Isosweetness concentrations of sucrose and high‐intensity sweeteners and antioxidant activity in white chocolate with functional properties

Healthier food products are an emerging trend in consumer demand. In this context, this study aimed at producing a prebiotic white chocolate with addition of an antioxidant source [goji berry (GB)] and replacement of sucrose by high‐intensity sweeteners (sucralose and rebaudioside A). The ideal sucrose level in white chocolate was determined as 40.46% (w/w). Different concentrations of dried GB (3%, 6% and 9%, w/w) in white chocolate did not affect consumers' preference. The isosweetness concentrations of the sweeteners were 0.05% for sucralose and from 0.10% to 0.16% (w/w) for rebaudioside A in prebiotic white chocolates. However, among the prebiotic chocolates containing GB, sucralose was the best sucrose substitute. The prebiotic white chocolates with GB showed antioxidant activity up to three times higher than the samples without the dried fruit, determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity methods. GB contributed to enhancing the nutritional value of white chocolate.     

Prebiotic Low Sugar Chocolate Dairy Desserts: Physical and Optical Characteristics and Performance of PARAFAC and PCA Preference Map

The addition of prebiotic and sweeteners in chocolate dairy desserts opens up new opportunities to develop dairy desserts that besides having a lower calorie intake still has functional properties. In this study, prebiotic low sugar dairy desserts were evaluated by 120 consumers using a 9‐point hedonic scale, in relation to the attributes of appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall liking. Internal preference map using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the consumer data. In addition, physical (texture profile) and optical (instrumental color) analyses were also performed. Prebiotic dairy desserts containing sucrose and sucralose were equally liked by the consumers. These samples were characterized by firmness and gumminess, which can be considered drivers of liking by the consumers. Optimization of the prebiotic low sugar dessert formulation should take in account the choice of ingredients that contribute in a positive manner for these parameters. PARAFAC allowed the extraction of more relevant information in relation to PCA, demonstrating that consumer acceptance analysis can be evaluated by simultaneously considering several attributes. Multiple factor analysis reported Rv value of 0.964, suggesting excellent concordance for both methods.     

Sensory profile,acceptability, and their relationship for diabetic/reduced calorie chocolates

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory properties and acceptability of lab developed prototypes of conventional, diabetic (with no sugar), and diabetic/reduced calorie milk chocolates (no sugar and 25% calorie reduction) with high-intensity sweeteners, sucralose and stevioside, and partial fat replacement with whey protein concentrate (WPC). PLS was performed in order to relate sensory properties and consumer acceptability and to determine drivers of liking and disliking. There was no difference between conventional, diabetic and diabetic/reduced calorie milk chocolates for brightness, cocoa aroma, cocoa butter aroma, and cocoa flavor (p > 0.05). Acceptability was higher for sucrose substitution by sucralose than by stevioside and partial fat replacement reduced acceptability of flavor even more (p ? 0.05). Crucial attributes which determine consumer acceptability in samples are sweet aroma, melting rate, and sweetness, whereas bitterness, bitter aftertaste, adherence, and sandiness were drivers of disliking.     

中国黄酒风味感官特征及其风味轮的构建

首次对中国黄酒的风味轮进行绘制,由国家黄酒评委组成的品评小组结合消费者品评小组,对6种不同类型、不同特点的典型黄酒进行风味感官品评,给出黄酒风味感官基本描述语,对描述语进行筛选整理后,参照啤酒、葡萄酒及清酒风味轮,对描述语进行归类,绘制出中国黄酒风味轮。从黄酒风味轮描述语中,运用多元统计方法及ISO 11035感官描述语选择方法的国际标准,选择确定重要的、而且具有典型差异性的味觉和嗅觉描述语：甜味、苦味、涩味、酸味、鲜味、醇香、焦糖香、果香、药香、烟气香、曲香及蜂蜜香12个作为构成黄酒风味轮廓的主要描述语。这些描述语分别经由国家黄酒评委和消费者应用于黄酒描述分析,表明可以表征中国黄酒主要的基本风味感官特征,可用于黄酒基本描述性感官分析。