冻融损伤混凝土力学性能衰减规律

为研究冻融作用对混凝土力学性能的影响,采用快冻法将混凝土盐冻或水冻至不同损伤程度后,测其动弹性模量、抗折强度、抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度.以动弹性模量为损伤变量,分析了冻融损伤与抗折、抗压强度之间的关系,采用回归分析的方法建立了抗折强度衰减方程.结果表明,混凝土抗压、抗折、劈裂抗拉强度以及动弹性模量均随冻融循环作用次数的增加而逐步降低;抗折、劈裂抗拉强度以及动弹性模量的衰减速率随冻融循环作用次数的增加而不断增大,但抗压强度的衰减速率则是先增大后减小;在冻融循环次数相同的情况下,含气量越高、水灰比越低,混凝土的强度损失越小,其力学性能损失的大小顺序依次为:抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度、动弹性模量、抗压强度;冻融损伤与抗折强度的相关性较好,但与抗压强度的相关性较差,当冻融损伤小于40%时,混凝土的抗压强度一般不低于其初始强度的70%.     

Bulk engineering and durability properties of washed glass sand concrete

The paper reports the results of an experimental programme aimed at examining the performance of Portland-cement concrete produced with washed glass sand (WGS), as natural sand substitute- by mass. The effects of up to 50% WGS on fresh, engineering and durability related properties have been established and its suitability for use in a range of normal-grade concrete production assessed. WGS characteristics results showed that the post-container glass waste can be crushed to provide WGS of physical properties that satisfy the current requirements set in appropriate standards for natural sand for concrete. The density and water absorption of WGS was found to be lower than natural sand. The results for fresh concrete showed a reduction in workability of concrete with increase WGS proportion beyond 20% in the mix, although slump measurements remained within the allowable margin of ±25 mm. The mixes with high proportions of WGS were found to be less cohesive. Studies of hardened concrete properties, comprising bulk engineering properties (compressive cube and cylinder strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage) and durability (near surface absorption, alkali silica reaction) showed similar performance for concrete produced with natural aggregates and up to 15% WGS.     

镍铁渣混凝土的力学性能、干缩行为及其与浆体孔结构的关系

制备了不同掺量的镍铁渣混凝土,对其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量和干燥收缩进行了测试,并使用压汞法对同配比净浆的孔结构进行了表征。结果表明,镍铁渣混凝土的抗压强度随镍铁渣掺量的提高出现先提高后下降的现象,这与孔结构变化有显著关系。当镍铁渣掺量在20%以上时,混凝土早期强度增长较为缓慢,经90 d龄期养护后基本可以弥补早期形成的强度差。镍铁渣的掺入降低了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但混凝土的弹性模量提高。蒸汽养护可以一定程度激发镍铁渣的活性,但并不能弥补其取代水泥造成的强度损失。20%掺量以内的镍铁渣混凝土具有比纯水泥混凝土较小的干燥收缩,这与镍铁渣掺入后混凝土孔隙率降低、弹性模量提高等相关。     

Engineering properties of concrete with oil palm shell as coarse aggregate

In a short-term study, for up to 90 days, properties of oil palm shell (OPS) concrete namely compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage and initial surface absorption, have been determined and a comparison is made with control concrete. Two conditions of curing, namely, one to simulate the practical curing condition and another laboratory curing condition, are employed. It is observed that OPS concrete has sufficient strength to be accepted as structural lightweight concrete and that the trend of behaviours of OPS concrete and control concrete is very similar. However, the modulus of elasticity of OPS concrete is lower compared to control concrete and ISA is more in OPS concrete compared with control concrete.     

高品质再生骨料混凝土的力学性能和耐久性试验研究

对高品质再生骨料混凝土的力学性能和耐久性进行了系统的试验研究,主要包括其立方体和棱柱体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量以及收缩、徐变、抗氯离子渗透、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能.高品质再生骨料由课题组提出的包含机械磨损(干拌)和水冲洗两个流程的一套高品质再生骨料生产工艺加工得到.试验结果表明,与由普通再生骨料(常规破碎工艺生产的再生骨料)配制的混凝土相比,高品质再生骨料混凝土的力学性能和耐久性均有显著的提高,基本上可以达到与普通混凝土相近的水平.     

Effect of environmental conditions on the properties of concretes with different cement types

The paper reports on the changes in properties of concretes with different cement types associated with environmental conditions. Three strength classes with three different cement types (ordinary portland cement PC 42.5 (CEM I 42.5), portland composite cements PKC-A 42.5 (CEM II/A-M 42.5) and PKC-B 32.5R (CEM II/B-M 32.5R)) were used in the study. Also, a mixture was prepared with PC 42.5 and silica fume (SF). The effects of variable ambient conditions on plastic shrinkage of fresh concrete and cement paste, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, capillary absorption and drying shrinkage of hardened concrete were investigated. In contrast to PC 42.5 cement paste, plastic shrinkage cracks were observed in PKC-B 32.5 and PKC-A 42.5 pastes. Water absorption coefficients of all concretes stored in natural environment were higher at all ages as compared to coefficients of concretes kept in laboratory. Drying shrinkage values of concrete with SF, except the first week, were significantly lower than those of others. Although different behaviors for different cement types were observed, water–cement ratio was one of the dominating factors determining the behavior of concrete. This ratio should be lowered to improve the durability of concrete.     

