液-固相轧制复合法生产含硅中锡/钢复合轴瓦带的凝固组织

采用液—固相轧制法可以稳定、连续生产AlSn8Si2．5Pb2Cu0．8Cr0．2覆钢双层轴瓦带。通过金相照片显示其组织与铸造组织相似，但柱状晶(胞状晶)更为细小、发达，组织内Si，Sn等元素分布均匀，在液—固相轧制复合工艺条件范围内，浇注温度对胞状晶组织结构有较大影响，退火则使Sn，Si元素聚集、球化。     

渗铝液Fe含量对镶圈铝合金活塞铝铁结合区的影响

研究不同Fe含量的渗铝液成分对镶嵌活塞铁铝粘结层的组织及性能的影响,采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察结合区的组织形貌,采用显微硬度计及压力机测定结合区的硬度和粘接强度。结果表明:活塞铝铁结合区的形成包括铝原子向铸铁环的扩散及铁原子向铝基体的溶解过程;结合区主要由Fe2Al5相和FeAl3相组成;渗铝液中铁含量增加时,铝铁结合层厚度明显下降;结合区硬度显著高于高镍铸铁环及铝合金活塞基体,且随渗铝液铁含量增加,结合区硬度较高;结合层粘接强度随渗铝液铁含量的增加,呈先增后减的趋势。     

W9Mo3Cr4V/45钢复合轧辊的液 固结合界面

 采用重力铸造液 固结合的方法对高速钢复合轧辊结合界面进行了研究,并对切取的小试样进行了完全退火、高温焠火+3次550 ℃×1 h回火处理。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射仪以及显微硬度计对试样进行了金相组织观察、结合面附近合金成分线扫描、组织成分能谱分析、显微硬度测试和X射线衍射相分析。结果表明：在辊芯45号钢表面电磁感应预热到1 270~1 300 ℃,外层W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢钢液浇铸温度为1 550~1 600 ℃的情况下,两者之间以熔合扩散方式形成了牢固的冶金结合;在铸态下结合界面宽度为40~50 μm,碳及合金元素明显向45号钢侧扩散,通过退火及淬回火处理后,高速钢中的碳及合金元素向45号钢侧进一步扩散,结合界面宽度扩大了100 μm左右,45号钢侧得到细片状索氏体组织,高速钢侧为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物组织。     

硬质合金复合辊环研制及在棒材轧机上的应用

为了制造低成本的硬质合金/钢复合辊环,根据对复合强度与轧制扭矩关系的计算及对不同胶结剂复合强度研究,用化学胶结工艺制造了硬质合金复合辊环,与辊轴装配成复合轧辊,在Pomini棒材轧机上进行了轧制性能试验,与冶金工艺制造的复合辊环进行了对比.结果表明,胶结工艺制造的复合辊环具有容易制造、成本低的优点,轧钢性能与冶金复合辊环基本相同,能满足棒材等小型材轧机的要求.     

Roll bonding behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V sheets during pack rolling

Low density, excellent corrosion resistance, moderate strengths at high temperatures make titanium based alloys candidate materials for advanced aerospace structures. Advanced joining techniques are emulating for fabrication of complex aerospace structures. Roll bonding is one such solid state joining technique where bonding between two rough and clean surfaces is obtained under high temperature and pressure. The work horse dual phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V finds extensive structural application in aerospace and space industries. In the present study, two Ti-6Al-4V sheets are stacked together and encapsulated in a mild steel can followed by evacuation and hot crimping. The pack is extensively deformed to ∼84% reduction in thickness employing conventional hot rolling mill. Partially roll bonded 0.74mm thick sheets were obtained and microstructural evolution was studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The incompletely bonded interface was analyzed through elemental mappings by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer and compared with completely bonded region. The partially bonded region revealed the presence of aluminium oxide at the interface which possibly could have hindered complete bonding at that region. The room temperature tensile properties of as- roll bonded Ti-6Al-4V nearly approaches the base material properties.     

