KF-KCl熔体中电沉积TiB2镀层

在铝工业中TiB2是一种非常有前途的阴极内衬取代材料.本研究首先通过热力学分析验证了在Ti-B-C体系生成TiB2的可能性,然后在K2TiF6和KBF4作为活性物质的KF-KCl熔体中以石墨为基体通过直流电沉积(CCP)和周期断开电流电沉积(PIC)技术制备了TiB2镀层,并且研究了电流密度和电镀技术对镀层表面平整度、致密度和晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明,当电流密度为0.8 A/cm2时,能够得到厚度均匀且和基体具有良好附着的TiB2镀层;和CCP相比,采用PIC技术制备的TiB2镀层表面平整度和致密度都得到明显改善,并且晶粒也更为细小.XRD分析表明镀层由相对纯净的TiB2组成,并且镀层择优取向均为(001)面,这和二维晶核理论的预测相吻合.     

高择优取向TiB2电沉积层的制备及其表征

在KF-KCl体系中通过电沉积方法（直流电沉积CCP和周期断开电流电沉积PIC），以K2TiF6和KBF4作为活性物质在石墨基体上制备了高择优取向的TiB2镀层。用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了阴极电流密度对TiB2镀层晶粒尺寸、择优取向、微观应力及晶格常数的影响。结果表明，晶粒尺寸随电流密度增加而变小，这是过电位增加提高了形核速率所致，相对CCP而言，PIC制备的TiB2镀层具有更小的晶粒，这是因为PIC通过增加扩散层内离子的浓度减弱了浓差极化，提高了形核率所致；本实验条件下制备的TiB2镀层择优取向均为（001）面，这可用二维晶核理论来解释；无论CCP还是PIC，制备的TiB2镀层的晶格常数均和理论值有所偏差，这是镀层中存在的应力引起的；另外，还通过热力学预测、XRD和界面能谱（EDS）证实了镀层和基体间的结合为物理结合，界面处的裂纹可能是镀层和基体间热膨胀系数存在差异造成的。     

(TiB_2 TiAl_3)/AlSi_6Cu_4复合材料的研究

利用K2 TiF6 KBF4混合盐和AlSi6 Cu4熔体反应可以制备TiB2 TiAl3颗粒增强AlSi6 Cu4基复合材料。通过XRD和SEM等仪器对复合材料的凝固组织和力学性能进行了研究 ,随K2 TiF6 和KBF4混合盐加入量的增加 ,原位反应生成的颗粒尺寸减小 ,分布更均匀 ;所得到的AlSi6 Cu4复合材料的强度比AlSi6 Cu4基体明显提高。     

（TiB2＋TiAl3）／AlSi6Cu4复合材料的研究

利用K2TiF6 KBF4混合盐和AlSi6Cu4熔体反应可以制备TiB2 TiAl3颗粒增强AlSi6Cu4基复合材料。通过XRD和SEM等仪器对复合材料的凝固组织和力学性能进行了研究,随K2TiF6和KBF4混合盐加入量的增加,原位反应生成的颗粒尺寸减小,分布更均匀;所得到的AlSi6Cu4复合材料的强度比AlSi6Cu4基体明显提高。     

原位合成A356／TiB2复合材料的微观组织及力学行为

采用混合盐反应工艺制备了A356／TiB2铝基复合材料，通过OM，XRD，SEM，TEM和力学拉伸试验等材料分析方法测试了所合成复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。研究表明：K2TiF6和KBF4混合盐在A356铝合金熔体温度850℃时反应生成的增强体为棒状和粒状TiB2，并在基体中呈均匀弥散分布，增强体与基体间未发生界面反应。由于原位TiB2颗粒的强化和细化晶粒作用，使复合材料的力学性能明显提高，经热处理后共晶Si发生球化。复合材料拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征，增强颗粒与基体间界面的破坏以脱开机制为主。     

原位反应合成TiB2的生长行为

研究了(K2TiF6 KBF4)/A356混合盐反应体系中原位合成TiB2增强相的热力学行为及其晶体生长行为.结果表明,原位反应温度明显影响反应体系最终产物及TiB2增强相的形貌.(K2TiF6 KBF4)/A356体系原位反应温度应控制在850 ℃为宜,由此可以完全消除TiAl3脆性相,并生成六棱粒状TiB2增强相颗粒,提高增强相强化效果.     

