车辆多轮随机动载作用下柔性沥青路面的应变分析

为进行车辆多轮随机动载作用下柔性沥青路面的应变分析,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立考虑柔性沥青路面黏弹性的三维有限元模型,仿真计算车辆多轮随机动载作用下柔性沥青路面三个方向的应变响应,分析车辆多轴作用下路面应变时程变化特性,得到路面各点的最大应变。结果表明,在路面某一位置,三种沥青材料组成的沥青各层顶面和下面层底面产生的三个方向的应变大小及变化规律均不相同;沥青上面层顶面和下面层底面无论是路面长度方向还是宽度方向,各点的三个方向的最大应变均不相同,沿路面长度方向,中、后轴车轮荷载产生的应变大于前轴车轮荷载产生的应变,且横向应变大于纵向和垂向应变。研究结果可为柔性沥青路面结构设计与路面寿命分析及预测提供参考依据。     

粘层材料剪切疲劳特性及层间设计方法研究

沥青路面的性能及使用年限很大程度上取决于其结构层间粘结状态的好坏。在进行沥青路面设计时,路表弯沉及沥青面层层底拉应力通常被视为重要的设计指标,而沥青路面层间剪切疲劳破坏却被忽视,为沥青路面病害的产生埋下隐患。通过系统的沥青路面层间剪切疲劳试验建立了沥青路面层间剪切疲劳方程及疲劳寿命预估模型,并根据沥青路面的实际工作状态,对该模型进行了修正。提出了基于剪切疲劳破坏的沥青路面层间设计方法,结合工程实例,对沥青路面剪切疲劳破坏进行了验算及寿命预估。结果表明:在以传统的路表弯沉及沥青面层层底拉应力为设计指标时,其层间接触不能满足路面剪切疲劳的要求,因此,建议在沥青路面设计中增加沥青层间剪切疲劳设计指标。     

裂缝对路面结构性能的影响分析

通过分析半刚性沥青路面裂缝形成机理,对裂缝引起基层模量衰减使路面结构强度和使用性能的进行应力分析,结果表明半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝的持续拓展,导致半刚性基层碎块化,使其模量值逐渐衰减,最后接近于等效粒料的模量;基层模量的衰减导致沥青层底层底拉应力变大,使路面沥青层较早发生疲劳破坏,从而路面弯沉显著增加,路面结构承载力和使用性能急剧下降。     

PCC路面沥青加铺层荷载应力影响因素正交分析

本文采用有限元方法,分析荷载作用下PCC路面沥青加铺层的力学性能。研究发现,荷载作用下接缝区沥青加铺层底的剪应力明显高于弯拉应力;并进一步采用正交设计法研究了沥青加铺层厚度、PCC路面接缝宽度等因素对沥青加铺层底最大剪应力的影响,确定了各影响因素的显著性水平,分析结果对实际工程应用具有一定的参考意义。     

车桥耦合下钢桥面沥青铺装层动力响应研究

为了研究钢桥面沥青铺装层的动力响应,将车辆车体看成刚体并以匀速进行运动,车辆悬架与车轮均视为由弹簧和阻尼器所组成,将桥面沥青铺装层和钢板视为双层连续粘弹性薄板,并以铺装层表面不平度作为系统的附加激励,车辆和桥面铺装层间采用点接触模型,最终建立车辆-沥青铺装层-钢桥耦合动力学模型,进而采用Wilson-θ法求解系统方程组。在此基础上,应用Fortran语言实现模型的计算,并结合现场测试结果验证程序的准确性和可靠性。研究结果表明:对于钢桥面沥青铺装层,移动车辆产生的动力效应显著,随着后轴轴重的增加,铺装层表面应变幅值和铺装层与钢板间的最大剪应力呈线性增加;随着行车速度增加,铺装层表面应变幅值和铺装层与钢板间的最大剪应力上下波动变化,但两者均在60 km/h的行车速度下数值达到最大;桥梁跨径和桥面宽度对铺装层表面应变幅值和铺装层与钢板间最大剪应力的影响较为显著,桥梁跨径的影响尤为明显。     

