复合材料雷达罩耐鸟撞和电磁性能综合优化设计

对蜂窝夹芯复合材料雷达罩进行耐鸟撞优化设计以及耐鸟撞和电磁性能综合优化设计,优化设计变量是雷达罩分段后的总厚度和比例等,耐撞性优化目标是最大限度的减小雷达罩的损伤面积和保护雷达罩内的设备安全,体现在数值计算中减小雷达罩的失效单元数和鸟体的剩余动能;耐鸟撞和电磁性能的综合优化目标除满足以上目标外,也要求使电磁参数指标达到最优。优化软件中集成了显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA和电磁分析软件FEKO,采用了适合于复合材料壳单元冲击损伤的Chang-Chang模型。某算例的优化结果表明：合理的优化设置可以实现蜂窝夹芯复合材料雷达罩的耐鸟撞和电磁性能优化要求,并提高工程设计效率。     

鸟撞45#钢平板动响应试验研究

采用动态数据采集系统,对45#钢平板在不同撞击速度下的鸟撞动响应全过程进行了详细研究,得到了撞击过程中平板上三个点位移和四个点的应变、撞击方向4个支反力等物理量随时间变化历程,同时利用高速摄像系统记录了鸟撞过程中鸟体及平板动态变形的全过程。对重复试验的结果进行比较,二者良好的一致性表明试验结果的可靠性,在此基础上分析了平板动响应及鸟体破碎随撞击速度的变化规律。发现,位移及撞击支反力峰值随撞击速度的提高而线性增大;撞击速度越高,鸟体的流体特性越明显,表明高速撞击数值模拟中鸟体应采用描述流体行为的本构模型。该试验结果对建立合理的鸟体本构模型及验证鸟撞有限元计算方法具有重要意义。     

基于欧拉—拉格朗日方法的复合材料机翼前缘鸟撞模拟

复合材料大面积用于飞机结构后,其鸟撞问题变得更加突出。利用大型通用有限元程序ABAQUS,采用耦合欧拉—拉格朗日方法（CEL）对某型无人机复合材料机翼前缘的鸟撞问题进行模拟,研究了鸟体速度、密度和蒙皮铺层形式等对鸟撞动响应的影响,计算了机翼前缘填充泡沫后的鸟撞损伤,对复合材料蒙皮的鸟撞破坏机理进行了分析,所得结果对工程设计具有参考意义。     

复合材料加筋壁板鸟撞动响应分析

考虑复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的冲击损伤,采用接触碰撞耦合方法研究了复合材料加筋壁板的抗鸟撞性能。鸟撞方式包括垂直冲击和斜冲击两种,复合材料的冲击损伤模型采用Chang-Chang模型,分析了三种鸟撞速度下鸟撞性能参数如复合材料壁板的失效单元数、鸟体剩余动能和筋条的变形,以及复合材料壁板和筋条在某一鸟撞速度下应力随筋条数的变化规律。计算结果表明：垂直冲击和斜冲击下复合材料加筋壁板的抗鸟撞性能不同,并非筋条越多越有利于改善抗鸟撞性能,筋条有时还可能起反作用。     

直升机旋翼桨叶鸟撞动态响应计算

基于旋翼综合气弹分析程序,求解出直升机旋翼桨叶在飞行过程中的稳态响应。以此作为鸟体撞击桨叶的初始状态,采用非线性流-固耦合算法,建立了直升机旋翼桨叶鸟撞动力学方程,利用直接数值积分方法求解桨叶的动态响应。并讨论了鸟体速度、质量、撞击位置、桨叶根部约束和离心力等参数对桨叶动态响应的影响,从而为直升机桨叶抗鸟撞设计提供一些理论依据。     

冰雹冲击复合材料层合板仿真研究

针对飞机空中受冰雹撞击会造成复合材料结构分层或损伤问题,用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对复合材料的抗冰雹冲击行为进行分析。采用光滑质点流体动力学方法(Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic,SPH)模拟冰雹冲击刚性平板的高度非线性力学行为。通过对比模拟结果与实验数据知两者吻合较好,验证冰雹模型的准确性。将该模型引入冰雹冲击复合材料结构模型,采用粘聚区模型(Cohesive Zone Model,CZM)预测复合材料结构的分层损伤,获得合理计算结果;并分析冰雹撞击层合板损伤情况及不同参数对层合板损伤影响。     