高强混凝土的早期力学性能及其收缩特性

本文在对高强混凝土（C80）的抗压强度、弹性模量等早期力学性能和早期收缩进行试验研究的基础上讨论了早期不同干燥开始龄期对高强混凝土力学性能和收缩特性的影响，并对自收缩和干燥收缩在总收缩中的作用进行了分析。     

Properties of steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete

This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Properties studied include unit weight and workability of fresh concrete, and compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, elasticity modulus, sorptivity coefficient, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance of hardened concrete. Fly ash content used was 0%, 15% and 30% in mass basis, and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% in volume basis. The laboratory results showed that steel fiber addition, either into Portland cement concrete or fly ash concrete, improve the tensile strength properties, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance. However, it reduced workability and increase sorptivity coefficient. Although fly ash replacement reduce strength properties, it improves workability, reduces drying shrinkage and increases freeze–thaw resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The performed experiments show that the behaviour of fly ash concrete is similar to that of Portland cement concrete when fly ash is added.     

赤泥-石膏复合激发剂改性蒸养粉煤灰混凝土力学性能和长期性能研究

试验研究了赤泥一石膏复合激发剂对蒸养粉煤灰混凝土力学性能和长期性能的影响。结果表明,经激发剂改性后蒸养粉煤灰混凝土脱模抗压强度得到显著的提高,弹模、抗折、劈拉强度均得到不同程度的提高;干缩值得到降低,抗渗性能明显改善。     

多孔混凝土基层的应力-应变特性

为进行多孔混凝土基层路面的结构设计,需研究其应力-应变特性.通过小梁试件三分点加荷试验及棱柱体试件轴心抗压试验,分别测试多孔混凝土的弯拉弹性模量与轴心抗压弹性模量.对试验结果进行回归分析,得出多孔混凝土弯拉弹性模量与弯拉强度、抗压弹性模量与轴心抗压强度之间分别符合相关性良好的幂指数关系,并据此得出多孔混凝土弯拉弹性模量与弯拉强度、抗压弹性模量与轴心抗压强度的对应关系表,作为其弹性模量的推荐值.     

Incorporation superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles as controlling pre-existing flaws to improve the performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)

This paper concerns a new concept for introducing superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles as pre-existing flaws into matrix to improve tensile property, flexural property, drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). The experimental results show that all ECC mixtures exhibit excellent ductility, more than 1.5%. Incorporating SAP particles in ECC matrix can apparently improve tensile strain capacity and toughness of ECC specimens. Compared to control specimens, tensile capacity and deflection of ECC with SAP particles can increase 92% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, SAP particles have an apparent effect on ECC with 50% fly ash (FA) compared with ECC with 70% FA. Meanwhile, introducing SAP in matrix is effective in reducing drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of ECC specimens, due to water-entrained capacity of SAP particles. However, SAP particles can reduce compressive strength of 5-15% compared to control specimens. In addition, increasing FA content can also increase tensile capacity and decrease drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of ECC specimens.     

桥面用丁苯乳液改性水泥砂浆的力学性能

用德国标准和规范研究了丁苯乳液D623对桥面用水泥砂浆力学性能的改进效果;丁苯乳液D623对砂浆有良好的减水作用,对提高抗折强度和粘结抗拉强度也有显著作用,并可大幅度降低压折比、提高折弹比,综合抗压强度、抗折强度、抗拉粘结强度和弹性模量等力学性能,桥面用改性砂浆的聚合物D63掺量范围为10.1%～17.5%。     

冻融循环下透水再生混凝土力学性能损伤分析

为研究冻融循环作用对透水再生混凝土力学性能的影响,采用快冻法进行了不同再生粗骨料取代率下的透水再生混凝土冻融试验,并测试相应阶段的动弹性模量、抗折强度和立方体抗压强度.试验结果表明:透水再生混凝土的相对动弹性模量、相对抗折强度和相对立方体抗压强度均随冻融循环次数或再生粗骨料取代率的增大而下降,衰减速率从大到小依次为:相对抗折强度、相对立方体抗压强度和相对动弹性模量.以动弹性模量为损伤变量,通过数据拟合发现,透水再生混凝土的相对抗折强度、相对立方体抗压强度与损伤度均可用指数函数表示,且相关性较好.     

