PTCR钛酸钡陶瓷的溶胶—凝胶法制备

通过溶胶-凝胶法制得了PTCR纳米晶粉体，经XRD分析测得粉晶晶体结构和晶粒尺寸。参考PTCR素坯的有关热分析数据对传统陶瓷烧结工艺进行了改进，获得了具有室温电阻率～20Ω·cm，电阻温度系数～15％·℃-1和耐电压强度～110V·mm-1的PTCR钛酸钡陶瓷材料。     

低阻BaTiO3系PTC陶瓷的制备与表征

在用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3系PTC陶瓷材料的过程中,应用热分析对干凝胶的热分解历程进行了研究;考察了不同降温速率对晶粒的生长状况及PTC陶瓷材料性能的影响,获得了室温电阻率(ρ)＜9Q·cm,电阻率突变(ρmax/ρmin)＞105,温度系数(α30)＞13%·℃-1,耐电压(Vn)＞130V·mm-1,居里温度(TC)为105℃的低阻PTC陶瓷材料.     

类石墨层状硼碳化合物的导电和抗氧化性能的研究

通过高温高压方法制备了一种晶化程度较高的类石墨层状BC3化合物.在5.5GPa压力条件下,温度越高,制得的硼碳样品晶化越好,电阻率越小.在1500℃、5.5GPa下制得的层状硼碳样品的电阻率ρ=1.2×10-4Ω·m,略大于同等条件下制备的纯碳样品的电阻率ρ=1.1×10-4Ω·m.这种层状硼碳化合物在620℃左右开始氧化,比纯碳样品的初始氧化温度高大约100℃,替代的硼明显的改善了碳的抗氧化性能.     

Fe/Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9纳米晶磁粉芯研究

采用Fe粉复合FeCuNbSiB纳米晶粉体制备了磁粉芯,并讨论了退火温度、Fe粉复合量、纳米晶粉体粒度以及绝缘剂等对磁粉芯磁性能的影响.结果表明,在200～350℃和350～400℃内退火,随着温度的升高,μ_e均呈先增大后减小,375℃时达到最佳;当复合Fe粉后,发现其软磁性能得到了明显改善, Fe粉量为40%时,μ_e达到最大,且在100kHz～1MHz内,频率稳定性良好,其中心频率在500kHz附近,并随Fe粉量的增加而向低频发生偏移.纳米晶粉体的粒度越大,磁粉芯的磁性能越好;粉体粒度为100～200目时,其μ_e达到最大.当375℃退火,由有机绝缘剂、40%(质量分数)Fe粉、100～200目纳米晶粉制备的磁粉芯,其μ_e达52.72、损耗Pu为0.01317J/m~3、Bs为3.92×10~(-3)T、Br=6.48×10~(-5)T、H_c为1.28A/m.     

纳米晶钛酸锶钡(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3)粉体的微波水热合成

采用微波水热法合成了纳米晶钛酸锶钡(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3)粉体,通过XRD、TEM、SEM等分析手段表征粉体,研究了微波水热合成反应温度、时间和前驱物浓度对反应产物形貌、粒度的影响,获得了制备纳米晶钛酸锶钡粉体的最优工艺参数.实验结果表明:在微波水热反应温度为195℃、反应时间20～30min、前驱物浓度为0.16mol/L时获得的粉体粒径小而且均匀,粉体平均粒度为60nm.     

VOC2O4·H2O热分解制备纳米VO2粉体及相变特性

提出了一种采用草酸氧钒(VOC2O4·H2O)热分解制备纳米VO2的方法.通过热分析(TG-DSC)、XRD和TEM手段,分析了草酸氧钒前驱体的热分解过程,纳米VO2的结构和形貌,测定了纳米VO2粉体的电阻-温度曲线.实验结果表明VOC2O4·H2O热分解开始温度为343℃,在380℃,真空度为20～50Pa的条件下,热分解获得VO2的平均尺寸为22nm,相变温度为69℃.     

Co-Mn-Ni-O2系材料阻温特性与频率的关系

通过XRD、SEM分析和变温、变频条件下的logρ-t测量,对Co-Mn-Ni-O2系热敏材料的logρ-t特性与频率关系进行了研究.CoMn1.4Ni0.6O4尖晶石型氧化物热敏电阻材料的logρ-t特性在一定频率(0.1～1MHz)和温度范围(-70～1000℃),发生了由正温度系数(PTC)向负温度系数(NTC)的转变,且转变点的温度(-70～-10℃)和频率(0.1～1MHz)与材料电阻率相关.根据电导率σ和载流子浓度n、载流子迁移率μ之间的关系,对导电机理作了初步的解释.     

高分子网络凝胶法制备YAG:Er~(3+)纳米晶粉体及其光谱性质

采用高分子网络凝胶法,在较低温度下制备了YAG:Er~(3+)纳米晶粉体.分别用热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及激发和发射光谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明:石榴石晶相的形成温度为880℃,与YAG纳米晶粉体相比,用Er~(3+)代替Y~(3+)后,YAG:Er~(3+)纳米晶粉体还是以石榴石晶相为主,未发生明显变化;YAG:Er3~(3+)纳米晶粉体有丰富的吸收谱线,并且在260nm激发光激发下YAG:Er~(3+)纳米晶粉体可以发射出377nm紫光,可以作为紫光光源的考虑对象.     

Fe-Ni基纳米晶软磁粉芯磁性能研究

采用模压成型成功制备了Fe-Ni基纳米晶磁粉芯。并研究了热处理温度和时间、纳米晶粉体的粒度、成型压力等对其磁性能的影响和其温度稳定性和频率稳定性。结果表明,当100～900℃内退火,随着温度升高,μe和Q值都呈先增后减,600℃时μe达到最大值31.5,其最佳退火时间为2h。成型压力和纳米晶粉体粒度越大,μe越大,Q值越小。在100～1000kHz内,磁粉芯具有较好的频率稳定性。在25～100℃内,随着温度的升高,μe逐渐下降,其中25～40℃内,μe变化敏感,温度系数αμ为-1.95×10-3℃-1,而高于40℃时,其温度系数αμ仅为-2.48×10-4℃-1。     

NiO纳米晶的制备和电化学性能

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)工艺制备纳米NiO粉体,研究了烧结温度对其结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,以醋酸镍、柠檬酸、乙二醇为原料通过酯化-络合过程合成的凝胶,在烧结过程中在430℃完全分解并逐渐形成NiO纳米晶;随着烧结温度的升高,纳米NiO粉体的结构趋于完善、品粒尺寸逐渐增大,其电化学循环性能逐渐提高;在600℃烧结2 h可得到平均粒径约为40 nm、呈球形的NiO纳米晶颗粒.NiO纳米晶的首次和第10次充放电比容量分别高达850 mAh/g和471 mAh/g,具有良好的容量保持率,明显优越于用固相法制备的NiO粉体.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.