原位增强TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料的组织与力学性能

通过不同配比的混合盐体系(K2TiF6-KBF4-Na3AlF6-Al-4.5Cu )制备原位增强TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,分析该复合材料的凝固组织,测试其力学性能,并与基体合金进行对比.结果表明:K2TiF6-KBF4-Na3AlF6在Al-4.5Cu合金熔体中能够反应生成弥散分布的TiB2颗粒,从而起到细化和强化基体的作用.当K2TiF6和KBF4混合物加入量w为基体的20%时,复合材料的力学性能最优,抗拉强度σb达到414.3 MPa,伸长率δ为4.2%,硬度HB为132,分别比基体提高54%,35%,40%.     

钠和电解质对阴极炭块及TiB2镀层的渗透

把无烟煤阴极炭块和由电沉积得到的TiB2镀层作为阴极，在工业铝电解的条件下电解4小时，考察钠和电解质对它们的渗透腐蚀。实验结果表明：由酚酞试剂的检测钠对阴极炭块的渗透深度达到16mm,对TiB2镀层的渗透深度为零；钠和电解质主要渗透到阴极炭块的孔隙，钠比电解质渗透的深。由扫描电镜的分析结果表明：Na和F元素渗透到石墨基体的量很少，元素铝相对较多，TiB2镀层阻碍了钠的产生并减缓了钠的渗透，但没有改变钠的渗透机理。同时，镀层与基体的结合力是很好的，铝对TiB2镀层的湿润性很好。     

稀土对TiB_2/7055复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用K2TiF6和KBF4混合盐原位反应法制备TiB2/7055复合材料,研究了稀土对复合材料铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：添加0.3%稀土可以显著细化复合材料的铸态组织,晶粒尺寸从200μm减小到40μm左右。同时,TiB2颗粒得到细化,其平均尺寸约为100 nm;TiB2颗粒在基体上的分布也更加均匀。经过480℃固溶60 min、120℃时效24 h后复合材料抗拉强度达到690 MPa,伸长率达到5.5%。     

铝电解质对TiB2镀层的渗透

采用熔盐体系在石墨基体上电沉积制备了TiB2镀层．将TiB2镀层和铝电解阴极碳块和石墨分别作为阴极，考察了Na和电解质对其渗透腐蚀．电解4h后，由酚酞试剂检测表明，Na对TiB2镀层的渗透深度为零，对阴极炭块的渗透深度为16mm，对石墨的渗透深度为4mm．电子探针的分析结果指出，Na和F元素渗透到石墨基体的量很少，元素Al相对较多，TiB2镀层阻碍了Na的产生并减缓了Na的渗透，但没有改变Na的渗透机理．同时。镀层与基体的结合力良好，Al对TiB2镀层的湿润性良好．     

Preparation of highly preferred orientation TiB2 coatings

This paper focuses on the preparation of titanium diboride （TiB2） coatings on the graphite substrate by continuous current plating （CCP） and pulse current plating （PIC） electrochemical techniques in fluoride electrolytes （LiF-NaF-KF） containing K2T1F6 and KBF4 as the electrochemically-active components at 700℃. Thick leveled and uniform coatings were obtained and were composed of relatively pure TiB2. The effect of the experimental parameters on the microstructure of the coatings was studied. The results showed the electrodeposition with PIC produced coatings with better quality, when compared with those obtained by CCP, under the conditions of the current density i = 0.6 A/cm^2, frequency = 100 Hz, and todtofr = 4/1. XRD analysis indicated that the preferred orientation of coatings is （110） plane, which is in accordance with the prediction of the two-dimensional crystal nuclei theory. The effect of a ratio of ton/toff and frequency on the crystal size, textule coefficient and microstress was also investigated.     