磷元素对粉末烧结铜合金-钢复合材料性能的影响

讨论了关于粉末冶金烧结铜合金-钢双金属轴承材料在铜合金中加入第三元素磷,对烧结铜合金轴承材料性能的影响。结果表明,在铜铅合金中加入少量的磷,能有效防止铜铅合金中的铅偏析;但随铜合金中磷元素添加量的增大,也会降低铜合金与钢背的结合强度。     

Effect of Copper Coating and Reinforcement Orientation on Mechanical Properties of LM6 Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Steel Mesh by Squeeze Casting

Uncoated and copper coated steel wire mesh reinforcing LM6 aluminium alloy composites have been produced using squeeze casting process by varying reinforcement orientation viz., 0°, 45° and 90° respectively. Microstructure of the castings has been examined and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and ductility have been investigated. Fracture surface of tensile specimens has been analysed using field emission scanning electron microscope. Microstructure of samples reveals that copper coating on steel wires improves the interface bonding between matrix and reinforcement. Average hardness values of 259 and 90 Hv have been observed in steel wire and matrix respectively. Tensile strength of composites increases with increasing angle of reinforcement orientation from 0° to 90°. Tensile strength increases up to 11% by reinforcing copper coated steel wire mesh at 90° orientation as compared to LM6 aluminium alloy. Fracture surface of composites shows pullout of steel wires in uncoated steel wire mesh composites and broken wires in copper coated steel wire mesh composites respectively. Dimples have been observed on the fracture surface of LM6 aluminium alloy. In general, copper coated steel wire mesh composites offer better hardness and tensile strength compared to uncoated steel wire mesh composites and LM6 aluminium alloy. This may be attributed to the copper coating on steel wires which results better interface bonding between matrix and reinforcement.     

泡沫铝及其三明治结构累积叠轧制备

通过累积叠轧法制备泡沫铝.采用称重法研究泡沫铝孔隙结构,利用光学显微镜观察泡沫铝孔隙形貌.发现以TiH₂为发泡介质,当发泡温度660~680℃和发泡时间6~10 min时,利用累积叠轧法制备泡沫铝的孔隙结构特性最好.发泡温度和发泡时间的最佳值与发泡剂用量有关,TiH₂质量分数为1.5%,在670℃发泡8 min,泡沫铝的孔隙率可达到42%,孔径为0.43 mm.以制备的泡沫铝为夹芯,通过轧制复合制备了TC4钛合金/泡沫铝芯和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢/泡沫铝芯三明治板.利用光学显微镜和能谱仪研究了三明治板的界面.面板与芯板间的化合反应形成了界面的反应层,界面实现了冶金结合.      

真空液相烧结法制备三元硼化物硬质合金覆层材料

采用液相烧结法在钢基体表面制备三元硼化物硬质合金覆层,将三元硼化物硬质合金的优异性能赋予钢基体表面,获得了耐磨抗蚀、界面结合强度高的新型硬质覆层材料。同时确定了硬质合金覆层的化学配比(B、Fe、Mo元素成分的配比)和C、Cr、Ni合金元素的添加量。对硬质合金覆层的洛氏硬度的测量结果表明,覆层的硬度明显高于钢基体的硬度,其中5Cr2Ni0.8C材料试样的硬度最大;对硬质合金覆层以及覆层与钢基体的界面结合处的扫描电镜观察和能谱分析表明,铬加入后部分进入陶瓷硬质相,加强了其硬度,而镍元素只在铁基粘结相中存在,并且覆层与钢基体之间形成了致密的冶金结合。     

Analysis of the mechanism of die soldering in aluminum die casting

A mechanism of soldering of an aluminum alloy die casting to a steel die is proposed. A soldering critical temperature is postulated, at which iron begins to react with aluminum to form an aluminum-rich liquid phase and solid intermetallic compounds. The liquid joins the die with the casting upon solidification. The critical temperature is determined by the elements in both the casting alloy and the die material and is equal to the solidus temperature of the resulting alloy. The critical temperature is used to predict the onset of die soldering, and the local liquid fraction is related to the soldering tendency. Experiments have been carried out to validate the concept and to determine the critical temperature for die soldering in an iron-aluminum system. Thermodynamic calculations are used to determine the critical temperature and soldering tendency for the cases of pure aluminum and a 380 alloy in a steel mold. Factors affecting the soldering tendency are discussed, and methods for reducing die soldering are suggested.     

