0Cr18Ni9不锈钢卷板裂纹异议分析

通过金相及扫描电镜观察,分析了用0Cr18Ni9不锈钢热轧卷板生产的印染机烘干筒在使用过程中产生轴向裂纹的原因,确定该裂纹是在氯离子腐蚀环境和加工应力共同作用下产生的应力腐蚀裂纹,属于设计选材不当,并为用户推荐了耐氯离子应力腐蚀的316L不锈钢,解决了类似的质量问题。     

OCr18Ni9不锈钢卷板裂纹异议分析

通过金相及扫描电镜观察,分析了用0Cr18Ni9不锈钢热轧卷板生产的印染机烘干筒在使用过程中产生轴向裂纹的原因,确定该裂纹是在氯离子腐蚀环境和加工应力共同作用下产生的应力腐蚀裂纹,属于设计选材不当,并为用户推荐了耐氯离子应力腐蚀的316L不锈钢,解决了类似的质量问题。     

304L不锈钢的应力腐蚀

本文研究了３０４Ｌ不锈钢氧氯化反应器上封头的应力腐蚀行为，研究结果表明，材料裂纹的产生是由腐蚀引起。在氯离子作用下首先在硅钙类氧化物夹杂物处发生点蚀，成为裂纹源，然后在应力，氯离子和硫离子三种因素作用下产生裂纹，氯离子和硫离子在裂纹处不断积聚，在应力作用下裂纹扩展，最后导致材料失效。     

不锈钢的损伤及其防止措施（2）——以事例为中心

应力腐蚀裂纹是在拉伸应力和腐蚀因素的共同作用下发生的，在实际使用中几乎都是因氯离子的存在而引起的。以前所述应力腐蚀裂纹中温蚀事故件数约占半数，对奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀来说，可以说是最大的问题。除了氯化物溶液以外，应力腐蚀裂纹也可在高温高浓度碱、正硫酸和高温高压水等环境下发生。[第一段]     

宝钢太阳能热水器用低钼超纯铁素体不锈钢

为满足太阳能热水器行业对不锈钢材质服役能力以及综合性价比的需求,宝钢开发了适用于水系统介质的低钼超纯铁素体不锈钢B445 J1M。对比分析了B445 J1M、SUS304以及SUS444不锈钢的力学性能、成形性能以及耐蚀性能,概括了B445 J1M钢种的优势与可应用领域,并就太阳能热水器行业不锈钢用材提出了建议。相较于SUS444,B445 J1M具有更佳的拉深成形性能以及焊接性能,其胀形能力、耐点蚀、盐雾腐蚀以及氯离子应力腐蚀性能与SUS444相当,同时有更佳的性价比;相较于SUS304,B445 J1M的耐氯离子应力腐蚀性能及耐点蚀性能更优,尤其是其耐氯离子应力腐蚀性能,更加适合于热水器对材质的要求。     

304L与XM27不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀性研究

针对XM27与304L异种不锈钢焊缝在纯碱设备中的耐应力腐蚀能力以及引起scc裂纹的原因进行研究,通过应力腐蚀试验分别模拟了苛刻环境(高氯离子浓度、沸腾温度高应力)和温和环境(弱介质、常温、无应力)以及包括无腐蚀的去离子水以便对比。通过对接头进行腐蚀和微观组织分析得出了XM27与304L异种不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀原因:焊缝产生应力腐蚀是在Cl-与拘束同时存在的情况下产生的;焊缝产生应力腐蚀与Cl-浓度无关。     

304不锈钢水槽应力腐蚀开裂分析

针对304不锈钢水槽底面特别是出水口处发生的锈蚀现象,通过直读光谱仪、金相显微镜、图像分析仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪,对304不锈钢锈蚀水槽的化学成分、显微组织、裂纹形貌及腐蚀产物的成分进行了检测分析.结果表明,304不锈钢水槽的化学成分、显微组织都符合JIS G 4305标准,水槽锈蚀的主要原因为冲压油未及时清洗,在马氏体、拉应力和氯离子的共同作用下,发生晶间应力腐蚀所致.     

仲钨酸铵结晶槽加热管腐蚀开裂原因分析

针对不锈钢材质仲钨酸铵结晶槽加热管在导热油加热介质工况下出现裂纹和泄漏的情况,采用宏观检查、成分分析与参数检测等方法,对裂纹形成原因进行了分析,指出应力与导热油中的C1-导致了换热器加热管中腐蚀裂纹的产生,并提出了解决这一问题的具体措施.     

316L不锈钢饱和器焊接性探讨

焦化厂的硫酸铵饱和器,常常由于检修焊接不当加之强腐蚀工艺介质剧烈腐蚀之下,造成焊接接头的腐蚀破坏,形成晶间腐蚀、裂纹、穿孔等焊接接头缺陷和危害。因而,本文从316L不锈钢的焊接性入手,分析其晶间腐蚀,焊接热裂纹,应力腐蚀开裂,接头的σ相脆化等该材质的焊接特点,并详述了其防止的具体措施。结合实际有针对性的阐述了其该母材的焊接工艺及要点,有效的降低316L不锈钢的晶间腐蚀及其他焊接缺陷,提高了其焊接性。     

316L不锈钢换热器的失效原因分析

利用化学法、金相法、SEM和EDX等方法,分析了苯酚中间再沸器316L不锈钢换热器管束和筒体失效材料的化学成分、显微组织、夹杂物水平、腐蚀产物的成分和裂纹形貌等.结果表明316L不锈钢的化学成分、显微组织和夹杂物都符合标准,换热器管束和筒体失效的主要原因是Cl-诱导的应力腐蚀开裂,此外,苯酚在裂纹处的结晶与溶解加速了应力腐蚀裂纹的扩展.针对上述应力腐蚀问题提出了相应的改进措施.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.