钢筋混凝土梁桥船舶撞击连续倒塌数值模拟

详细介绍了钢筋混凝土桥梁船撞倒塌模拟涉及的材料模型和单元失效指标等问题,建立某连续梁上部、下部结构、支座和船舶结构精细有限元模型,将弹塑性损伤帽盖模型用于混凝土,弹塑性随动强化模型用于钢筋,对船舶撞击钢筋混凝土连续梁引起的结构连续倒塌过程进行了数值模拟,揭示了连续梁桥结构的船撞倒塌机理。     

高速列车风阻制动风翼抗鸟撞分析

对研制的复合材料高速列车风阻制动风翼建立有限元模型。据接触-碰撞基本理论利用非线性动力分析软件LS-DYNA对鸟撞制动风翼过程数值仿真,将计算结果与实验数据对比验证仿真过程的合理性。结果显示,该制动风翼能承受500 km/h鸟体撞击,极限能达625 km/h,满足要求设计。鸟撞过程中制动风翼变形具有冲击波传递特征,应力峰值主要出现在被撞击区域,与底座相连部分及摇臂附近也会出现应力集中。     

复合材料雷达罩鸟撞实验

本文简单介绍了某型收音机复合材料雷达罩的鸟撞实验以及几种测试方法在实验中的应用。     

鸟撞过程中撞击位置与撞击姿态对风扇叶片损伤影响研究

为研究鸟撞风扇叶片过程中撞击位置及撞击姿态对风扇叶片瞬态冲击响应的影响,通过CT扫描建立光滑粒子流体动力学(smooth particle hydrodynamics, SPH)绿头鸭模型,根据相对速度原则对五个撞击位置和十五种撞击姿态的旋转风扇-鸟体撞击过程进行模拟。获得了撞击位置及撞击姿态对叶片不同位置应力响应及位移响应的影响规律。结果表明:在鸟撞叶片过程中叶片前后叶根以及前后缘易发生应力集中,在撞击过程中该区域最易发生损伤变形,且前叶根要比后叶根受到的应力更大,更易发生损伤变形;鸟撞击2/6叶高位置时,叶片受到的撞击力、叶根处及前缘处应力最大;Y-135°、Y-270°、Y-315°、Z-135°及Z-315°撞击姿态下前叶根受到的等效应力最大,Z-135°撞击姿态下后叶根受到的等效应力最大,Y-270°撞击姿态下前缘接触处位移最大。研究结果对航空发动机风扇叶片抗鸟撞设计及适航评估具有参考价值。     

Experiment-Based Explicit Dynamics Analysis for Bird Strike Damage Prediction in Composite Structures

Bird strike analysis is a common type of analysis performed during the design and analysis of rotorcraft. These simulations are carried out in order to predict whether various designs will pass the necessary certification tests. In the past, the only way to determine whether forward-facing aeronautical composite structures could withstand bird strikes was with time-consuming physical tests. In the research of bird striking, the bird impact test is the most effective method. But the existing data of test results are highly disperse, so that they do less help for the design of aeronautical composite structures and also cost more. Tests usually needed to be repeated several times because components often failed and were required for each new design. There is a large variability in numerical bird models, composite modeling approaches and complexity of simulation processes to design the sandwich structures of an aircraft. This paper investigates the composite structures modeling for bird strike phenomenon by using state-of-the-art modeling tools capable of predicting the experiment-based composite structural damage, damage location, failure size and failure mode due to impact and addresses a critical review on analysis techniques. This paper also demonstrates the state-of-the-art bird strike simulation methodology developed, and the accuracy of modeling approaches available in explicit codes is discussed.     

