铁基高温合金GH2871成分对组织和性能的影响

开发出新型含０．５％Ｎｂ，并以Ｗ、Ｍｏ复合固溶强化的２８Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｒ－１．ＯＷ－１．５Ｍｏ－２．１Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－Ａｌ铁基高温合金ＧＨ２８７１。该合金的综合机械性能优于同类２５Ｎｉ－１５Ｃｒ铁基高温合金。     

铁基金温合金GH2871成分对组织和性能的影响

开发出新型含０．５％Ｎｂ，并以Ｗ，Ｍｏ复合固溶强化的２８Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｒ－１．０Ｗｏ－２．１Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－Ａｌ铁基高温合金ＧＨ２８７１。该合金的综合机械性能优于同类２５Ｎｉ－１５Ｃｒ铁基高温合金。     

5—Br—DMPAP测钢铁及合金中铋

利用斐了子型表面活性剂ＯＰ存在下,５－Ｂｒ－ＤＭＰＡＰ与铋的反应来测钢铁及合金中铋。干扰元素用ＤＤＴＣ－ＤＤｌ４萃取法分离,ＨＣｌ（１＋１）反萃取后随铋主的微量铁以抗坏血酸掩蔽,反应适宜酸度为ｐＨ３左右。采用０．１Ｍ－氯醋酸和Ｍ醋酸钠（１＋１）混合液为缓冲液,络合物Ｂｉ－５－Ｂｒ－ＤＭＰＡＰ最大吸收峰在５７５ｎｍ处。     

添加硼提高铁素体耐热钢的蠕变寿命

在奥氏体耐热钢添加硼可提高其蠕变性能,由于添加Ｂ元素使晶界析出物变小且稳定,可抑制晶界破断。新日本制铁采用α射线痕迹侵蚀法（ＡＴＥ）分析Ｂ元素进行了试验。试验材选择３种钢成分,Ａ钢成分（％）０．１０４Ｃ０．１２Ｓ０．５２Ｍｎ９．１４Ｃｒ０．５０Ｍｏ１．５３Ｗ０．０８３Ｎｂ０．１９４Ｖ０．００２Ｔｉ３×１０－６Ｂ,６０×１０－６Ｐ,３７×１０－６Ｓ,Ｂ钢成分是在Ａ钢成分基础上将Ｂ提高到３５×１０－６,Ｃ钢成分把硼增加到８４×１０－６。此３种成分在真空熔化炉熔炼成钢锭,在１１８０℃…     

蒸汽涡轮机用超耐热合金的开发

为提高超临界压用蒸气涡轮机效率,把蒸气温度提高到６００℃以上,这时存在铁素体耐热钢强度不足,采用奥氏体耐热合金等热膨胀系数大和成本高等问题。日本金属公司冶金研究所在这方面进行了研究,选择热膨胀系数接近Ｍ２５２Ｎｉ基合金成分（％）（０．１３Ｃ１９．４Ｃｒ９．６Ｍｏ９－９Ｃｏ１－１３Ａｌ２－７６ＡｌＮｉ基）考虑成本削减Ｃｏ元素,新开发耐热合金成分（％）：０．０３Ｃ１９．８Ｎｉ９．９Ｍｏ１．１８Ａｌ１．５７ＴｉＮｉ基。其特点是降Ｃ含量,增加低热膨胀系数元素Ｍｏ等。以此成分生产的３…     

5—（2—噻唑）偶氮—8—氨基喹啉的合成及光度法测定微量钴

合成了新试剂５－（２－噻唑）偶氮－８－氨基喹啉，测定了它的酸离解常数，并用于光度法测定微量钴。在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，０．０４－０．０２ｍｏｌ／ｌ ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＴＡＡＱ与Ｃｏ＾２＋形成１：３的深蓝色络合物，最大吸收峰位于６３０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２３×１０＾５ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１。Ｃｏ＾２＋在０－１０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。方法具有较好的选择性，已用于ＶＢ１２及矿石分析，结     