基于接触非线性的车-路耦合系统动力响应分析

采用四分之一车辆模型和三维线弹性沥青路面模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,将车、路有限元模型通过接触单元联系在一起,进行了接触非线性瞬态求解。分析了车辆匀速行驶过一段路面时车-路耦合系统的动力响应特点。通过修改系统参数,计算分析了行车速度、路面平整度、基层模量、轮胎刚度、轮胎阻尼、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼等七个参数对车-路耦合系统动力响应的影响。最后分析了车-路耦合系统的共振问题。结果表明：在文章给定的路面结构组合下,最大纵向拉应力和最大横向拉应力均出现在基层和底基层结合处,容易导致疲劳破坏的产生;沥青面层层底剪应力是导致其破坏的主要原因;控制协调好车-路耦合系统中的各个参数,对提高路面寿命和行车舒适性有重要意义;车-路耦合系统的共振问题不容忽视。     

隧道复合式路面沥青层最大剪应力影响因素分析

隧道内复合式路面沥青层的破坏主要源于外部车辆荷载及环境作用下层内较大的剪应力,本文利用有限元工具建立复合式路面结构模型,对车辆竖向荷载、水平荷载、环境温度等对沥青层内最大剪应力的影响状况进行了分析,提出了应注意的有关问题。     

基于线性振幅扫描试验评价硬质沥青的疲劳性能

为评价硬质沥青的疲劳性能,通过旋转薄膜烘箱试验(RTFOT)和压力老化试验(PAV),选用具有代表性的四种硬质沥青和对比试样SBS改性沥青进行了短期老化和长期老化,采用不同温度下的线性振幅扫描试验(LAS)测试了各沥青试样的储能模量、损耗模量、剪切应变、剪切应力等疲劳参数,采用粘弹连续介质损伤模型(VECD模型)计算了沥青的疲劳寿命.结果表明:不同程度的老化均会降低硬质沥青重复荷载作用下应力-应变承受能力、抵抗损伤能力和疲劳寿命;温度升高会一定程度提升硬质沥青抵抗损伤能力和疲劳寿命,降低虚模量衰减;硬质沥青标号越高,则疲劳性能越好,不同油源的同等标号硬质沥青针入度越高,则疲劳性能越好;应力-应变曲线中峰值应力处的应变可以作为评价硬质沥青路面疲劳寿命的评价指标.     

基于数值模拟的降温速率对沥青路面反射裂缝扩展研究

为了防治反射裂缝扩展对沥青路面产生的影响,该文基于数值模拟软件RFPA温度版,对预制裂缝的沥青路面模型进行了不同降温速率条件下反射裂缝扩展的数值试验研究。模拟结果显示:(1)降温速率越快,预制裂缝的AC路面结构出现贯通破坏的时间越早,且结构声发射数量也越多。(2)分析面层多单元信息得知,引起路面破坏的最主要原因是拉应力,且在2条裂缝中间位置会出现应力的最大值。最后基于模拟结果,为了防治裂缝扩展,可以设置应力吸收层或者选择传递系数较低的沥青面层材料为寒区沥青路面的施工提出了一些工程指导意见。     

车、路的相互作用下沥青路面动力学特性分析

文中采用二自由度四分之一汽车悬架模型模拟汽车系统,依据弹性层状体系理论,建立路面结构的三维有限元分析模型,考虑车路相互作用,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对移动车辆荷载作用下路面各结构层中的位移、应力、应变进行了模拟。计算分析了行车速度、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼、轮胎刚度和轮胎阻尼五个参数对路面动力响应的影响。结果表明：沥青面层处于三向受压状态,层内切应力是引起其破坏的主要原因;最大水平拉应力和最大横向拉应力均发生在路面结构的基层和底基层结合处;车速对路面动态响应的影响规律很复杂,应考虑车辆模型和路面不平整度,并划分速度区间加以探讨;路面动态响应随轮胎刚度、悬架刚度和悬架阻尼的增大而减小。上述结论对于深入分析路面结构动力响应与疲劳损坏以及研究车辆与路面相互作用的机理有重要价值。     

