基于等价关系的关联规则挖掘算法研究

文章在现有关联规则挖掘算法的基础上,基于等价关系和等价类来生成侯选频繁项目集,它可以减少系统的开销;并利用参照数据集代替原始交易数据库进行侯选频繁项目集中支持度计数的测试,以此来减少对原始交易数据库的扫描次数。这种方法对于挖掘关联规则是有效的。     

连续数据的分割及关联规则发展

关联规则的挖掘是一个重要的数据挖掘问题，目前的算法主要是研究基于支持－信任框架理论的关联规则挖掘，但是基于支持－信任框架理论的关联规则只适用于交易类型的数据库，然而现实的数据库中有许多连续数据，经典的关联规则就不适用了。该文介绍一种对连续数据集进行预处理过程，即对数据库中的数据项进行距离划分，并给出基于聚类方法的算法设计思想。     

连续数据的分割及关联规则发现

关联规则的挖掘是一个重要的数据挖掘问题,目前的算法主要是研究基于支持-信任框架理论的关联规则挖掘,但是基于支持-信任框架理论的关联规则只适用于交易类型的数据库,然而现实的数据库中有许多连续数据,经典的关联规则就不适用了.该文介绍一种对连续数据集进行预处理过程,即对数据库中的数据项进行距离划分,并给出基于聚类方法的算法设计思想.     

多值属性的数据处理与关联规则挖掘方法研究 *

讨论了在多值属性关系中进行关联规则挖掘的应用特点,提出利用数据整理和数值编码的方式对关联 规则挖掘算法进行优化。将目标数据属性按其在算法中的作用划分,并分别进行转换和编码;然后对数据先进 行聚类,再在聚类结果中发掘频繁项目集;最后利用聚类后关联规则快速更新算法获取关联规则。算法分析和 实验结果表明,该算法比传统的关联规则挖掘算法更有效率。     

一种高效的多层和概化关联规则挖掘方法

通过对分类数据的深入研究,提出了一种高效的多层关联规则挖掘方法:首先,根据分类数据所在的领域知识构建基于领域知识的项相关性模型DICM(domain knowledge-based item correlation model),并通过该模型对分类数据的项进行层次聚类;然后,基于项的聚类结果对事务数据库进行约简划分;最后,将约简划分后的事务数据库映射至一种压缩的AFOPT树形结构,并通过遍历AFOPT树替代原事务数据库来挖掘频繁项集.由于缩小了事务数据库规模,并采用了压缩的AFOPT结构,所提出的方法有效地节省了算法的I/O时间,极大地提升了多层关联规则的挖掘效率.基于该方法,给出了一种自顶向下的多层关联规则挖掘算法TD-CBP-MLARM和一种自底向上的多层关联规则挖掘算法BU-CBP-MLARM.此外,还将该挖掘方法成功扩展至概化关联规则挖掘领域,提出了一种高效的概化关联规则挖掘算法CBP-GARM.通过大量人工随机生成数据的实验证明,所提出的多层和概化关联规则挖掘算法不仅可以确保频繁项集挖掘结果的正确性和完整性,还比现有同类最新算法具有更好的挖掘效率和扩展性.     

区间值属性数据集关联规则挖掘算法仿真

对区间值属性数据集进行挖掘,可以有效分析出数据之间的关系。针对现有数据挖掘方法未对大规模数据进行聚类,导致挖掘过程占据内存大,挖掘精度低的问题,提出了一种新的区间值属性数据集挖掘算法。对问题定义、数据准备、数据提取、模式预测和数据聚类等模块进行详细分析,完成区间值属性数据聚类。根据聚类结果,将区间值属性数据分成多个数据集,挑选出能够支持最小支持度的项目集,将这些项目集作为频繁项集,进而提取出数据集之间的关联规则,将关联规则融入数据计算步骤,完成数据挖掘。为验证算法效果,进行仿真,结果表明,相较于传统挖掘算法,所提挖掘算法占用容量更小,挖掘精度更高。     

一种基于FP树的挖掘关联规则的增量更新算法

挖掘关联规则是数据挖掘领域的一个重要研究方向．人们已经提出了许多用于高效地发现大规模数据库中关联规则的算法，但对关联规则维护问题的研究却比较少．该文在FP树的基础上，引入支持度函数的慨念，对FP树进行改造，提出了一种关于挖掘关联规则的增量更新算法IFP—growth．该算法既考虑了数据集中数据的增加．同时又考虑了数据集中数据的减少等情况下关联规则的维护问题，并且还可以把增量更新的5种情形简化为3种情形．使用本算法来挖掘关联规则可以避免生成大量的候选项目集，而且非常高效．     

基于聚类的快速时域关联规则发现算法

时域数据的挖掘是数据挖掘领域经常遇到的问题。而时域关联规则的发现研究是关联规则的一个重要研究课题。该文在对周期关联规则进行深入研究的基础上,形式化定义了基本的时域关联规则概念,并提出了基于Apriori的发现周期关联规则的CCAR算法。CCAR的核心思想是首先把各项目按照周期时间分布进行聚类,根据聚类结果把每个项目分成几个动态的有效时间区域。在应用Apriori算法时,用项目的各个时间区域扩展项目集Ⅰ,然后根据作者提出的带时间属性的JOIN操作由Lk-1生成Ck,并由约简操作删除Ck中不满足条件的候选频繁项目集以提高算法的效率。算法理论分析和实验都表明CCAR是有效的。     

基于等价类和最大完全图集聚类的关联规则发现算法

关联规则的发现是数据挖掘中的一个重要问题,本文提供了一个基于等价类和最大完全图集聚类的关联规则的发现算法。     

大型数据库中多层关联规则的挖掘算法

将基于垂直数据分布的关联规则的发现从单层概念扩展到多层概念,提出了自顶向下的、用等价类生成频繁项目集的发现算法,无需复杂的Ｈａｓｈ数据结构。该算法减少了项目的匹配计算,提高了挖掘的效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。