新型海水用钢0.03C—3Si—17Cr—12Ni—3Mo—2.5Cu的组织与耐点腐蚀性能

采用金相显微镜，Ｘ射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）及扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）研究了新型耐海水用钢０．０３Ｃ－３Ｓｉ－１７Ｃｒ－１２Ｎｉ－３Ｍｏ－２．５Ｃｕ的组织及其点蚀行为，试验结果表明，该钢经１０５０℃保温２ｈ固溶处理后，可得到单相的奥氏体组织，具有良好的抗点蚀性能，并通过ＳＴＭ的观测，得到了新型钢的超高分辨三维点蚀形貌图象，为该钢的开发应用奠定了技术基础。     

MMNi_5基贮氢合金的电极特性

测定了ＭＭＮｉ５基贮氢合金的电极特性。用快淬法制成的ＭＭ（０．９）Ｔｉ（０．１）Ｎｉ（３．９）Ｍｎ（０．４）Ｃｏ（０．４）Ａｌ（０．３）贮氢合金电极的循环寿命和快速放电能力显著提高，其３００次充放电循环后电容量仅下降１８％，这与合金中微晶组织的形成有关，而感应熔炼制成的ＭＭ（０．９）Ｔｉ（０．１）Ｎｉ（３．９）Ｍｎ（０．４）Ｃｏ（０．４）Ａｌ（０．３）贮氢合金电极２００次循环后电容量下降３９％，经１０００℃３ｈ退火后，其３００次循环后电容量下降为２７％。     

5—（2－噻唑）偶氮－8－氨基喹啉的合成及光度法测定微量钴

合成了新试剂５－（２－噻唑）偶氮８－氨基喹啉（ＴＡＡＱ），测定了它的酸离解常数，并用于光度法测定微量钴。在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，０．０４～０．０２ｍｏｌ／１ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＴＡＡＱ与Ｃｏ￣２＋形成１：３的深蓝色络合物，最大吸收峰位于６３０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２３×１０￣５１．ｍｏｌ￣－１·ｃｍ￣－１。Ｃｏ￣２＋在０～１０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。方法具有较好的选择性，已用于ＶＢ＿（１２）及矿石分析，结果满意。     

铁素体—珠光体钢组织和性能关系

本文对含０．０６５％￣０．２２％Ｃ、０．００２￣０．０２１％Ｓ、０．６￣１．５％Ｍｎ、０．０２￣０．４％Ｓｉ（重量百分数）系列钢（普通Ｃ－Ｍｎ、Ｃ－Ｍｎ－Ａｌ、Ｃ－Ｍｎ－Ｎｂ－Ａｌ钢）进行了研究，大多数此类钢经常化处理，以８００￣４００℃的平均冷却速率在４０￣０．８Ｋｍｉｎ＾－１变化。这相当于１２￣５００ｍｍ厚板在空气中冷却的速率。一些高温奥氏体化处理随后炉冷的钢产生粗铁素体晶粒和粗晶界碳化物。得     

新型高淬透性轴承钢GCr18Mo

研制的ＧＣｒ１８Ｍｏ新型轴承钢的淬透性为ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｎ轴承钢的２．０￣２．５倍，新钢种轴承的使用寿命为ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｎ钢的１．８￣５．４倍。     

The effect of molybdenum on high-temperature properties of 9 pct Cr steels

Heat-resistant 9 Cr steels with 1, 2, and 3 pct Mo were tested for mechanical properties, weldability, and creep-rupture properties. The elevated-temperature and rupture strengths increase with increasing molybdenum content. While the 9 Cr-1 Mo steel is martensitic and is precipitation strengthened with carbides, the 9 Cr-2 Mo and 9 Cr-3 Mo steels receive added benefits from precipitation of Laves phase and solid-solution strengthening. The latter cause little decrease in ductility and impact resistance. The 9 Cr-2 Mo and 9 Cr-3 Mo steels are characterized by a duplex microstructure which aids weldability. Weld cracking tests show no need for preheating the latter steels, although the martensitic 9 Cr-1 Mo steel is known to be susceptible to weld cracking if not preheated. Both duplex-structure steels have good resistance to stress-relief cracking. Anisotropy of mechanical properties, due to the orientation of the duplex structure in the rolling direction, is less than that observed in the fully martensitic 9 Cr-1 Mo steel.     

