H_2O_2处理H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2光催化降解有机染料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法将Keggin型H4Si W12O40负载在Si O2上,并用30%H2O2溶液对其进行敏化,制得H4Si W12O40/Si O2/H2O2光催化剂,分别利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对该光催化剂进行表征分析,结果表明H4Si W12O40高度分散在Si O2上,并且经过H2O2溶液处理的光催化剂在935.2 cm-1出现了一个较弱的过氧基吸收峰,这与过氧多酸化合物的吸收峰较一致。另外,进行甲基橙模拟废水溶液在黑暗条件下的吸附-脱附平衡实验,结果表明在30 min达到吸附-脱附平衡,故优化组实验选择在黑暗下搅拌30 min以达到吸附-脱附平衡。接着对甲基橙的初始浓度、溶液p H以及催化剂用量进行优化。实验发现,在甲基橙初始浓度为15 mg·L-1,溶液p H为1.0,催化剂的用量为6 g·L-1的优化情况下,光降解3.0 h,甲基橙的降解率达到99.0%,H4Si W12O40/Si O2/H2O2光催化降解甲基橙溶液的过程符合一级动力学反应规律;且H4Si W12O40/Si O2/H2O2对甲基紫、孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B和甲基红均具有较高的光催化活性,降解率达87.5%~100.0%。     

纳米Fe2O3对甲基橙、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的光催化降解研究

以水热法制备的纳米Fe2O3作为光催化剂,在加入H2O2条件下,以高压汞灯为光源,对甲基橙(MO)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和罗丹明B(RhB)等染料进行光催化降解研究.实验表明:在相同光源与相等光强等条件下,当Fe2O3与H2O2的添加量一定时,罗丹明B最易降解,亚甲基蓝次之,而甲基橙的降解最慢,且更易受其他实验条件影响.     

复合催化剂TiO2/Fe2O3的制备及其光催化性能

以Fe2O3和TiCl4为原料,通过水解法制备Fe2O3/TiO2包覆型复合光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM进行表征。以甲基橙为模型污染物,比较了Fe2O3、TiO2和TiO2/Fe2O3的光催化活性,确定了Fe2O3和TiO2的最佳配比,同时探讨了反应机理。     

纳米TiO2光催化水泥降解甲基橙的研究

光催化剂与建筑材料的结合是光催化领域一个重要的发展方向.文中以添加纳米TiO2的水泥为研究对象,以甲基橙的光催化降解活性为指标,考察了光催化水泥用量、水泥中TiO2的含量、水泥水化龄期以及甲基橙初始浓度对甲基橙降解效果的影响.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的初始浓度为5 mg/L,光催化水泥用量为3 g/L,水泥中TiO2含量为5%时,光催化效率最高;延长水泥水化龄期,光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能和降解性能均有所下降;提高甲基橙初始浓度,可以增强光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能,当初始浓度达到15 mg/L时,光催化水泥的吸附量可达54.5%.     

W,N共掺杂TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4磁性光催化剂研究

以Fe3O4纳米颗粒为内核,SiO2惰性层为隔离层和钛酸四正丁酯为前驱体,钨酸铵、硝酸铵为掺杂源,采用低温溶胶法制备磁负载型的钨、氮共掺杂二氧化钛磁性光催化剂;通过XRD、SEM、DRS和IR等表征手段,对低温溶胶制备磁负载型的钨、氮共掺杂的二氧化钛磁性光催化剂的性质进行研究。结果表明:催化剂为锐钛矿晶型,球形纳米颗粒,禁带宽度降低了0.66eV。以氙灯模拟太阳光降解甲基橙,光照1h,催化剂降解率均达到90%以上。     

