深埋马蹄形隧道开挖围岩应力与位移的复变函数解

利用复变函数解法中的柯西积分法,求解工程中常用的单心圆仰拱马蹄形隧道在弹性半空间内任意一点处的应力值和位移值解析解表达式。由于是深埋隧道,且埋深与孔径之比较大,故不考虑重力梯度影响,直接把重力作用化为无限远处作用有P1、P2的外载;求解出马蹄形隧道孔洞在弹性半空间内任意一点处的应力值和位移值解析解表达式。结合典型断面,利用三维有限元分析软件MADIS/GTS建立二维平面应变模型,对理论推导单心圆马蹄形隧道在弹性平面内的解析解公式进行验证。分析表明,有限元结果和解析解结果有较好的吻合性,证明了新方法的准确性,针对深埋马蹄形隧道开挖工程,可以快捷地评估围岩应力状态及位移变形。     

浅埋偏压连拱隧道中墙优化分析

浅埋偏压连拱隧道中墙型式直接关系到隧道工程施工及正常运营,本文采用有限元数值方法对不同中墙型式下偏压连拱隧道结构受力特征作了计算分析,偏压连拱隧道采用复合曲中墙结构将有助于改善中墙受力状况,减小应力集中及上部位移,降低衬砌开裂渗水的可能性,从而为偏压连拱隧道合理设计提供理论根据。     

某浅埋偏压隧道开挖顺序的数值模拟研究

以宜巴高速公路青龙隧道为研究对象,利用有限元对浅埋偏压的隧道进口段采用左右两洞不同施工顺序时的力学响应进行了数值模拟,分析了围岩的位移、应力以及初期支护结构中的内力分布,通过对比研究,确定了先施作埋深较深的洞,再施作浅埋洞作为该隧道的最优施工方案,对类似的其他浅埋偏压隧道的施工具有一定的借鉴意义。     

偏压连拱隧道施工数值模拟及方案比选

对在建的西安—汉中高速公路上的皇冠偏压连拱隧道进行二维有限元数值模拟分析,从应力、应变角度对比分析了先开挖浅埋侧和先开挖深埋侧两种不同开挖顺序对隧道围岩、初期支护、二次衬砌及中隔墙的影响,为偏压连拱隧道的设计和施工提供了科学依据及技术指导。     

砂质黄土地层中既有隧道上方挖方离心模型试验研究

以既有隧道上方挖方工程为背景,运用离心模型试验方法,研究了砂质黄土地层中既有隧道衬砌围岩压力在上方挖方时的变化规律:提出根据衬砌和围岩是否按刚度分配荷载划分深浅埋、以及是否存在挟持力划分浅埋与超浅埋的标准,得到了1.25D~1.75D(D为既有隧道跨度)为深埋和浅埋的分界埋深范围,0.75D~1.25D为浅埋和超浅埋的分界埋深范围;同时发现既有隧道衬砌刚度越大,承载拱范围越小,即刚性支护承载拱边界为1.5D,柔性支护承载拱边界为1.8D;并提出基于衬砌围岩压力相对比例的近接影响分区控制标准,得到刚性支护的强影响区、弱影响区和无影响区分界埋深分别为1.5D,2D,柔性支护的强影响区、弱影响区和无影响区分界埋深分别为1.5D,2.5D;对比0.5D和0.3D挖方步距,发现步距会造成挖方过程中围岩应力路径的差异,施工时宜选用0.3D或更小的挖方步距。试验揭露了砂质黄土地层中既有隧道受上方挖方影响的普遍规律,成果可为类似工程提供借鉴和指导。     

浅埋暗挖隧道管棚变形监测及受力机制分析

在土江冲隧道进口段采用应变计对管棚纵向变形进行监测，根据现场测试结果分析管棚在隧道开挖过程中的受力特性，讨论管棚的作用机制。对管棚的刚性固定端Winkler弹性地基梁模型进行改进，建立浅埋暗挖隧道管棚受力的弹性固定端双参数弹性地基梁模型，推导出管棚的扰度方程及应力、应变计算公式，提出求解方法。将弹性固定端双参数弹性地基梁模型应用于土江冲隧道管棚作用机制的分析，计算结果与实测结果吻合较好，说明采用弹性固定端双参数弹性地基梁模型分析管棚受力特征是可行的。     