Hydrogen attack behavior of the heat affected zone of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel weldment

The kinetics of hydrogen attack (HA) has been studied in the heat affected zone (HAZ) in a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel weld to determine the relative rates of attack and bubble nucleation in the HAZ, base metal, and weld metal. The HAZ was found to suffer hydrogen attack at nearly twice the rate of the base metal, but not as rapidly as the weld metal. Nucleation of bubbles does not occur during HA of the HAZ of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, on exposure to hydrogen pressure of 20.5 MPa or less, but does occur at higher pressures up to 31.5 MPa (4500 psi) at 550 °C, or up to 27.5 MPa (4000 psi) at 580 °C. Such nucleation results in enhancement of the HA rate by a factor of six. The weak dependence of nucleation effects on hydrogen pressure and the saturation of the nucleation effects in a short time suggest some thermally activated nucleation of fresh bubbles. Formerly with The Ohio State University.     

核能用2.25Cr-1Mo钢水蒸气氧化行为

 为了研究核电用2.25Cr-1Mo钢的抗蒸汽氧化性能,在500 ℃、0.1 MPa水蒸气条件下,对2.25Cr-1Mo耐热钢进行了600 h的氧化试验,利用分析天平测定样品氧化增重,获得氧化动力学曲线,通过扫描电镜观察分析了氧化膜的形貌和结构,结合X射线衍射和能谱分析对氧化产物进行物相分析。试验结果表明,2.25Cr-1Mo耐热钢的氧化增重曲线符合立方规律;氧化膜为双层结构,氧化膜内层较为致密的主要物相为(Fe,Cr)₃O₄尖晶石,氧化膜外层疏松多孔主要物相为Fe₃O₄和少量Fe₂O₃;腐蚀速率测定结果表明,该材料具有较好的抗蒸汽氧化性能。     

The postweld heat-treatment response of simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zones in a new ferritic steel

The tempering behavior of simulated coarse-grained (CG) heat-affected zones (HAZs) in two ferritic alloy steels, 2.25Cr-1Mo and HCM2S, was investigated. The hardness of HCM2S was found to be stable at longer times and higher temperatures than the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, even though the “as-welded” hardnesses were approximately equal. Both materials reached a peak secondary hardness after tempering for 5 hours at 575 °C. The increase in hardness of the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was due to precipitation of Fe-rich M₃C carbides within the prior-austenite grains, whereas the secondary hardening in HCM2S was due to a fine dispersion of intragranular, W-rich carbides. The HCM2S steel retained its hardness at longer times and higher temperatures than 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, because of the precipitation of intragranular, W-rich carbides and V-rich MC carbides that stabilized the lath structure. This study shows that HCM2S should not be heat treated in the same way as 2.25Cr-1Mo steel and also provides a basis for defining the postweld heat treatment (PWHT) of HCM2S.     

超临界超超临界锅炉管品种的开发现状

本文介绍了超临界、超超临界锅炉管的开发背景和品种发展现状,其中包括铁素体锅炉管、新型奥氏体不锈钢锅炉管、镍基合金锅炉管、加w的2.25%Cr(T/P23)钢管、改进型9% Cr-1% Mo(T/P91)钢管、加W的9% Cr( T/P92)钢管、双金属复合管等锅炉用管的主要化学成分、力学性能和耐蚀性能。     

