的优点,主要表现在具有较大的比表面积,孔体积与孔径和可调变等。综述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成方法与改性研究现状,阐述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的应用研究进展。     

介孔分子筛MCM-41改性及应用研究进展

纯硅介孔分子筛MCM-41具有稳定的骨架结构、孔道规则排列有序、孔径分布窄等优点,但其水热稳定性较差、酸性弱、孔径不够大,难以用于大分子反应。本文综述了近几年国内外介孔分子筛MCM-41改性及应用研究的新进展,尤其是扩孔改性、金属掺杂改性以及杂多酸改性等方面的最新研究。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.