Dynamic response of top-down cracked asphalt concrete pavement under a half-sinusoidal impact load

A 3D finite element analysis model of cracked asphalt pavement is established by the FEM software ABAQUS. Based on dynamics mechanics, fracture mechanics and finite element theory, this paper studies the influence of various vehicle speeds, crack location, crack depth, damping ratio etc. on the dynamic response. The results show that the surface deflection, the maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer, and the maximum shear stress of the asphalt layer decreased with the increase in vehicle velocity when there is no crack in the pavement. No matter where the transverse position of the crack is the stress intensity factors increase with the increase in crack depth and decrease exponentially with the increase in longitudinal distance between the vehicle center and the crack. In the case of the crack locating in the center of wheel clearance, the surface deflection increases with the crack depth increasing. But if the crack is at the edge of the wheel track, there will be a critical vehicle velocity where the surface deflection is smaller than the asphalt pavement without crack if the vehicle velocity is above it. The maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum shear stress of the asphalt layer are also smaller than the asphalt pavement without crack. The maximum tensile strain and the maximum shear stress decrease with the damping ratio increasing. So the increase in damping ratio can help to alleviate the propagation of cracks.     

Analysis of inverted base pavements with thin-asphalt layers

Inverted base pavements are flexible pavement structures built by placing a top quality compacted granular aggregate base between a rigid cement-treated base and a thin-asphalt surface layer. The proximity of the granular base to the load makes its behaviour critical to the pavement response. Three-dimensional finite-element simulations are conducted to assess the mechanical performance of different inverted base pavement structures, with emphasis placed on pavements that feature thin-asphalt surface layers. A nonlinear constitutive model captures the anisotropic stress-dependent stiffness of the granular base. Results show that the stress distribution within inverted base pavements is markedly different from that of conventional pavements due to the stiffness contrast between successive layers. Thin-asphalt layers deform more uniformly and experience lower tension than thick layers. However, in the presence of combined shear and vertical contact loads, the benefits of a membrane response in thin asphalt concrete layers may be overwhelmed by the increased tensile strain at the load edge. The transition from beam to membrane asphalt response depends on the relative stiffness between the asphalt layer and the aggregate base. In most cases, the transition takes place at an asphalt layer thickness between 25 mm and 50 mm.     

考虑加载速度影响的沥青混合料疲劳方程

为了建立沥青混合料强度与疲劳行为之间的联系,通过不同加载速率下的沥青混合料直接拉伸强度试验,揭示了强度随加载速率的幂函数变化规律;基于不同加载速率下的强度值,得到了与疲劳加载速率对应的沥青混合料疲劳真实应力比;通过疲劳试验,创建了基于名义应力比和真实应力比的沥青混合料疲劳方程,基于名义应力比的疲劳方程后延后与横坐标的交点远比1 大,不具有后延性,而基于真实应力比的疲劳方程可以后延到疲劳寿命为1 的强度破坏点,统一了强度破坏与疲劳破坏行为;据此推导了沥青路面抗拉强度结构系数计算新方法;研究结果可为我国公路沥青路面设计规范的修订提供理论依据.     

A mechanistic approach to evaluate the potential of the debonding distress in asphalt pavements

The debonding distress in asphalt pavement structures is a critical problem that affects the performance of asphalt concrete pavements. It occurs at the layer interface due to the poor bond quality between adjacent asphalt concrete layers and/or when stresses at the layer interface exceed the strengths of the material at the interface. The debonding of the adjacent layers, especially the top surface layer of an asphalt pavement, is a contributing factor to the premature cracking of pavements. Hence, the debonding distress can lead to a reduction in the life of the pavement. This paper presents an analytical and experimental framework to evaluate the potential for debonding at the layer interface of asphalt concrete pavements. Computational analysis was performed to determine the critical stress and strain states in layered asphalt pavements under moving vehicle loads using the Layered ViscoElastic pavement analysis for Critical Distresses (LVECD) computer program developed at North Carolina State University. This computational analysis enables a greater understanding of the critical stress that is involved in debonding and the ways that such stress is affected by pavement design parameters and environmental conditions. In addition, a prediction model was developed that can determine the shear bond strength at the interface of asphalt concrete layers with different tack coat materials at various temperatures, loading rates and normal confining stresses. The systematic and mechanistic framework developed in this study employs the maximum shear ratio concept as a shear failure criterion and provides a tool to evaluate the effects of various loading, environmental and pavement factors on the debonding potential of asphalt pavements. The overall advantages of the mechanistic framework and approach using the LVECD analysis tool will help lead to better understanding of the debonding mechanism, proper selection of the tack coats, and economic benefit in highway pavement maintenance and rehabilitation costs.     