A Modified Cast-on Method for the Reinforcement of Aluminum Castings with Dissimilar Metals

A modified cast-on method has been developed to reinforce aluminum castings with steel insert. Defect-free bond between the steel insert and the aluminum casting has been consistently obtained. Data obtained from a push-out experiment indicated that the bond strength was much higher than that obtained using the Al-Fin approach. This paper introduces this modified method in four sections: the coating of the steel pins, the cast-on method, microstructure characterization, and the bond strength. The section on the coating of the steel pins contains coating material selection, electroplating technique for plating Cu and Ni on steel, and diffusion bonding of the coatings to the steel. The section on cast-on method deals with factors that affecting the quality of the metallurgical bond between the coated steel and the aluminum castings. The results of microstructure characteristics of the bonding are presented in the microstructure characterization section. A push-out experiment and the results obtained using this method is described in the section of bond strength/mechanical property.     

Preparation and casting of metal-particulate non-metal composites

A new process for the preparation and casting of metal-particulate non-metal composites is described. Particulate composites of ceramic oxides and carbides and an Al-5 pet Si-2 pct Fe matrix were successfully prepared. From 10 to 30 wt pct of A1₂O₃, SiC, and up to 21 wt pct glass particles, ranging in size from 14 to 340 ώ were uniformly distributed in the liquid matrix of a 0.4 to 0.45 fraction solid slurry of the alloy. Initially, the non-wetted ceramic particles are mechanically entrapped, dispersed and prevented from settling, floating, or agglomerating by the fact that the alloy is already partially solid. With increasing mixing times, after addition, interaction between the ceramic particles and the liquid matrix promotes bonding. Efforts to mix the non-wetted particles into the liquid alloy above its liquidus temperature were unsuccessful. The composite can then be cast either when the metal alloy is partially solid or after reheating to above the liquidus temperature of the alloy. End-chilled plates and cylindrical slugs of the composites were sand cast from above the liquidus temperature of the alloy. The cylindrical slugs were again reheated and used as starting material for die casting. Some of the reheated composites possessed “thixotropy.” Distribution of the ceramic particles in the alloy matrix was uniform in all the castings except for some settling of the coarse, 340ώ in size, particles in the end-chilled cast plates.     

Interfacial Microstructure of Al-Sn-Pb Alloy/Steel During Liquid-Solid Bonding Rolling

Studies were conducted on the interfacial microstructure of a steel/liquid aluminium and its evolution during the bonding rolling process. The effects of wetting time and deformation on the diffusion layer and on the bonding strength were examined. By means of electron microscopy and electron probe analysis, it was found that the diffusion layer is mainly composed of FeAI3. For a steel temperature of 250℃ and an aluminium temperature of 850 ~C, the diffusion layer was formed within 3 s, and the shear strength of the samples increased after 8 to 14 s. Although the interface was not damaged, it was deformed notably. For an aluminium temperature of 750℃ and a wetting time of 11 to 17 s, the shear strength of the interface remained high, but the interface was obviously broken during rolling, leading to reduced bonding strength.     

轧制复合厚钢板的界面组织及力学性能

摘要：以Q345钢为原料，采用组坯抽真空热轧复合的方法制备了55mm的厚板，利用OM和SEM观察界面微观组织，结果表明，基体和复合界面组织均为珠光体+铁素体，再结晶细化晶粒效果显著。随累计压下率的增加，界面缺陷减少，界面结合强度提高，当累计压下率达到66.0%时，界面剪切强度达到321MPa，Z向抗拉强度达到520MPa，断后伸长率最高达到39.5%，满足GB/T 1591—2008《低合金高强度钢》的要求。但复合界面经强酸深度腐蚀后，即使经多道次轧制变形，其仍然存在被强酸腐蚀的痕迹；同时，冲击试验结果表明，复合界面的冲击功低于母材的冲击功。     

