一种级联结构的空时二维信号处理算法

在研究R．Klemm博士的级联抑制噪声干扰和杂波算法以及旁瓣对消算法的基础上,针对噪声干扰和地杂波同时存在的情况,提出了一种采用旁瓣对消结构级联抑制干扰和杂波的算法。该算法首先利用相控阵天线合成一个辅助天线和多个主天线,多个主天线共用一个辅助天线,针对每一对主辅天线,采用旁瓣对消算法在空域抑制噪声干扰;然后对多个主天线的输出结合时域进行STAP（空时二维信号处理）抑制地杂波。并且证明了该级联结构等效于一种同时抑制干扰和杂波的结构。计算机仿真结果及性能分析验证了该算法能有效地抑制干扰和杂波,且与其他级联结构相比,所提出的结构更利于工程实现。     

利用辅助水平天线对Es层干扰的自适应抑制

基于一个高频双极化雷达系统,给出了一种利用辅助水平天线抑制Es层干扰的自适应系统.水平极化天线接收的数据与垂直极化天线接收的数据进行相关,自适应的估计出垂直天线接收中的干扰,然后对消掉它们.干扰对消在每个相参积累周期后进行.实际数据对消后的信噪比可以提高到25dB.     

二维相控阵的自适应—自适应旁瓣对消策略

传统旁瓣对消方法采用单元天线作为辅助通道,系统对消输出的信噪比较低,且合成阵列存在较高的副瓣抬升隐患。针对二维稀疏阵列的应用特点,提出一种新的自适应—自适应旁瓣对消策略。该方法取代了传统方法中使用的单元天线以及数字加权方法,使用小型阵列作为辅助通道和射频加权,并借助辅助通道对干扰方向进行估计,根据估计得到的干扰方向信息对辅助子阵列内部的射频加权系数进行调整,使得辅助通道的波束最大可能地对准干扰方向。最后利用恒增益对消技术,实现主阵列中的旁瓣对消。仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和优势。     

两种新的抑制高频雷达中Es层干扰的自适应算法

提出了两种新的抑制Es层杂波的自适应对消算法,分别是频域瞬时值LMS算法和归一化频域瞬时值LMS算法。频域瞬时值LMS算法是利用辅助天线输出的Es层杂波瞬时值来估计主天线当前输出中的Es层杂波成分,可以更大程度上抑制Es层杂波。而归一化频域瞬时值LMS算法则是在频域瞬时值LMS算法的基础上增加归一化的过程,可以大大缩短自适应过程的收敛时间。     

雷达自适应旁瓣干扰对消系统的改进

研究了传统旁瓣自适应干扰对消系统,在强近地杂波接收时,由于近地杂波强度太大而影响了对消系统的正常工作,并最终影响到回波有用信号提取这一问题,由此提出了一种基于收敛权值存储的自适应对消系统,并给出了详细实现方案。经理论仿真和实际设备装调,结果证明利用该方案的旁瓣自适应干扰对消系统能有效解决近地接收时强地杂波带来的影响。     

开环自适应性对旋转天线的应用

旁瓣对消器形式的自适应性应用于旋转雷达天线时,要求所采用的自适应权值以足够高的速率更新,避免由于主波束移动而引起性能下降。本文描述了采用混合模/数解法实验旁瓣对消器的设计方法和性能。专用数字处理机采取开环算法来计算权值,并通过乘法数模变换器把结果应用到模拟信号通路。选择开环算法,是为了避免与闭环旁瓣对消方法有联系的收敛性问题。本文有一节谈的是实验系统的调定技术。介绍了实验结果,其中包括一些有效地利用动目标显示滤波器把采样的杂波污染减少到最小的试验。结果表明,利用旁瓣对消,经过雷达天线23分贝旁瓣进来的干扰,至少减少了大约12分贝。本文还发表了有关采样量和权值更新频率影响对消性能的数据。     

自适应旁瓣对消及其在通信对抗系统中的应用研究

为了提高通信对抗系统对干扰信号的抑制能力,提出采用主接收天线为对数周期天线、辅助天线为全向天线的自适应旁瓣对消方法,推导出了无互耦条件下旁瓣对消后输出信号信干比的解析表达式,为辅助天线增益的选取提供了理论依据,计算机仿真结果证实了该方法对干扰信号的抑制能力,提高了通信对抗系统的侦察能力.     

