基于SolidWorks软件应用的多传感技术智能轮胎的仿真设计

长期以来,由于轮胎导致的各种问题频频出现,为此对汽车轮胎进行优化设计,以SolidWorks软件为三维建模平台,运用多传感技术对轮胎和路面情况进行实时监测,采用RFID射频技术标识和跟踪轮胎,使用机械传动方式控制轮胎的花纹形状和深度,能够实现轮胎的智能化,保障行车安全.运用压力、温度传感器对轮胎内压强、温度进行检测,在轮胎中增加RFID电子标签对轮胎出厂信息、车辆轮胎匹配信息进行记录,在不同路况下,改变轮胎花纹,使轮胎的摩擦因数与路面信息相适应.     

基于轮胎/路面噪声对水泥刻纹路面铺设的研究

机动车行驶在水泥刻纹路面上行驶时,轮胎与路面接触易激发起高频噪声,且噪声频率随车速度的变化而变化,犹如唱歌一般,可形象称之为"唱歌声"。"唱歌声"声受轮胎材料结构特性、轮胎花纹形貌、路面刻痕宽度和深度等影响,在苛刻路面会被放大导致用户抱怨,影响用户满意度。为分析研究轮胎花纹噪声机理和严格控制车辆轮胎选型,整车厂通常会建造特殊试验道路用于轮胎花纹噪声开发测试。本文针对铺设轮胎花纹噪声专用试验道,对比多种刻纹深度和路面粗糙度的水泥刻纹路面上同一款轮胎的花纹噪声表现,总结出专用试验道路需具备的刻纹特征。本文的研究结果对轮胎花纹噪声的声学开发专用试验道路的铺设具有指导意义。     

汽车轮胎花纹的学问

汽车依靠轮胎支承在路面上,而直接与路面接触的却是轮胎花纹。轮胎不仅承载、滚动,而且通过其花纹块与路面产生的磨擦力,成为汽车驱动、制动和转向的动力之源。     

冰面和干燥路面上轮胎侧偏特性的试验研究

采用自行研制开发的平台往复式轮胎力学静特性试验机,研究了两条规格和胶料性能相同但胎面花纹不同的子午线轮胎在干燥路面和冰面上的侧偏特性,并进行了对比分析。重点讨论了冰面温度、轮胎负荷、轮胎气压和胎面花纹等因素对侧偏特性的影响规律。结果表明:低温冰面上轮胎的侧偏特性与干燥路面上的轮胎相似,但胎面花纹对冰面轮胎的侧偏特性产生更明显影响;在允许范围内适当降低气压有利于轮胎的操纵稳定性。     

湿滑路面轮胎制动距离有限元仿真分析

对配有ABS系统的汽车在湿滑路面上的制动距离进行了仿真研究。基于有限元商业软件ABAQUS,采用制动过程离散分析方法,考虑ABS功能和路面积水与轮胎间的流固耦合作用,仿真研究了某纵向沟槽花纹子午线轮胎在10mm积水路面各离散速度下的制动情况。根据有限元仿真结果,使用相关分析方法,获得了该轮胎的制动时间和制动距离。对干、湿路面轮胎制动性能仿真结果进行了比较,验证了轮胎湿滑路面制动性能仿真评价方法的有效性。     

面向轮胎3D花纹的语义建模方法

针对以几何特征为主导的建模方式会造成轮胎3D花纹模型创建操作繁琐、设计信息表达分散且不完备的问题,提出了以语义为主导的3D建模方法。该方法是在花纹设计的应用理论及实用技术探讨和研究的基础上,将理论设计中的花纹沟、装饰品及交汇特征的结构抽象分解得到轮胎花纹语义单元,从而构建花纹语义模型库和结构设计知识库。在此基础上引入轮胎节距信息,实现了轮胎花纹从概念设计到装配设计的层次化、系统化、形式化表达。最后,以CATIA/CAA为开发平台引入基于特征的建模技术,开发出语义级轮胎3D花纹设计系统。实例分析结果表明,该系统适用于多种类型的轮胎花纹建模,提高了CAD技术对设计信息表述的支持能力,增强了产品建模的自动化水平,有效地减少了设计人员的重复性工作,缩短了研发周期。     

