社会源废电子电器收集的顾客需求分析

分析了废电子电器收集中存在的顾客需求.在废电子电器收集中,废物的妥善收集属于基本型需求,必须无条件予以满足;废物收集的便利性和服务的舒适性正越来越凸显出其重要性;经济回报对大多数消费者来说仍有一定吸引力;社会承认需求目前还比较弱,但将很快成为废电子电器收集的重要推动力量.为满足这些顾客需求,应建立健全社会源废电子电器收集渠道,切实满足消费者的便利性需求,确定合理的经济回报水平,加强环保宣传,提高消费者环保意识和社会责任感.     

泥浆精细化处理装置在钻井施工中的应用

绿色勘查已成为现在地质勘查工作的新常态,传统的地质勘查方法已不能满足现阶段绿色勘探的需求。钻井废浆主要通过泥浆池储存,完井后利用罐车将井场泥浆坑中的钻井废浆运至集中坑池固化处理,井场泥浆池使用防渗隔膜防止污染,但隔膜破损常常发生、井场泥浆洒落时有发生;完钻后的泥浆池恢复,多以掩埋为主,池内残留废浆未做进一步处理,重金属往往超标严重,这与绿色勘探背道而驰。本文分析钻井所产生的废物和论述了泥浆精细化处理技术来控制污染的来源,减少废弃物排放,降低环境污染风险,满足绿色勘查的需求,实现钻井清洁化的生产目标。     

铸造废砂资源化研究分析

综合分析了以铸造废砂为主要原料制造建筑墙体材料、装饰材料等工艺、技术、经济指标 ,结果表明 :铸造废砂资源化将产生显著的社会、经济和环保效应     

国外文献、专利题录及文摘

文章分析了地下资源综合开发的主要任务及其有关的地质和工艺的研究结果,并从综合利用角度出发进行了地下资源的社会-经济调查,矿床的开采和矿物原料的加工采用少废、无废工艺,开采空间的合理利用;指出在探矿中,准确确定伴生矿物、剥离岩石和选矿尾矿的国民经济需求;矿产品需求要作科学、合理的预测;今后科研的主要方向。对矿产资源进行综合开发的经济论证,     

满足顾客需求是企业发展的基础

通过对顾客需求和顾客满意对企业发展的作用分析,提出企业应以顾客为关注焦点,采取相应措施,满足顾客需求并超越其期望,提高顾客满意度,促进企业发展。     

废钻井液无害化处理发展概况

综述了近年来废钻井液无害化处理发展概况，介绍了国内外废钻井液处理技术现状及发展趋势，并对废钻井液处理方法作了评述，认为废钻井液处理技术是一种技术上和经济上都可行的处理方法。处理废钻井液意义固然重大，减少钻井废物的产生量更应引起高度重视。     

昔日盐碱地 今日变良田——抚顺矿业集团研发中心固体废弃物变废为“肥”,助力土壤改良

题记:随着我国工业的迅速发展,工业废物也日益增加。因此,工业固废资源化利用显得尤为重要。早在上世纪末,抚顺矿业集团公司便开始为这些固体废弃物寻找经济有效的利用途径,力求最大限度地实现物尽其用。近年来,抚顺矿业集团公司认真践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"新时代环保发展理念,逐步延伸循环经济产业链,依托工程技术研究中心,组建了辽宁省固体废弃物产业技术研究院,全面建设油页岩废渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰综合利用实验区,力争完成产业化的"最后一公里",全力打造国家级大宗固废综合利用示范基地。     

铝电解槽废耐火材料的危害与处理方法的研究现状

铝电解槽破损后产生大量的废耐火材料。通过对废耐火材料进行物相与成分分析及溶出试验研究,得出铝电解槽废耐火材料主要成分为霞石和氟化物电解质,溶出后溶液显碱性,氟离子大量进入溶液,废耐火材料的主要危害来自于其所含有的可溶氟化物组分。通过对现有的铝电解槽废耐火材料主要处理工艺的优缺点进行分析,得出真空还原蒸馏法在实现废耐火材料中氟化物电解质和金属钠回收的同时也实现了废耐火材料的再生,可实现废耐火材料的全组分回收利用,是一种经济环保的处理方法。      