New analytical method for predicting stresses around rectangular tunnels under arbitrary stress boundary conditions

Rectangular tunnels are often encountered in geotechnical engineering. To clarify the mechanical mechanism of the stresses around tunnels, this study presents new analytical approximant solutions for evaluating stresses around tunnels under arbitrary stress boundary conditions. The solutions consist of two parts: one is the solution for a half-plane before excavation, and the other is the solution for a half-plane with tunnels. The second part can be further decomposed into solutions of a half-plane without tunnels subjected to virtual tractions along the ground surface and solutions of an infinite plane with tunnels loaded by virtual tractions along tunnel boundaries. An efficient iterative procedure is proposed for determining the two sets of unknown virtual tractions, which are transformed into equivalent concentrated forces to simplify the computational process. The solutions agree very well with the results obtained by the finite element method. A parametric study is finally performed to investigate the influences of the tunnel buried depth, the tunnel shape, and surcharge loads on the stresses along the ground and around tunnels. The new proposed solutions potentially provide a potential alternative approach for preliminary designs of future rectangular tunnels.     

Modelling of blast-induced damage in tunnels using a hybridfinite-discrete numerical approach

This paper presents the application of a hybrid finite-discrete element method to study blast-induceddamage in circular tunnels. An extensive database of field tests of underground explosions above tunnelsis used for calibrating and validating the proposed numerical method; the numerical results areshown to be in good agreement with published data for large-scale physical experiments. The method isthen used to investigate the influence of rock strength properties on tunnel durability to withstand blastloads. The presented analysis considers blast damage in tunnels excavated through relatively weak（sandstone） and strong （granite） rock materials. It was found that higher rock strength will increase thetunnel resistance to the load on one hand, but decrease attenuation on the other hand. Thus, undercertain conditions, results for weak and strong rock masses are similar.
2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Assessment the influence of ground stratification,tunnel and surface buildings specifications on shield tunnel lining loads (by FEM)

Urban development and rapid extension of cities have been accompanied by a considerable growth in mechanized shield tunnelling. Commonly precast concrete segments are used as tunnel lining which comprises relatively considerable part of tunnelling cost. The optimum design of lining needs to an accurate evaluation of loads acting on the lining.In this paper, the effects of ground stratification, surface buildings specifications and tunnel depth on lining loads were studied. For this purpose a 3D finite element model was used employing the ABAQUS software (Ver. 6.11). The geometry of tunnel, lining segments, injection grout and the surrounding soil properties were adopted from the under construction Tabriz urban railway line 2 project.The results show that the studied parameters have considerable effects on lining loads. For mentioned case study, surface buildings with 5 and more story have a considerable effect on lining loads, especially for shallow tunnels. The geometry of surface buildings influences the internal forces of the tunnel lining and increase of buildings width and length increases the lining loads. The building width is the most important parameter and with increase of that the influence of other parameters increases. Also by comparison of obtained results in this study with results of 2D analysis, reliability of 2D models was investigated. The comparisons show that 3D analysis is superior to 2D analysis, particularly in the cases of surface buildings presence. The difference between results increases with decrease of building length and increase of tunnel depth and building weight.     

非对称地表荷载对浅埋大断面隧道影响分析

非对称地表荷载作用下的浅埋大断面隧道,其支护结构受力特性与对称荷载有较大差异。为了研究浅埋大断面隧道在非对称地表荷载作用下的支护结构的受力、变形特征,本文结合重庆市轨道3号线工贸车站暗挖段工程,通过二维弹塑性数值分析,得到在地表非对称荷载作用下浅埋大断面隧道支护结构的受力和变形特点,应以荷载较大侧的支护参数作为设计的控制参数,充分重视锚杆的作用,同时应加强监控量测控制地表建筑物和中部核心土的变形的结论,为类似工程的建设提供参考依据。     