轮胎泵气噪声有限元仿真研究

在充分考虑轮胎结构与空气耦合及与路面的接触等边界条件的基础上建立轮胎噪声仿真的有限元模型,然后使用商用有限元软件LS-DYNA的显式计算方法,对花纹沟槽与空气耦合和不耦合2种状况下的有限元模型进行仿真分析。通过对2种耦合状态下花纹沟槽内各测试点的噪声强度仿真结果比较,验证了行驶中轮胎花纹沟槽的泵气噪声原理。该轮胎噪声有限元模型对轮胎设计初期改善其噪声性能具有重要的指导意义。     

轮胎泵气噪声有限元仿真研究

在充分考虑轮胎结构与空气耦合及与路面的接触等边界条件的基础上建立轮胎噪声仿真的有限元模型,然后使用商用有限元软件LS-DYNA的显式计算方法,对花纹沟槽与空气耦合和不耦合2种状况下的有限元模型进行仿真分析.通过对2种耦合状态下花纹沟槽内各测试点的噪声强度仿真结果比较,验证了行驶中轮胎花纹沟槽的泵气噪声原理.该轮胎噪声有限元模型对轮胎设计初期改善其噪声性能具有重要的指导意义.     

基于CAN和RFID的车胎信息采集系统的设计

针对现有轮胎管理系统无法提供轮胎替换操作所需的安装位置和行驶里程等信息的不足,基于CAN总线和射频识别(RFID)构建了车胎信息采集系统。该系统设计了CAN解析模块用来解析车辆行驶里程信息;采用RFID技术完成对车胎电子标签的信息读写;通过以太网实现RFID读写器与控制端的信息传输。实验结果表明:该系统能准确采集车辆速度并在行驶状态下(速度50 km/h)对电子标签进行有效读写,实现了对轮胎安装位置的存储及电子标签信息的实时显示功能,极大地方便了车辆检修人员快速、准确地进行车胎替换与管理工作。     

基于相似性理论的轮胎花纹相似度检测与分析

基于相似性理论分析了轮胎花纹结构的特点。运用灰度直方图、均值哈希算法、共生矩阵法等图像处理方法,在MATLAB软件中搭建了一个轮胎花纹2D相似度检测系统。利用该系统对现有的轮胎花纹进行了相似度检测与分析。将特定花纹的局部改变与原有花纹进行相似度检测,结果验证了系统的稳定性和可靠性。该系统可为不同花纹之间相似度的量化提供依据。     

轮胎红外测温监测防爆系统设计

基于红外测温技术的轮胎温度检测装置的基本原理和结构特点,实时监测轮胎表面温度分布情况,设计出一套通用的轮胎动态温度检测装置.将四个红外探头安装在轮毂上,将红外探头检测到的温度模拟信号输入模数转换器,转换成数字信号,再将数字信号输入单片机,设计单片机程序,通过单片机处理比较四个数字信号,并判断胎压是否过高,通过液晶显示屏...     

轮胎摩擦学的研究与发展

介绍了轮胎摩擦学的基本知识,并对其发展现状作了综合、归纳、分析与评述,强调应建立轮胎的弹性响应模型、准确的摩擦系数模型和热模型。指出轮胎和道路间的润滑机理及其影响因素,优化轮胎结构和材料的机敏化,改进摩擦学设计和模拟试验等,都应作为今后轮胎摩擦学系统的研究重点。     

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns:Experiment and Simulation

The current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire.Compared with the real complex pattern tire,the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag.However,the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion.The purpose of this study is to experimentally and compu-tationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded.A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional(3D)printing with a ratio of 1∶1,and the pres-sure coefficients Cp of the three tires with different patterns are measured.The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics.The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients Cp,and they are of good consistency.While,the general analysis of pressure coefficients Cp results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface,and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface,the pressure coefficients Cp of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction.The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag.The results show that,angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that;the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction,the less the flow separation and flow vortices,and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag.The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires,and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.     

各向摩擦系数不同条件下轮胎力学特性的统一理论模型

提出一种适用于任意印迹压力分布和各向摩擦系数不同条件下轮胎力学特性的统一理论模型。它可作为研究轮胎结构、地面摩擦特性以及压力分布与轮胎力学特性关系的基础，并为实验数据的处理和汽车动力学分析提供有效手段。     

Tire wear by ablation

The transient temperature profile of a slipping tire is calculated by taking into account the frictional heating due to slip, temperature build-up due to hysteresis, convection and radiation loss into the air, and conduction cooling into the ground. Specific attention is directed to the calculation of tire surface temperature. Calculated surface temperature shows a value which may exceed the melting point of tread rubber. The phase change of the tread rubber at the surface leads to a particular wear mechanism. Wear of the tire is calculated for the transient process which occurs at the contact area between tire and ground.The governing equations for temperature profile and the associated wear process are solved numerically by a finite difference technique. Tire surface temperatures for different service conditions agree well with the available data for automobile tires. Tire wear data agree with those reported for airplane tires. The proposed wear model may be applicable to automobile tires when the service condition is severe.From the thermal analysis one can see the effect of surface properties of both tire and ground on the wear process. Other parameter studies provide some information about the effects of some important factors on tire wear.     