原位TiB2/Al-5Cu复合材料的固溶时效行为

采用KBF4和K2TiF6混合盐反应工艺制备了原位TiB2颗粒增强Al-5Cu复合材料。运用XRD,扫描电镜和维氏硬度测量仪等材料分析手段研究了复合材料的微观组织和固溶时效行为。研究结果表明,原位内生TiB2颗粒不仅显著细化了复合材料的凝固组织,而且使材料的硬度明显提高。TiB2颗粒的引入加速了复合材料的时效进程,这是由于TiB2颗粒与基体合金的热膨胀系数差别较大,固溶淬火时由热错配产生的空位和高密度位错促进了过渡相的形核和长大。     

原位合成TiB2和Al3Ti对ZL201的晶粒细化效果

以工业纯铝、氟钛酸钾和氟硼酸钾为原料 ,通过原位反应合成的 Al-5Ti-B中间合金中 ,Ti B2 和 Al3Ti颗粒细小且弥散分布 ,对铝及 Al-Cu系合金有显著的晶粒细化效果 ,并且能大幅度提高 ZL 2 0 1合金的力学性能     

CeO_2添加剂在原位TiB_2颗粒增强2014铝合金复合材料中的作用(英文)

将K2TiF6和KBF4混合盐与铝合金熔体通过放热反应法制备原位TiB2颗粒增强2014铝合金基复合材料。研究CeO2添加剂对原位TiB2/2014铝基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在高温时添加CeO2与添加Ce的作用相同;当添加0.5%CeO2时,TiB2颗粒在基体中的分散性大幅度提高,颗粒与基体的界面清晰,在复合材料制备过程中颗粒没有明显的沉降现象。解释了TiB2颗粒在2014铝合金基体中的分散机理。加入CeO2的复合材料,其铸态硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率有较大提高。     

Investigation on microstructure and internal friction for low density TiB_2/ZL114 composites

TiB2/ZL114 composites with the density of 2.733 g/cm3 were fabricated through reaction of K2TiF4 and KBF4 (LSM method). The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The internal friction measurements were performed on DTM-Ⅱ-J dynamic modulus damping an-alyzer and the mechanisms were investigated. Experimental results indicate that reinforced particles are well-distributed in the matrix and the internal friction value of TiB2/ZL114 composites is up to a maximum of 9.04x10-3, almost twice that of ZL114. The internal friction results form dislocation vibration within the material,the sliding of grain boundary and phase interface, and together with the micro-plastic deformation caused by difference in coefficients of thermal expansion and elasticity modulus of various phases. The average internal friction values of samples with the sizes of 40 min×4 mm×2 mm, 40 mm×8 mm×2 mm and 40 mm×25 mm×2 mm are 8.83x 10-3, 8.89x 10-3, and 8.93×10-3, respectively. Thus, the developed composites are of low density, high internal friction, and the sizes of samples have no relation to the internal friction behavior.     

Microstructure and properties of in situ A356/TiB2 composite

In situ A356/TiB2 composites were successfully fabricated via in-melt reaction among aluminium alloy, K2TiF6 and KBF4 compounds. The composite was examined by using XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. The experimental results reveal that TiB2 are dispersed homogeneously into the aluminium alloy matrix. The mechanical properties of the composites increase significantly with the addition of reinforcement, and the tensile fractography of the composite exhibits to be ductile though the elongation of the composites decreases compared with the unreinforced matrix alloy.     

Preparation of TiB2 coatings by electroplating in molten salt

Titanium diboride （TIB2） coatings were prepared by electroplating in fluoride-chloride electrolytes （KF-KC1） containing K2T1F6 and KBF4 as the electrochemically-active components. An attempt was made to correlate the thermodynamic prediction and experimental observations. Thick, adherent, and uniform TtB2 coatings were obtained and the coating microhardness reaches the value of 33 GPa. The effects of the current density on the mechanical properties, structures, and morphologies of the coatings were studied. XRD analysis indicates that the preferred orientation of the coatings is （001）, which is in accordance with the prediction of the two-dimensional crystal nuclei theory. Thermodynamic prediction and experimental results show that some phases such as TixCy and BaCb are absent at the interface, which indicates the substrate and coatings bind mechanically or physically. Some cracks exist at the interface, which is attributed to the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of TiB2 and graphite.