深埋双隧洞开挖的解析延拓法求解

 将隧洞所处的地下空间转换为平面应变情况下的弹性半空间,考虑两隧洞开挖次序的影响,利用解析延拓法及Schwarz交替法求解出弹性半空间内2个任意形状任意尺寸的双隧洞在任意相对位置下其半空间内任意一点的应力解和位移解的隐式表达式。将双圆形隧洞作为特例,考虑到隧洞埋深与孔径相比比较大,从而不考虑重力梯度的影响,将重力化为作用在边界上的均布外荷载,考虑2个隧洞衬砌法向反力的影响,求解出弹性半空间内圆形双隧洞任意一点处的应力值和位移值解析解的具体显式表达式。最后利用二维有限元分析对理论推导的两圆形孔洞解析解进行验证,表明解的可靠性。     

海底隧道衬砌结构静力分析

1前言世界发达国家自上世纪三十年代起,就开始修建海底隧道。日本在1936年9月开始动工修建关门海底隧道,于1994年全部竣工,是世界上最早的海底隧道之一。日本青函隧道全长53.85 km,海底部分长23.0 km,位于火山岩、沉积岩中,有多处裂缝、断层。挪威是世界上采用钻爆法修建海底隧     

Numerical modeling of time-dependent deformation and induced stresses in concrete pipes constructed in Queenston shale using micro-tunneling technique

Effects of time-dependent deformation (TDD) on a tunnel constructed using the micro-tunneling technique in Queenston shale (QS) are investigated employing the finite element method. The TDD and strength parameters of the QS were measured from tests conducted on QS specimens soaked in water and lubricant fluids (LFs) used in micro-tunneling such as bentonite and polymer solutions. The numerical model was verified using the results of TDD tests performed on QS samples, field measurements of some documented projects, and the closed-form solutions to circular tunnels in swelling rock. The verified model was then employed to conduct a parametric study considering important micro-tunneling design parameters, such as depth and diameter of the tunnel, in situ stress ratio (K_o), and the time lapse prior to replacing LFs with permanent cement grout around the tunnel. It was revealed that the time lapse plays a vital role in controlling deformations and associated stresses developed in the tunnel lining. The critical case of a pipe or tunnel in which the maximum tensile stress develops at its springline occurs when it is constructed at shallow depths in the QS layer. The results of the parametric study were used to suggest recommendations for the construction of tunnels in QS employing micro-tunneling.     

盾构隧道叠交施工引起的土层位移场分布规律

考虑盾构隧道叠交施工之间的相互影响,应用边界单元法对相邻隧道开挖过程中的三种典型叠交位置关系,引起的地层位移场分布规律及相互影响进行分析。分析结果表明:单条隧道开挖引起的地表最大沉降值出现在隧道轴线的正上方,而两左右或上下相邻隧道开挖的地表及土层内部的最大沉降值则出现在两隧道的纵轴线之间,且偏向上方埋深较浅的隧道。隧道开挖引起的地层深层与浅层变形趋势是一致的,但在两隧道轴线上方深层土体的沉降要远比浅层土体大。叠交隧道的埋深及其相对空间位置关系对土层的位移场有较大的影响。     

Effect of Depth on the Seismic Response of Square Tunnels

Response of tunnels to earthquake induced loads is a complex dynamic soil-structure interaction problem. While there seems to be a general consensus that tunnels in rock perform adequately during earthquake events, the seismic performance of shallow tunnels in soils is less certain. More experimental and field data is needed to better understand the dynamic tunnel-soil interaction. In this paper, the behaviour of relatively shallow tunnels of square cross-section located in a sand deposit is investigated using dynamic centrifuge modelling and complimentary Finite Element analysis. Emphasis is given on the effect of tunnel axis depth on the seismic response of square tunnels. Dynamic centrifuge tests were carried out on model tunnels at different depths of embedment. Accelerations around the tunnel and earth pressures on the linings were measured. Tunnel deformations were also recorded using a fast digital camera. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analyses were conducted to measure soil and lining deformations. Results show that for the cases investigated, the depth of the tunnel does not effect the deformation pattern of the tunnel significantly during an earthquake event; however it affects the amount of amplification of accelerations through the tunnel, the magnitude of dynamic earth pressures and the magnitude of the lining forces.     