基于非平衡轮廓理论的子午线轮胎结构设计

在分析现有子午线轮胎非平衡轮廓设计理论的基础上,结合酒井秀男和FRANK非平衡轮廓理论的特点,进行两种理论的融合,得到新的轮胎充气非平衡内轮廓的积分方程,并编制相应的软件。以315/60R22.5及385/55R19.5两种载重子午线轮胎为研究对象,利用提出的轮廓积分方程进行设计。结合轮胎有限元分析技术,从接地压力分布、胎圈和胎肩处的应变比能等方面,对非平衡轮廓设计和现行设计的轮胎进行综合对比分析。结果表明,利用提出的非平衡轮廓积分方程设计的轮胎,接地压力均匀性和接地形状以及胎圈和胎肩处的应变比能具有大幅度地改善,即提高了轮胎的磨损、抓地和疲劳性能。     

基于无线传感器和CAN总线的自动识别的轿车胎压监测系统

轮胎气压是轿车的重要参数之一。在轮胎气压不足的状况下行使,不但导致轮胎过热和失灵,而且影响轿车的操纵,降低轮胎的寿命和燃油效率。因此在轿车上需要安装胎压监测系统,以便在一个或者多个轮胎出现气压不足时点亮低气压告警灯。文中设计了一种基于无线传感器和CAN总线的自动识别的轿车胎压监测系统,包括总体方案、硬件设计、控制策略和通信协议。实验室台架试验和实况路面车载测试表明:该系统总线通信无误帧,无线信号传输可靠,轮胎位置识别准确。     

Tread wear and footprint geometrical characters of truck bus radial tires

Wear and mileage performance are the foremost performances for truck bus radial (TBR) tires. There are a lot of researches about the tire wear performance as well as the contact patch phenomenon by using finite element analysis (FEA) method or testing. But there is little published data on the correlations between the footprint geometry and the tread wear performance of tires. In this paper, an experiment on tire-ground performance of TBR tires is carried out by using Tekscan. The real-time changes of contact-area pressure distribution that occurred during the process of continuous load and unload are recorded. Three types of tires that act differently in behavior under normal usage are analyzed. A new method of researching in tire tread wear, which focuses on the geometrical characters of the footprint, is put forward. The experimental results of the three tires are described by using footprint geometrical characters. On the basis of studying the changing laws of footprint geometrical characters during the loading process and considering consumer survey and factory feedback information, the correlations between the geometrical character of footprints and tread destruction form are built. The analyzed results show that a greater contact area coefficient and a steady coefficient of contact result in a better wear performance for TBR tires. The footprint-shape coefficient changing laws in the process of loading are found to have a very good coincidence with the tread wear of the three types of tires. Tires with a smaller footprint-shape coefficient are likely to have an average tread wear while avoiding the shoulder wear first. The proposed research provides a new solution to predict tire-ground performance at the point of footprint and several useful references for improving tire design.     

轮胎滚动阻力对整车燃油经济性的影响

对整车燃油消耗的主要影响因素及整车油耗在轮胎上的表现进行了分析说明。从轮胎滚动阻力的影响因素及降低轮胎滚动阻力的具体措施等方面进行了论述，介绍了新的硅胶技术，这项技术已经发展成熟并投入使用，它的应用也对未来改善整车燃油经济性提供了新的技术支持。     

射频识别在轮胎生产物流中的应用

针对轮胎生产企业中个别复杂工序的数据采集和产品质量的追溯,提出一种射频识别(RFID)在生产物流中应用的解决方案.首先对RFID的优点和国内外的研究现状进行讨论;然后,通过对轮胎生产企业现有生产物流数据采集方案和RFID技术优势的分析,阐明轮胎生产企业RFID的应用需求;之后设计了RFID在轮胎生产企业中应用的硬件安装方案和应用流程,并通过在成型工序的应用实践对应用框架进行详细论述.