基于相关性的杂波环境自适应对消方法

旁瓣对消技术是应对旁瓣有源压制干扰的有效手段。实际应用发现,对于工作在具有强杂波环境的中近程雷达,指向杂波区域的回波数据中会存在大量乃至全距离的杂波数据,对干扰样本的选取带来了极大困难。错误选取强杂波数据作为干扰样本不仅难以有效对消干扰,还可能对检测目标的回波造成恶劣影响。本文提出一种基于相关性的杂波环境自适应旁瓣对消方法,首先统计辅助波束与主波束之间的干扰相关性,然后根据相关性统计结果采取不同的对消处理措施,仿真试验平台的试验数据表明本文方法不仅可以在强杂波环境下有效提取样本进行对消处理,而且保障了弱杂波环境下的对消性能,较大地提高了旁瓣对消方法在杂波环境下的适用性。     

基于雷达辅阵的自卫压制式干扰极化对消方法研究

本文探讨了利用雷达主天线和辅助天线极化特性的差异来抑制自卫压制式干扰的可行性.首先给出了目标和干扰在主、辅天线接收通道的信号模型,而后建立了自卫压制式干扰的极化对消模型,提出了利用对消前后信号干扰噪声比(SINR)的变化来综合评价对消算法的性能.最后,具体分析了主辅天线极化正交和匹配两种极端情况下对消算法的性能,给出了一组有意义的结论,突破了常规将雷达辅助天线仅用于旁瓣对消的观念.     

对自适应旁瓣对消系统的闪烁干扰方案研究

现代雷达普遍采用旁瓣对消技术抗有源干扰,该技术大大降低了从雷达天线旁瓣进入的干扰信号功率,使得从雷达天线旁瓣进入的有害干扰信号不至于严重妨碍雷达工作。文中分析了雷达开环自适应旁瓣对消系统的工作原理,提出了采用对开环自适应旁瓣对消系统进行闪烁干扰的理论依据及实施方法,并对闪烁干扰的干扰效果进行仿真分析,结果证实了闪烁干扰的可行性,为干扰自适应旁瓣对消系统提出了可行的干扰方案。     

Optimum radar signal processing in clutter

This paper considers the joint optimization of a class of radar signals and filters in a number of clutter-pins-noise environments. The radar signal processor in this case will be optimum in the sense that its output at the time of target detection yields the maximum ratio of peak signal power to total interference power. If the interference at the input to this signal processor is a Gaussian random process, this processor also yields the maximum probability of detection for a given value of false-alarm probability. The signals used are pulse trains and the filters are tapped delay lines. The purpose of signal design is to determine the optimum complex weighting for each pulse of the pulse train. Filter design yields the optimum complex weighting for the output taps of the delay line. Filter design for a specified signal is considered first. This is followed by combined signal and filter design and matched filter design. Constrained signal and filter design is investigated last. It should be emphasized that the optimizations require a knowledge of the clutter time-frequency distribution. For practical situations, when the clutter distribution is unknown, an adaptive filter is proposed that automatically provides the optimum filter weights for a given transmitted signal. When the clutter has a range-time extent less than the equivalent range-time extent of the signal, filter design alone yields nearly optimum performance. As the clutter becomes extended in range-time, it is necessary to consider jointly the design of signal and filter to obtain an optimum radar signal processor. In this report it is suggested that the signal be designed under the assumption of the clutter being extended over a broad range of Dopplers and that the signal processor consist of a bank of adaptive filters. Then each filter output yields the maximum ratio of peak signal to total interference power for this signal design.     

一种半集总微波带通滤波器的设计

本文设计了一种适用于阵列天线的带通滤波器,主要用于抑制杂波干扰。该滤波器以传统椭圆函数滤波器设计理论为基础,并对输入输出端口进行高低通包络匹配,从而解决了椭圆函数滤波器带外抑制平缓的问题 。为了满足滤波器设计指标的要求,电路采用半集总参数思路实现。文中给出了该滤波器的设计过程及实际测量结果。实测结果和仿真结果相符合,满足技术指标要求。     

Interference Cancellation for High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar

The performance of high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is known to suffer from external environmental interference and noise, such as cochannel radio-frequency interference from other radiating source, ionospheric clutter, lightning impulsive noise, etc. This paper experimentally evaluates the interference cancellation performance of various adaptive beamforming schemes with respect to the aforementioned three types of interferences in an attempt to find the most promising adaptive cancellation scheme in practical HFSWR environment.     