TiO2掺杂CeO2催化超声降解甲基橙

以合成TiO2掺杂CeO2作为催化剂,以超声降解甲基橙反应为模型,研究了各种因素对TiO2掺杂CeO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明,在TiO2(掺杂CeO2)催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于单纯以锐钛矿型TiO2催化时的情况。TiO2(掺杂CeO2)用量为0.5 g/L～1.0 g/L、超声波频率为25 kHz、输出功率为1.0 W/cm2、pH值为1.0～3.0时,初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙水溶液在80 min左右基本可降解完全,COD的去除率达到了99.0%。     

光催化功能Fe_2O_3/TiO_2陶瓷的制备及其光降解特性

以九水硝酸铁和硫酸钛为原料,利用共沉淀法合成了Fe2O3/TiO2混合粉体,粉体压制成型的素坯经过高温烧结制备Fe2O3/TiO2陶瓷。通过XRD、SEM分析Fe2O3/TiO2多孔陶瓷的物相和微观结构,并通过对甲基蓝溶液(浓度为25mg/L)的降解研究其光催化性能和循环使用性能。结果表明:紫外和可见光条件下,该陶瓷第一次使用时对甲基蓝溶液的最大降解率分别是80%和94%,循环使用三次后,最大降解率分别仅下降16%和17%。所制备的Fe2O3/TiO2陶瓷具有良好的光催化性能和循环使用性能,且利于收集,可以广泛应用于污水处理。     

低温合成TiO2/Fe3O4磁载光催化剂的光催化性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成的磁性纳米Fe3O4为磁核,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法,在较低温度下合成了TiO2/Fe3O4磁性光催化剂.利用XRD、TEM、SEM-EDX等分析方法对合成催化剂的相组成、形貌、粒度、元素分布等进行了表征;研究了不同焙烧温度及TiO2/Fe3O4比例对降解罗丹明B光催化活性及磁分离回收性能的影响.结果表明,在100、300和450℃焙烧温度下磁性光催化剂的催化活性依次降低,较低温度(100℃)制备的催化剂具备较高的催化活性;当TiO2质量分数处于67.3%～73.0%时,催化剂既具有较高的光催化降解活性也具有较好的磁分离回收性能;光催化剂TiO2/Fe3O4(100℃,TiO2质量分数70%)在循环使用5次后,在降解75 min时仍能达到对罗丹明B 99%的脱色率和90%的回收率.     

(BiO)_2CO_3光催化剂的制备及性能

以硝酸铋和碳酸钠为原料在60℃条件下合成次碳酸铋((Bi O)2CO3)光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝、苯酚和甲基橙为光催化反应的模型化合物,考察了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂在紫外光和可见光下光催化活性;以对苯二甲酸作为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术,研究了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂表面羟基自由基的生成;添加各种清除剂,探究了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂起主要催化作用的基团。结果表明:(Bi O)2CO3具有很好的可见光和紫外光光催化活性。紫外光照射下(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂比Ti O2光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性;在紫外光条件下(Bi O)2CO3和Ti O2光催化降解苯酚、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝的活性依次增高,并且,(Bi O)2CO3光催化降解甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的降解率分别达到94.3%,95.6%。可见光条件照射下,各种清除剂对(Bi O)2CO3光催化降解甲基橙的影响表明,反应体系所产生的·OH,h+,·O-2都起着很重要的催化降解作用,其中·O-2起着最主要的作用。     

Ag/AgCl复合粉末的制备及光催化性能研究

AgCl光催化剂可以有效避免纳米TiO_2只对紫外光响应造成的缺陷和不足。围绕Ag/AgCl复合粉体的制备及其对催化降解有机污染物的性能进行研究,采用四种不同的方法制备了Ag/AgCl复合粉体,在波长λ420 nm的可见光下考察了Ag/AgCl复合粉体对甲基橙的降解能力,并探讨了其催化机理。结果发现,催化剂的活性与复合粉体样品的形貌结构有很大关联。以AgNO_3作为Ag源,利用乙醇将部分AgNO_3还原为纳米银颗粒,并利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为高分子保护剂制备出的Ag/AgCl复合粉体表现出良好的可见光催化活性和稳定性,在20 min内几乎将甲基橙完全降解,该光催化剂对甲基橙的一级降解反应常数为4.99×10~(-2)。     

