炼油厂酸性水汽提装置的改造与运行

为了回收部分氨并使工业废水的排放达到环保要求，１９９８年林源炼油厂对其酸性水汽提装置进行了改造，经过采取换大侧线冷却器，改进压力控制方案等措施后，使产品氨气的体积分数达到９９％以上，并使净化污水的排放达到环保要求。     

大庆10万t／a乙苯项目

中科院大连化物所和抚顺石油二厂研究开发的催化裂化干气制乙苯第三代、第四代新技术，在大庆林源炼油厂开始工业应用。据悉，采用这一成套技术建设的10万t/a的乙苯生产装置已于8月中旬在大庆林源炼油厂正式动工．     

催化裂化干气制乙苯技术工业化加快

中科院大连化物所和抚顺石油二厂研究开发的催化裂化干气制乙苯第三代、第四代新技术，在大庆林源炼油厂开始工业化应用。记获悉，采用这一成套技术建设的10万吨／年的乙苯生产装置已于8月中旬在大庆林源炼油厂正式动工，我国催化裂化干气制乙苯成套技术工业化应用速度明显加快。     

信息

我公司浮法氮氧站的三台6L-48／5．75型无润滑空气压缩机由于运转周期长，所使用冷却水的质量不是太好，所以中间冷却器和后冷却器芯子中经常结满水垢，导致对压缩空气的冷却效果大大降低，特别是在夏季，水垢的影响更大。我公司对此动了不少脑筋，试过不少方法，下面就介绍其中一种可行的除垢方法——酸洗法。     

空压机冷却器芯子除水垢的处理方法

我公司浮法氮氧站的三台6L--48/5.75型无润滑空气压缩机由于运转周期长,所使用冷却水的质量不是太好,所以中间冷却器和后冷却器芯子中经常结满水垢,导致对压缩空气的冷却效果大大降低,特别是在夏季,水垢的影响更大.我公司对此动了不少脑筋,试过不少方法,下面就介绍其中一种可行的除垢方法--酸洗法.     

对榆林炼油厂180万吨/年催化裂化装置工艺管道试压的技术探讨

榆林炼油厂180万吨/年催化裂化装置工艺管道安装总量为39222米,其中碳钢管33796米,不锈钢管道1000米,合金钢管道4426米。该装置工艺管道系统工作介质多、试压系统大、管线跨区域多。在装置4月初开始工艺管道系统试压工作以来,用了不到一个月时间将试压工作顺利完成,给装置保质保量的按期中交夯实了坚定的基础。在整个催化装置工艺管道试压过程中,严格的按照工艺管道压力试验试压包机制进行,建立了一个有序、严密、高效的试压程序。     

空压机油冷却器的胶接修复

空压机润滑油温的冷却,一般多采用管壳式冷却器,它主要由筒体、封盖和芯子所组成。芯子为列管式管芯,管芯两头涨接或焊接在两端的隔板上。空压机在使用中,冷却器管芯受水的腐蚀很容易锈坏,修复特别困难。普遍采用更换管芯的办法,将更换的管芯用涨接器涨接或采用焊接工艺。但由于管     

L型压缩机冷却系统的并联和混联配置

L3.3—17/320型氢氮压缩机为七级压缩,冷却系统Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三级为管壳式冷却器,Ⅵ、Ⅴ、N、Ⅶ四级为淋洒式冷却器。冷却系统并联配置是冷却水总管分出四个支管,三支分别去Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级冷却器,一支去淋洒式冷却器。混联配置是冷却水总管分出三个支管分别去Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级冷却器,然     

管壳式浓硫酸冷却器简介

硫酸生产是一个高度放热过程。对热能的处理,过去一直沿用淋洒式铸铁排管冷却器冷却浓硫酸,热全被大量冷却水带走,无法加以利用。这种设备维护费用高,传热效率低,设备庞大笨重,占地大,且漏酸频繁,造成装置非计划停车较多。针对上述问题,Chemetics 国际公司于六十年代初着手开发一种较好的浓硫酸冷却器——带阳极保护的管壳式酸冷却器。这种酸冷却器有如下优点:     

波面板SO3冷却器的应用

波面板ＳＯ３冷却器的应用马文华（吉化集团染料厂１３２０２１）吉化染料厂在１９９６年１月与大连长风机器制造有限公司合作,将其开发的波面板换热器元件组合设计成波面板气体冷却器,应用于硫酸装置转化后ＳＯ３炉气的冷却,以代替原有的管排式ＳＯ３冷却器。该工程分...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.