高频地波雷达电离层杂波的空域极化域协同抑制方法

高频地波雷达（High Frequency Surface Wave Radar,HFSWR）能够探测视距外的海上目标和超低空飞行器,但其性能通常被电离层杂波严重影响。该文使用一种空域极化域协同滤波算法用于电离层杂波抑制。针对其中电离层杂波空域和极化域参数的估计问题,在距离-多普勒域上利用基于压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）的DOA测角方法进行空域参数估计,并提出一种基于统计特性的极化参数估计方法完成极化参数估计。这两种估计方法可获得更高的参数估计精度,从而提高了电离层杂波空域极化域抑制方法的性能。某HFSWR系统实测数据处理结果表明了参数估计和电离层杂波抑制方法的有效性。      

Clairvoyant and adaptive signal detection in non-Gaussian clutter:a data-dependent threshold interpretation

This paper addresses the problem of signal detection in correlated non-Gaussian clutter modeled as a spherically invariant random process. The optimum strategy to detect a constant signal, with either known or unknown complex amplitude, embedded in correlated Gaussian clutter is given by comparing the whitening-matched filter output with a fixed threshold. When the clutter is non-Gaussian, the performance of the matched filter sensibly degrades. The optimum strategy is the classical whitening-matched filter output compared with a data-dependent threshold. This interpretation provides a deeper insight into the structure of the optimum detector and allows us to single out a family of suboptimum detectors based on a polynomial approximation of the data-dependent threshold. They are easy to implement and have performance that is really close to the optimal. The adaptive implementation of the polynomial detectors is also investigated, and their performance is analyzed by means of Monte Carlo simulation for various clutter scenarios     

基于冗余小波变换的高频地波雷达目标检测算法

为了从高频地波雷达(High Frequency Surface Wave Radar, HFSWR)信号生成的复杂距离多普勒(Range Doppler, RD)图像中准确提取运动点目标, 提出了一种基于冗余小波变换(Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transformation, RDWT)的RD图像点目标检测算法.该算法根据点目标与海杂波、电离层杂波等特征的差异, 首先在距离方向进行自适应RDWT以去除海杂波和地杂波, 并在多普勒方向进行自适应RDWT以去除电离层杂波; 然后利用图像形态学运算对背景噪声进行了抑制; 最后进行阈值自适应分割以得到点目标.实验结果表明:该算法能有效抑制RD图像中的海杂波、电离层杂波和背景噪声, 能从复杂的RD图像中实现点目标的有效检测, 其检测性能优于改进的恒虚警率(Constant False Alarm Rate, CFAR)算法.     

自适应杂波抑制技术在雷达中的应用

动目标显示(MTI)技术是雷达在杂波环境中发现运动目标的有效手段。首先讨论了雷达信号处理中常用的自适应动目标显示技术,即在多杂波环境下的自适应杂波抑制技术。然后针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的级联MTI滤波器,提出了一种新的设计方法,即采用时变加权原理,通过对动杂波速度估值,实现对运动杂波抑制滤波器权值的优化。最后给出了这2种杂波抑制级联型MTI的工程实现。     

相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制的时—空二维自适应滤波

本文提出了一种机载预警侧面相控阵雷达抑制地杂波的时-空二维自适应方法,该方法先对各列子阵的数据作多通道的多卜勒滤波,然后分别对相同多卜勒滤波器输出的数据作Capon自适应处理。理论分析和计算机模拟结果表明,本文方法的杂波抑制性能在天线阵元存在一定的随机幅度和相位误差情况下损失不大,对阵元失效也不敏感。     

Analysis of phase-focused near-field testing for multiphase-centeradaptive radar systems

Airborne or spaceborne radar systems often require tests before deployment to verify how well the system detects targets and suppresses clutter and jammer signals. The radar antenna diameter can be large and thus the conventional far-field test distance is impractical to implement. The theory and simulations of phase-focused near-field testing for adaptive phased array antennas is discussed. With near-field source deployment, standard phased-array near-field phase focusing provides far-field adaptive nulling equivalent performance at a range distance of one aperture diameter from the adaptive antenna under test. Both main beam clutter sources and sidelobe jammer sources are addressed. The phased array antenna elements analyzed are one-half wavelength dipoles over the ground plane. Bandwidth, polarization, array mutual coupling, and finite array edge effects are taken into account. Numerical simulations of an adaptive antenna that has multiple displaced phase centers indicate that near-field and far-field testing can be equivalent