超高强混凝土的配制及基本力学性能试验研究

结合当地情况采用常规材料及通用工艺,成功研制工作性能良好、抗压强度超过100MPa的超高强混凝土材料。研究内容包括超高强混凝土材料的配合比,超高强混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、轴心抗压强度、静力弹性模量、抗弯强度等力学性能,为进一步研究超高强混凝土的力学性能规律提供依据。     

桥面铺装中钢纤维混凝土主要物理力学性能试验研究

结合高速公路桥面铺装实际工程，通过对钢纤维体积率（Vf）为0-2％、基体强度为C50的钢纤维混凝土（SFRC）的抗压、抗折、劈裂、抗剪和弹性模量等物理性能进行的试验研究，并考虑经济因素，确定最佳钢纤维类型和体积率。结果表明：SFRC抗压强度随Vf的增加仅仅有着小幅度的增长；钢纤维对SFRC的抗折、劈裂和抗剪性能起着明显的增强作用，强度比值随吩的增加而增大；SFRC的弹性模量随材料抗压强度的提高而缓慢增加。     

Properties of concrete prepared with crushed fine stone,furnace bottom ash and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregates

This paper presents the results of a study to compare the properties of concretes prepared with the use river sand, crushed fine stone (CFS), furnace bottom ash (FBA), and fine recycled aggregate (FRA) as fine aggregates. Two methods were used to design the concrete mixes: (i) fixed water–cement ratio (W/C) and (ii) fixed slump ranges. The investigation included testing of compressive strength, drying shrinkage and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of the concretes. The test results showed that, at fixed water–cement ratios, the compressive strength and the drying shrinkage decreased with the increase in the FBA content. FRA decreased the compressive strength and increased the drying shrinkage of the concrete. However, when designing the concrete mixes with a fixed slump value, at all the test ages, when FBA was used as the fine aggregates to replace natural aggregates, the concrete had higher compressive strength, lower drying shrinkage and higher resistance to the chloride-ion penetration. But the use of FRA led to a reduction in compressive strength but increase in shrinkage values. The results suggest that both FBA and FRA can be used as fine aggregates for concrete production.     

Effect of partial replacement of sand with dry oyster shell on the long-term performance of concrete

To evaluate the practical application of crushed oyster shells (OS) as construction materials, an experimental study was performed based on equal materials proportion and the partial replacement of saturated-surface-dry (SSD) sand with dry oyster shell. More specifically, the long-term mechanical properties and durability of concrete with OS partially substituted for fine aggregate were investigated.Test results indicate that long-term strength of concrete with 10% OS replacement is almost identical to that of normal concrete. However, the long-term strength of concrete with 20% OS replacement is appreciably lower than that of normal concrete. Therefore, higher OS substitution has the possibility of negatively influencing the concrete long-term strength increment. Elastic modulus of concrete with OS replacement decreases as the substitution mixture ratio increases. Specifically, the modulus is reduced by approximately 10–15% when OS are used for 20% of the fine aggregate.The drying shrinkage strain increases as the substitution ratio (SR) of OS is increased. In addition, the existing model code for drying shrinkage and creep does not coincide with the test results of the present study. A prediction equation for drying shrinkage has been developed. The utilization of OS as a fine aggregate in concrete has a positive effect on freezing and thawing resistance and water permeability is also considerably improved. However, OS has no apparent effect on carbonation and chemical attack of concrete.Finally, it is noted that the strength, elastic modulus, drying shrinkage, freezing and thawing resistance, and permeability are significantly affected by increased OS substitution, particularly for long-term performance, while other properties such as creep and carbonation, as well as chemical attack test results, were not substantially affected.     

透水混凝土强度若干影响因素及收缩性能的试验研究

对透水混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂强度以及收缩性能进行了试验研究,同时对比普通混凝土讨论了透水混凝土的收缩特性。     

高性能再生骨料混凝土力学性能的研究

研究了不同水胶比、不同再生骨料替代率的高性能再生混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量等力学性能.结果显示,再生混凝土的强度等级在C30～C60之间,抗折强度大于4MPa,劈裂抗拉强度大于2MPa,弹性模量在20～40GPa之间,力学性能满足应用技术要求.再生骨料替代率在60%以内时,不影响混凝土各项强度指标...     

粗骨料对自密实混凝土性能影响的试验研究

主要研究了粗骨料体积含量、类型以及最大粒径对自密实混凝土工作性、强度、弹性模量以及收缩等性能的影响。结果表明:粗骨料与砂浆体积比(V_g/V_m)显著影响自密实混凝土拌和物的流动性、间距通过性以及稳定性(抗离析性),存在最佳的V_g/V_m使得混凝土拌和物获得自密实性。减小粗骨料的最大粒径,新拌自密实混凝土的稳定性提高。保持浆体体积不变,自密实混凝土的劈拉强度随V_g/V_m增加而显著降低。