Decarburization kinetics of low alloy ferritic steels in sodium

The rates of decarburization of low alloy and plain carbon steels in static, isothermal sodium have been measured over the temperature range 1000° to 1300°F. Low alloy steels studies in these tests were 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo (T22), 2-1/4 Cr-1Mo-1Nb,and 2-1/4 Cr-1Mo-low carbon (0.015 C). Plain carbon steels studied were 1020, 1040, and 1095. Periodic measurements of the specific carbon loss (mass of carbon lost per unit surface area of specimen) revealed that the decarburization of normal 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel is controlled by diffusivity and solubility of carbon in the matrix. Decarburization rate constants measured in this study for the normal 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel were found to be in good agreement with rate constants calculated from data reported in previous studies. Tests of modified 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo steels showed that: a) the carbon content of the niobium-stabilized steelwill either remain unchanged or will increase and b) the low carbon steel will decarburize slightly during exposures in the same sodium systems which produce rapid decarburization of the steel with normal amounts of carbon. Decarburization tests on plain carbon steels revealed that both the depths of the decarburized layer and the specific carbon losses were controlled by diffusivity and solubility in the matrix. Comparison of the measured decarburization rate constants with theoreticalvalues (based on a moving-boundary diffusion process) were in good agreement. These data were used to calculate the carbon content at the surfaces of the steels during decarburization in the liquid and vapor phases of a sodium system. It was demonstrated that plain carbon steels can serve as carbon monitors for sodium systems.     

新型Cr-Mo-V精铸热作模具钢的研制

在研究热作模具钢主要成分合金化原理的基础上,用250 kg中频感应炉熔炼研究新型精铸热作模具钢,并采用MG2000高温摩擦磨损试验机对试验钢进行400℃磨损试验。研究结果表明,根据V/C 3.0,C_余0.1%~0.2%,Cr/(Cr+Mo)0.68~0.85,Cr/C_余>16.6,Mo/C_余>16原则,设计的新型精铸热作模具钢(%:0.32C,3.54Cr,2.41Mo,1.02V)具有高的高温耐磨性,其400℃高温磨损率为H13钢(%:0.45C,5.3Cr,1.4Mo,0.83V)的30%,3Cr2W8V钢(%:0.37C,2.48Cr,7.82W,0.41V)的20%~25%。     

Quantification of hydrogen diffusion and trapping in 2.25Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo-V steels with the electrochemical permeation technique and melt extractions

The electrochemical permeation technique was used to investigate the effect of microstructure, hydrogen activity, and stationary dislocations generated by tensile straining on the permeation and degassing of hydrogen. A conventional 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, with which the existing hydrotreating reactors are made, and a 3Cr-1Mo-V steel, which is a candidate material for the future generation of reactors, were selected for this study. The effective diffusion coefficient of hydrogen derived from permeation and degassing transients shows a slower diffusivity in the V-containing steel at room temperature, regardless of the hydrogen activity. A large plastic deformation obtained by tensile straining in the homogeneous deformation domain only leads to a moderate decrease of the hydrogen diffusivity in both steels. The results are compared with the literature data on hydrogen permeation in iron and ferritic steels. On the other hand, the hydrogen content was measured with the melt extraction method after cathodic charging and subsequent aging at room temperature for different times to determine the diffusible (lattice+reversibly trapped) hydrogen concentration. It was shown that the latter is larger in 3Cr-1Mo-V steel, which contains, in addition, a large fraction of “strong reversible” traps. A good concordance was found between the diffusible hydrogen concentration values computed from steady-state permeation measurements and from graphical integration of decay transients. The validity of the quantification, from permeation experiments, of the diffusible hydrogen concentration in materials with complex microstructures is discussed.     

新型CrMnNiN奥氏体不锈钢的抗空穴腐蚀及磨损性能

对新型CrMnNiN不锈钢JA2（0．23C－13Mn-17Cr-1.90Ni-1.5Mo-1Si-0.33N)的抗空穴腐蚀及磨损性能进行了测试，结果表明，这种奥氏体高锰不锈钢具有高的加工硬化率和好的韧性，比目前水轮机转轮及叶片常用的0Cr13Ni5Mo有更高的抗空穴腐蚀性能及耐泥沙磨损性能。