行波效应下曲线隧道动力响应解析解

隧道曲率变化段是制约隧道结构抗震安全性的关键控制区段,但目前隧道抗震设计仅以横断面剪切变形为主,未考虑隧道沿纵向的曲率半径变化,缺乏针对曲线隧道的纵向抗震简化分析方法。将曲线隧道沿纵向简化为作用在黏弹性地基上的变曲率有限长均质Euler-Bernoulli梁,基于Hamilton原理及黏弹性地基梁理论建立了结构的微分动力控制方程及边界条件,并通过模态叠加法进行求解,推导出任意动载作用下曲线隧道的位移、速度、加速度、弯矩、剪力等动力响应的解析表达式,以行波荷载为例,给出行波效应下曲线隧道动力响应的退化解答。通过与有限元基准模型在相同条件下的对比分析,验证了所推导解析解的正确性。最后应用该解析公式进行参数敏感性分析,揭示了隧道曲率半径、行波波速、行波频率及地层–结构相对刚度比等关键因素对曲线隧道结构动力响应的影响规律。     

深埋巷道的选型分析

深部岩体的力学特性不同于浅部岩体的力学特性,深埋巷道的结构形式是否合理对结构的承载能力和经济效果有很大影响。运用有限元方法,对五心拱、三心拱、1/2圆拱、圆拱、1/3圆拱和1/4圆拱模型的深埋单轨和双轨巷道在不同应力情况下进行数值计算,分析巷道周围的应力场和塑性区。计算结果表明,单轨巷道宜采用1/4圆拱模型,双轨巷道宜采用1/4圆拱或三心拱模型。     

Influence of blasting load directions on tunnel stability in fractured rock mass

Tunnels in fractured rock masses are typically damaged by dynamic disturbances from various directions. To investigate the influence of blasting load directions on the stability of a tunnel with a pre-crack nearby, blasting tests were conducted on the physical models of an external crack around a tunnel (ECT) in this study. Failure modes of the tunnels were analysed based on stress wave theory. The Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma (RHT) material model was employed to perform the numerical simulations on ECT models. Stress distribution around the tunnels and final failure patterns of the tunnels were characterised. The results show that, under blasting loads, the pre-crack propagates and then new cracks initiates on the incident side of the tunnel. These cracks extend towards each other and eventually coalesce. Blasting load directions significantly influence the ultimate failure mode of the tunnel in the fractured rock masses. The new cracks on the shadow side of the tunnel appear at different positions when the blasting stress waves come from various directions. The results are meaningful to the analysis of tunnel stability and optimisation of the tunnel support scheme.     

分岔隧道大拱段围岩稳定性监控 与爆破振动效应分析

 分岔隧道是一种新型的隧道结构形式,其设计方案、开挖支护方法对围岩稳定性至关重要。以沪蓉西高速公路庙垭隧道为工程背景,基于大拱段跨度大、浅埋等工程特点,通过围岩变形监测、支护体系受力监测和爆破振动现场监测,分析分岔隧道大拱段围岩变形特点和控制措施,并探讨爆破振动对浅埋地表稳定性的影响,得到浅埋大拱隧道施工开挖的围岩变形规律、支护体系受力状态以及其爆破振动效应的特点,判定浅埋山体的稳定性及支护参数选取的合理性。该研究为分岔隧道的现场施工提供了必要的依据,对今后类似工程的设计和施工具有重要的参考价值。     

层状地基中隧道开挖对临近既有隧道的影响分析

首次采用弹性层状半空间地基模型,建立了多层地基中隧道开挖对临近既有隧道影响的连续弹性分析方法,改变了过去采用简化分析方法仅能在均质地基中求解此类工程问题的状况。首先,采用Laplace积分变换得到了直角坐标系下单层地基应力和位移的初始函数,在此基础上,运用矩阵递推技术,给出了竖向荷载作用下层状地基中应力和位移的解析表达式并将其作为分析该问题的基本解。然后,采用弹性层状半空间地基模型将既有隧道视为Euler-Bernoulli梁,地基土体连续位移采用弹性层状半空间体系的基本解进行计算,并引入临近隧道开挖引起的土体自由位移场影响建立该问题的连续弹性求解方程,从而可以求得隧道纵向位移和内力。最后,结合离心模型试验和有限元数值模拟算例进行分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。此外,为考察地基土成层性对既有隧道性状的影响,还对几种典型层状地基中的隧道进行了参数分析。成果可为合理制定地下工程施工对临近既有隧道的保护措施提供一定的依据。