基于数字散斑相关技术的老化沥青砂浆自愈合特性

沥青砂浆作为沥青混合料结构体系的分散相,其老化后的自愈合特性是影响沥青混合料路用性能的重要部分,结合沥青路面服务环境的实际情况,将老化程度及愈合时间作为条件,采用数字散斑技术进行沥青砂浆的损伤愈合实验,分析并观测其损伤愈合过程。结果表明,利用数字散斑相关技术可以很好地观测沥青砂浆损伤愈合过程;经过短期老化后的沥青砂浆在损伤愈合过程中预切口位移最大;长期老化后两种沥青砂浆的愈合值都有所提升,并且基质沥青砂浆比SBS沥青砂浆具有更好的愈合效果;沥青砂浆在愈合过程中分为二个阶段,第一阶段愈合速率较高,愈合值较大,第二阶段愈合率下降,愈合需要更长的时间。     

Modelling of 3D response pulse at the bottom of asphalt layer using a novel function and artificial neural network

Fatigue life of asphalt mixes in laboratory tests is commonly determined by applying a haversine or sinusoidal load with a specific frequency. However, the frequency (time duration) and shape of horizontal tensile stress and strain pulses at the bottom the asphalt layer depend on pavement design (thickness and stiffness of layers) and loading specifications (speed and contact radius). The first objective of this paper is to introduce a novel function for a more realistic representation of 3D response (stress and strain pulses in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions) at the bottom of the asphalt layer. The second objective is to establish a framework for determination of magnitude and shape of 3D response pulse at the bottom of the asphalt layer using artificial neural network. This framework enables designers to predict the shape and magnitude of stress and strain pulses in three directions based on some parameters related to pavement structure and loading specifications.     

Evaluation of low-temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking is the major damage in asphalt pavement, and many test methods have been used to evaluate the anti-cracking property of asphalt mixture. This paper evaluates the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture using four tests namely: beam bending test, indirect tensile test, contraction coefficient test and thermal stress restrained specimen test. Five types of asphalt mixtures namely: A, B, C, D and E were evaluated. Results show that compared with the thermal stress restrained specimen test, beam bending test, indirect tensile test and contraction coefficient test are not appropriate for the evaluation of asphalt mixtures low temperature performance. Moreover, results of gray relational analysis demonstrate that the bending strain energy density is significantly correlated to fracture temperature. It is reasonable to adopt the critical values of bending strain energy density to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture in the absence of fracture temperature.     

Effect of pavement design parameters on the behaviour of orthotropic steel bridge deck pavements under traffic loading

This study evaluated the effect of the pavement design parameters on the behaviour of orthotropic steel bridge deck pavements under traffic loading using a three-dimensional finite element model. Four types of paving materials were considered in this analysis: polymer concrete, epoxy asphalt concrete, polymer-modified stone mastic asphalt concrete and mastic asphalt concrete. The maximum transverse tensile strain was developed at the bottom of the pavement under a tyre of dual tyres or on top of the pavement between two tyres. From the sensitivity analysis, better interface bonding between the deck plate and pavement led to a significant enhancement of bottom-up fatigue cracking resistance, especially for 40-mm-thick pavements. As pavement temperature increased from ? 20 to 60°C, critical tensile strain increased significantly, and corresponding locations moved from the bottom to the top of the deck pavement.