沸石用于放射性废树脂水泥固化

沸石具有选择吸附^127Cs、^90Sr放射性核素的良好性能。在模拟含Cs、Sr的放射性废树脂水泥固化配方中加入一定量沸石，可使固化体结构更趋致密，能提高固化体抗压强度，利用沸石对Cs^＋、Sr^2＋离子的吸附作用，可以降低Cs、Sr浸出率，从而提高废树脂包容率。试验优选配方中天然沸石加入量为9％，废树脂包容率提高20％，固化体抗压强度和Cs、Sr浸出率满足国家有关废物处置标准。     

煤矿热能综合利用系统设计方案

利用热能综合利用系统收集本矿区空压机余热、中央空调冷却塔余热、井口排风余热、洗浴废热污水余热、井下排水余热等余热资源。通过利用热能综合利用系统对收集的余热再分配为煤矿洗浴热水、衣服烘干、井口防冻和建筑物采暖等提供热源,替代锅炉,满足生产、生活需求。该设计方案符合环保部门相关要求,安全可靠,同时又为煤矿节约了生产成本。     

Aqueous metal recovery techniques from e-scrap: Hydrometallurgy in recycling

Waste of electric-electronic equipment (WEEE) with an annual growth rate of about 3-5% is the fastest growing waste stream in municipal wastes. Notwithstanding their environmental pollution potential, waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with their high content of base and precious metals, in particular, are regarded as a potential secondary resource when compared with ores. For the recovery of metals from WEEE, various treatment options based on conventional physical, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes are available. These process options with particular reference to hydrometallurgical processes were reviewed in this study. With their relatively low capital cost, reduced environmental impact (e.g. no hazardous gases/dusts), potential for high metal recoveries and suitability for small scale applications, hydrometallurgical processes are promising options for the treatment of WEEE. Since the metals are present in native form and/or as alloys, an oxidative leaching process is required for the effective extraction of base and precious metals of interest. A two-stage process based on oxidative acid leaching of base metals (Cu in particular) followed by leaching of precious metals using cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea or halide as lixiviant(s) can be suitably developed for the hydrometallurgical treatment of WEEE. However, further research is required to develop new, cost effective and environmentally friendly processes and/or refine existing ones for leaching and, in particular, downstream processes.     

Characterizing plastics originating from WEEE: A case study in France

Two studies, TRIPLE (For Analyse des gisements DEEE et optimisation des technologies de TRI des PLastiques DEEE (analysis of WEEE and optimization of sorting technologies for WEEE plastics).) and VALEEE (For VALorisation des composants, matières et substances issus du gisement DEEE (Recovery of components, materials and substances from WEEE).), supported by the French State, the Greater Lyon area (Grand-Lyon), the Rhône-Alpes Region and the French eco-organization “Eco-systèmes”, and involving laboratories, recycled material users and recycler partners, were conducted concerning the characterization, sorting and recovery of French WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment).To determine the heterogeneity of a 10-ton batch, the WEEE was sorted into families before grinding. Specimens were dismantled and plastic particles were analyzed to estimate their composition. The batch was then crushed and the metals extracted.The residue containing plastics was sampled at the outlet of the plant and analyzed. The detailed characterization of the plastics sample was used to calculate the estimated sampling error and the overall measurement error. The sample size was determined so as to achieve satisfactory accuracy for the most represented polymers likely to be recovered after recycling.A simple characterization methodology for use by recycling plants was proposed in order to determine the plastic composition of this waste. The procedure was validated on a second 10-ton batch of sWEEE collected from another location and treated by a different recycling facility.This article presents the sampling protocol design methodology, then the characterization protocol and its usage limitations.     

浮法玻璃生产线含油废水脱色技术研究

通过对浮法玻璃生产线含油废水的分析，研究出一种新的脱色剂＋混凝剂废水脱色技术，既满足环保达标排放的要求，又减少了运行费用，达到保护环境的目的。     

The effect of flotation and parameters for bioleaching of printed circuit boards

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is currently one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. Typical for WEEE is the high content of valuable and precious metals, as well as harmful contaminants like halogens, flame retardant chemicals and plastics. Currently, WEEE treatment and metal recovery methods are imperfect, polluting and energy intensive. In this paper, novel treatment possibilities are outlined for printed circuit boards (PCB) utilizing both the flotation separation technique and acid bioleaching. Flotation, conducted after crushing and sieving of PCB, produced two fractions: metal-rich concentrate, which is more suitable for pyrometallurgical treatment than untreated PCB, and metal-poor froth suitable for acid bioleaching. It was seen that especially low pH (1.6), high initial Fe²⁺ concentration (7.8 g/l) and low PCB froth concentration in the bioleaching solution (50 g/l) were beneficial for the rapid and selective dissolution of copper. With these parameters, 99% of copper was solubilized from PCB froth in bioreactor treatment, with Cu (6.8 g/l) and Fe (7.0 g/l) being the only major metallic elements in bioleaching solution.     

