高速开关阀控液压马达系统性能对比研究

采用一款高响应电液伺服阀并使其处于阀口开、关两种极限工况下工作的高速开关控制方式,构建一种阀控液压马达系统,实现对液压马达输出转速及扭矩的控制,以探究液压马达高速开关控制方法的基本特性。完成该高速开关阀控液压马达系统的设计及AMESim仿真模型的搭建。利用PWM信号控制高响应电液伺服阀实现对液压马达的高速开关控制,并通过仿真获得转速等参数随占空比和频率的变化规律。开发基于高响应电液伺服阀的高速开关阀控液压马达系统实验样机,进行实验与仿真结果的对比研究。结果表明：实验与仿真结果较为一致,液压马达转速随着占空比的增大而增大,随着外负载的增大逐渐降低;而仿真结果中负载的增加会轻微加快液压马达转速的稳定时间的结论,在实验中无法得到印证。     

基于二次调节技术的液压绞车系统分析及性能研究

建立了由限压式变量泵供油、蓄能器储能、电液比例伺服阀控变量液压马达的液压绞车容积调速系统。利用AMESim软件,建立了液压绞车比例伺服控制系统仿真模型,利用该模型对系统的性能进行仿真研究。结果表明:该调速系统具有很好的速度跟踪特性、较高的速度控制精度以及较好的系统工作稳定性,同时具有显著的节能效果。     

泵控锻造液压机液压系统设计与仿真

针对传统的22 MN泵控锻造液压机组控制系统复杂、运行过程稳定性较差、响应速度较慢等技术现状,对泵控锻造液压机组的组成结构、传动方式及其组件的运动特性进行了研究。利用AMESim软件建立了正弦泵偏心摆变量机构模型,仿真分析了偏心摆变量机构的控制性能和动态响应特性;建立了锻造液压机液压伺服控制系统模型,仿真分析了液压机在空载、镦粗、常锻和快锻4种不同运行工况下的动态特性。仿真结果表明：偏心摆变量机构设计合理,控制性能较高,能够满足小位移高频快速换向和较大驱动力的实际生产需求;液压机液压伺服控制系统的控制精度高、运行平稳、响应速度快,系统的节流损失和溢流损失小,能量利用率高。     

大型压机液压控制系统分析研究

介绍了大型压机液压系统的工作介质,对油、水两种工作介质的性能参数进行了分析对比。提出大型压机液压系统应优先选用变量泵、增压器、比例伺服阀组合这种控制方式。     

伺服泵控系统在折弯机上的应用

本文介绍伺服泵控液压系统的控制原理和液压原理,以及和正常电液伺服阀同步控制的数控折弯机在能耗、噪声等方面的对比,从而显示出采用伺服泵控液压系统的数控折弯机的节能、环保的优势.     

基于AMESim的液压挖掘机LUDV系统仿真分析

负载独立流量分配(LUDV)因其抗流量饱和及节能广泛应用在液压挖掘机上,但因阀口开启或负载交替变换成为系统最高压力时,会产生一定的液压冲击。针对这一问题,分析LUDV控制原理,并根据LUDV系统以AMESim为平台建立模型,给定交替变化负载信号,对多路阀、补偿阀进出口压力流量特性进行仿真分析。结果表明:建立的模型是正确的;适当增加压力补偿阀弹簧刚度、适当减小补偿阀阀芯最大位移及适当扩大节流口直径可减弱液压冲击,提升系统的稳定性。     

基于变频调节的泵阀联合系统节能性控制研究

为了电液伺服系统解决泵控高效节能性与阀控快速响应性及控制精度高不兼容的特性,搭建基于变频调速的泵阀联合系统。首先对泵阀联合控制系统做模型分析,为了改善系统的节能性,建立基于变频调速的泵控回路。同时运用模糊PID控制算法设计压力控制器,实时监控泵口压力,平稳快速的调节电机转速。为了提高液压缸位置精度,阀控回路设计前馈补偿PID控制,对液压缸位移实时追踪。通过AMEsim与Simulink的联合仿真,表明泵阀联合控制系统相比传统的电液比例伺服系统响应速度更快,控制精度更高,节能性明显得到提升。     

负载敏感液压系统节能设计及AMESim仿真分析

阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统中关键元件压力补偿阀通过阀前后补偿压差来调节流量,因而会造成一定的能量损失,降低系统效率的同时元件使用性能及寿命也大大降低。鉴于此,提出一种以串联液阻分压来降低补偿压差的节能阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统。利用AMESim仿真软件建立仿真模型并进行仿真分析。结果表明：在相同的工况下,改进后的负载敏感系统,能够降低工作时压力补偿阀的能量损耗,提高系统及元件的性能及使用寿命。所得结论为阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统的优化设计提供了参考。     

伺服泵控数控折弯机能耗分析

本文介绍了伺服泵控折弯机液压系统工作原理,建立泵控和阀控系统仿真模型。同时在一个工作循环内比较泵控和阀控模型的功率和油耗等,得出伺服泵控较阀控系统在减少能耗方面更有优势。     

重载数字开关阀液压同步举升系统效率的研究

以同规格的重载数字开关阀与传统伺服阀为研究对象，基于重载数字开关阀与伺服阀的效率计算模型，利用仿真软件分别建立伺服阀液压控制系统和重载数字开关阀液压控制系统仿真模型，模拟分析两个系统对八一信号曲线的跟踪状态，研究两个控制系统的阀瞬时效率和平均效率的变化规律，对比分析两种阀控制同一类型负载时的内泄漏损耗和阀口节流损耗。结果表明：以重载数字开关阀为控制核心的伺服液压系统比传统的伺服阀为控制核心的伺服液压系统具有明显的节能优势，其平均效率在有限工作周期内高出约30%。本研究为全液压重载综合转运系统中的同步举升系统研究提供基础理论数据，对基于重载数字开关伺服液压技术的多液压单元同步举升系统的开发具有一定指导意义。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.