工业海洋大气环境下阳极氧化6061铝合金的电偶腐蚀行为

在青岛典型的工业海洋大气环境下,进行硼硫酸阳极氧化6061铝合金与不同表面状态的30CrMnSiNi2A结构钢偶接件的户外大气暴露试验,通过电化学测试、腐蚀产物分析、力学性能检测、断口分析等,研究了偶接件中阳极氧化6061铝合金的腐蚀规律与机理.结果表明:经1 a户外大气暴露试验后,与镀镉钛结构钢偶接的6061阳极氧化铝合金力学性能最优,其强度σ_b和延伸率δ分别比原始试样下降6.45%和4.39%,远优于与结构钢裸材偶接的阳极氧化6061铝合金试样(分别下降10%和62.28%),略优于未偶接试样(分别下降6.77%和10.74%).沿晶腐蚀和表面点蚀是导致阳极氧化6061铝合金力学性能下降的主要原因,最严重的沿晶腐蚀裂纹深度达150 μm.青岛大气中的硫化物不仅会侵蚀试样表面形成硫酸铝,还会浸入到晶界促进沿晶腐蚀.      

陶瓷与金属连接的研究进展

陶瓷与金属之间存在着性能互补关系，将它们连接在一起，可以拓展各自的应用范围。介绍了各种连接方法的特点和连接机理，着重讨论了钎焊、固相扩散连接、部分瞬间液相连接和自蔓延高温合成连接的机理。指出活性金属钎焊和固相扩散焊技术较成熟，连接强度高，重复性好，广泛应用于连接在中、低温领域服役的陶瓷／金属复合构件，瞬间液相连接是极有发展前途的连接方法。     

累积叠轧焊制备超细晶IF钢微观组织与力学性能

采用累积叠轧焊方法制备了超细晶IF钢，对其微观组织和力学性能进行了分析。实验结果表明，累积叠轧后IF钢的平均晶粒尺寸为700nm；抗拉强度为621．3MPa，达到冷轧IF钢抗拉强度的2．02倍，屈强比σ0.2/σb为0．81。在累积叠轧过程中产生的氧化物夹杂导致超细晶IF钢的脆化。     

粘结相对原位合成TiC钢结硬质合金组织结构和性能的影响

以钛铁粉、铬铁粉、铁粉、胶体石墨和镍粉等为原料,原位合成了TiC/Cr18Ni8、TiC/Cr19Al3和TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和洛氏硬度计、拉力试验机等对不同粘结相所制备的试样进行了组织结构分析和物理力学性能检测.结果表明:钢结硬质合金主要相组成为TiC、Fe-Cr-Ni和Fe-Cr固溶体,TiC晶粒细小,形状较为规则;粘结相对原位反应合成的钢结硬质合金的密度、硬度和所合成的TiC晶粒有较大影响,在相同烧结条件下TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的密度和硬度比TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金的高,但TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金中所合成的TiC晶粒比TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金中合成的TiC晶粒偏聚现象严重.TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的硬度为60～70.5HRC,TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金的硬度多在20～50HRC之间.三者的抗弯强度为960～1452MPa.     

Bonding Interface Formation between Mg Alloy and Steel by Liquid-phase Bonding using the Ag Interlayer

Liquid-phase bonding between a Mg alloy (AZ31) and low-carbon steel was attempted at 773 K (500 °C) using Ag as an interlayer that forms a eutectic melt with the Mg alloy at this temperature. On the AZ31 side, eutectic melting and subsequent isothermal solidification were observed, and it was confirmed that the solidification of the eutectic liquid was promoted by the diffusion of Ag into the AZ31 base metal. On the steel side, Al was transported from AZ31 during the eutectic melting and isothermal solidification. This transported Al was enriched at the steel surface and reacted with steel to form a uniform, thin Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer. After the isothermal solidification, strong bonding was achieved via the thin intermetallic compound layer between AZ31 and steel, and no Ag remained at the bonding interface. The strength of the joint was found to be higher than the yield strength of AZ31.