Aramid/epoxy composites sandwich structures for low-observable radomes

Low-observable radomes are usually made of E-glass/epoxy composite due to its low dielectric constant which is necessary not to interfere electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission characteristics. Since aramid fibers have lower dielectric constant and higher strength than those of E-glass fiber, aramid fiber radome structures may have better the EM transmission and mechanical characteristics than those of E-glass/epoxy radomes. In this work, the low-observable radome was constructed with a sandwich construction composed of aramid/epoxy composites faces, foam core and Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) which had the abilities of transmitting EM waves selectively in the X-band range. The EM wave transmission characteristics of the low-observable radome were simulated by a 3-dimensional electromagnetic analysis software and also measured by the free space measurement method with respect to the pattern size of FSS and foam cores. The mechanical properties of the low-observable radome made of aramid/epoxy composite were measured by the 3-point bending test and compared to those of the conventional low-observable radome made of E-glass/epoxy composite.     

FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade

Bird strike resistance of aeroengines is a strict certification requirement. Apart from costly experimental bird strike tests, explicit numerical modeling techniques have been employed. However, due to the complicated bird geometry, artificial bird models are still not well defined and it is a perennial problem selecting an appropriate representative artificial bird geometry for the simulations. To examine the relative effects of the artificial bird geometry, explicit 3-D finite element analyses are conducted herein using the commercial code LS-DYNA. As a validation test, we first studied the nonlinear transient dynamic response of an artificial bird striking a rigid flat target. Following the validation, we studied the impact behavior of an artificial bird impinging a flexible aeroengine fan blade. The study focused on the three most-frequently used configurations in the literature: namely, hemispherical-ended cylinder, straight-ended cylinder, and ellipsoid, at various length-to-diameter aspect ratios. The results show that the initial contact area between the bird and target in the early phase of the impact event would have a significant effect on the peak impact force. The aspect ratio of the bird striking both rigid panel and flexible fan blade was found to have little influence on the normalized impact force and impulse.     

宽频天线罩结构设计及制备工艺进展

天线罩是保护罩内各种仪器在恶劣环境条件下能够正常工作的一种设施,现代战争对天线罩的宽频化提出了越来越高的要求.在简述宽频天线罩设计原理和方法的基础之上,着重对国内外宽频天线罩的结构设计及工艺实现研究现状进行了综述,指出了我国与国外的差距及宽频天线罩的发展方向.     

Nanocomposite stealth radomes with frequency selective surfaces

The stealth function of the radome (Radar + Dome) is to transmit or reflect the EM (electromagnetic) wave selectively through the radome. In this work, the stealth radome for aircrafts and warships was developed with the FSS (frequency selective surfaces), PVC foam, and nanoclay-dispersed E-glass fabric/epoxy composite. The water diffusivity of nanocomposites, which changes the stealth characteristics, was measured with respect to the contents of nanoclay. The EM transmission characteristics were measured by the free space measurement system in the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz) with respect to the content of nanoclay. Also, the flexural strength of the sandwich construction composed of the nanocomposite, PVC foam, and FCCL (flexible copper clad laminate) was measured by the 3-point bending test.     

Radome health management based on synthesized impact detection,laser ultrasonic spectral imaging,and wavelet-transformed ultrasonic propagation imaging methods

A radome must not only withstand various forces during operation, but also provide a window for electromagnetic signals. A radome is generally a composite sandwich structure. Much of the damage to radomes is barely visible to the naked eye on the outer surface, but is severe internally. In this study, a radome health management strategy consisting of in-flight damage event detection and ground damage evaluation processes is proposed. A radome health management system, composed of an on-board subsystem and a ground subsystem, was developed to realize the strategy. An in-flight event detection system was developed based on acoustic emission (AE) technology. A built-in amplifier-integrated PZT sensor was used, and the minimum impact energy that the on-board subsystem can detect was determined. The AE sensor was then switched to an ultrasonic receiver. A scanning laser ultrasonic technology was combined with the ultrasonic receiver to develop a ground nondestructive evaluation subsystem. For in situ damage visualization, laser ultrasonic frequency tomography and wavelet-transformed ultrasonic propagation imaging algorithms were developed in this study. To demonstrate the robustness of the ground subsystem, a damage was generated by 5.42 J impact in a glass/epoxy radome with honeycomb core, and the impact image of 25 mm in diameter invisible outside could be visualized with the combination of ultrasonic spectral imaging (USI) and wavelet-transformed ultrasonic propagation imaging (WUPI), which made the propagation of only the damage-related ultrasonic modes visible.