南美热带雨林地区露天金属矿山排土场施工措施及方法

南美洲热带雨林地区有着多雨的气候和复杂的地质条件,在露天金属矿山开采施工过程中,既要保证排土场的稳定性,又要满足当地严格的环保要求,排土场施工在生产过程中已成为整个露天矿山建设的重中之重。以厄瓜多尔米拉多铜矿首期排土场建设及使用为例,分别从排土场的排水、筑坝、排土方式、分层碾压、排土场维护等几个方面,详细阐述了多雨少石条件下露天金属矿山排土场建设的施工措施及方法,这些施工措施和方法在该矿山施工生产过程中已经得到了广泛的应用及推广,对同类型的矿山施工也将起到一定的指导作用。     

含铬固废的资源化处理及循环利用研究进展

近年来,我国越来越重视生态环保,工业生产过程中的固体废弃物的处理就变得更加重要,例如不锈钢生产行业、电镀行业、铬盐生产行业等,都会产生大量的含铬固废,长期堆积不仅会占用土地资源而且还会对环境造成严重的危害。因此,开发更有效地回收、处理含铬固废的方法显得尤为重要。本文总结了我国铬矿资源的现状、预测了未来几年对于铬矿的需求量、阐述了含铬固废的现状及其危害、综述了近几年国内外对于含铬固废处理技术的新研究以及含铬固废循环利用方面的研究进展,介绍了不同处理方法的优缺点,以期在未来能够找到更好的回收、处理含铬固废的方法。      

Extraction of lithium from boron clays by using natural and waste materials and statistical modelling to achieve cost reduction

Lithium has found widespread application areas; from glass and ceramics to pharmaceutics. Moreover, last decade has witnessed a significant increase in the demand for lithium batteries. The studies made in Turkey showed that about 2000 ppm lithium occur in boron clays.Extraction of lithium from clays was the subject of many researchers, but all concluded that it was not economical when compared to extraction from minerals and brines. A major source of the cost is the raw materials used in such an extraction process. This study aims to achieve cost reduction by extracting lithium from boron clays using natural (limestone–clay) materials and waste of boric acid production as a source of gypsum. Statistical modelling of the extraction process has enabled 18% increase in the extraction yield even under these circumstances. This study demonstrates that it is possible to design more economical processes through use of appropriate statistical modelling while using low quality materials.     

ZY6400/12.5/28D型液压支架技术改造研究

液压支架在工作面使用中出现技术性能不能满足正常的安全生产时,最经济实用的解决方案应该是就地对其进行技术改造和革新,同煤集团四台矿对ZY6400/12.5/28D型液压支架系列技术改造的方案和做法,充分证明了对液压支架进行现场改造的经济可行性和技术实用性。     

北方煤矿山排,供,环保结合优化管理

北方煤矿山长期深降深，大流量排水，不仅造成矿山和其周围地区排供矛盾愈演愈烈，同时诱发了一系列严重的环境地质问题，在综合分析区域条件和矿山环境问题，以及矿床水文地质条件复杂程度基础上，提出了狭义排，供，环保结合和广义排，供，环保结合２类管理模型，并把它们作为解决上述矛盾和问题的主要技术途径，前者只考虑排水系统的疏降效果和环境系统的质量保护，而不直接考虑供水系统的供水需求，后者不仅考虑了排水系统和环境     

矿井余热综合利用技术研究与应用

为了合理利用矿井余热资源,确保实现“节能减排、绿色环保”,研究了矿井水余热资源、空压机余热资源,分别对系统的设计原则、项目内容、设备组成和系统特点等方面进行了研究,然后对矿井水余热系统运行费用、空压机余热回收系统运行费用和采用燃气锅炉运行费用进行了分析对比。研究得出,采用矿井余热综合利用方式最经济,相比燃气锅炉系统每年节约费用291.08万元,经济价值巨大。研究有效降低了煤矿生产成本,具有一定的推广应用价值。