CaO—SiO2—Na2O—CaF2—Al2O3—MgO保护渣系的Al2O3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2O3吸收速率,研究连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下,当CaO/SiO2为1.2左右时,粘度达到最小值,Al2O3吸收速率达到最大值,分别为0.10?Pa*s、8.403×10-4?kg*m-2*s-1。随着渣中Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加,粘度减小,Al2O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加,粘度增大,Al2O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加,连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

Effects of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coating on electrochemical performance of LiCoO2

Commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2 for improving its performance in lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material were characterized by scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance including cycling stability, diffusion coefficient under different volt-age, C-rate discharge of the batteries with this modified cathode material was examined. The results showed that the battery with the coated cathode material could discharge at a large current density, and it possessed a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 V to 4.2 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the batteries using SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coated layer could act as a fast ion conductor (Sr0.5La0.05Li0.35Ti0.5Ta0.5O3) and as a protecting shell to prevent LiCoO2 particles from be-ing attacked by the acidic electrolyte.     

Effects of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2- Coating on Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO2 Cathode

Conventional cathode material （LiCoO2） was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor （La2O3/Li2O/TiO2）.     

Reduction of solid wustite in H2/H2O/CO/CO2 gas mixtures

The reduction of dense wustite in H₂/H₂O/CO/CO₂ gas mixtures has been carried out at temperatures between 1073 and 1373 K. The critical conditions for the formation of porous iron product morphologies have been identified and the results discussed in relation to the breakdown of dense iron layers on wustite surfaces. Formerly with the University of Queensland.     

Kinetics of reduction of ferric iron in Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slags under argon, CO-CO2, or H2-H2O

The rates of reduction of ferric iron in Fe₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags containing 3 to 21 wt pct Fe₂O₃ under impinging argon, CO-CO₂, or H₂-H₂O have been studied at 1370 °C under conditions of enhanced mass transfer in the slag using a rotating alumina disc just in contact with the slag surface. For a 6 wt pct Fe slag at a stirring speed of 900 rpm the observed reduction rates by 50 pct H₂-H₂O were a factor of 2 to 3 times higher than those by 50 pct CO-CO₂ and more than one order of magnitude higher than those under pure argon. The observed rates were analyzed to determine the rate-controlling mechanisms for the present conditions. Analysis of the rate data suggests that the rates under 50 pct H₂-H₂O are predominantly controlled by the slag mass transfer. The derived values of the mass-transfer coefficient followed a square-root dependence on the stirring speed for a given slag and, at a given stirring speed, a linear function of the total iron content of the slags. The rates of oxygen evolution during reduction under pure argon were shown to be consistent with a rate-controlling mechanism involving a fast chemical reaction at the interface and relatively slow mass transfer in the gaseous and the slag phases. The rates of reduction by CO-CO₂ (pCO=0.02 to 0.82 atm) were found to be likely of a mixed control by the slag mass transfer and the interfacial reaction. A significant contribution of oxygen evolution to the overall rates was observed for more-oxidized slags and for experiments with relatively low values of pCO. Assuming a parallel reaction mechanism, the estimated net reduction rates due to CO were found to be of the first order in pCO, with the first-order rate constants being approximately a linear function of the ferric concentration. This article is based on a presentation made in the “Geoffrey Belton Memorial Symposium” held in January 2000, in Sydney, Australia, under the joint sponsorship of ISS and TMS. The original symposium appeared in the October 2000 Vol. 31B issue.     

Synthesis of ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3-Sc2O3 Nano-Particles by Sol-Gel Technique in Aqueous Solution of Alcohol

Zirconium dioxide is a significant material withgood physicochemical characteristics . It is used inmanyfields such as energysources ,material and envi-ronment . Cubic phase zirconium dioxide doped withyttria (YSZ) is alreadyin wide use in solid oxygenfu-…