裂缝对路面结构性能的影响分析

通过分析半刚性沥青路面裂缝形成机理,对裂缝引起基层模量衰减使路面结构强度和使用性能的进行应力分析,结果表明半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝的持续拓展,导致半刚性基层碎块化,使其模量值逐渐衰减,最后接近于等效粒料的模量;基层模量的衰减导致沥青层底层底拉应力变大,使路面沥青层较早发生疲劳破坏,从而路面弯沉显著增加,路面结构承载力和使用性能急剧下降。     

层间接触对环氧沥青混凝土复合道面结构性能的影响

为了探究环氧沥青混凝土加铺层这种快速、有效的机场道面修建技术,利用ANSYS有限元程序,基于足尺多板体系,考虑了结构层之间不同的接触状态以及旧道面板之间的传荷能力,对复合道面结构层间受力状态进行了分析,结果表明:旧水泥混凝土道面板与基础之间的接触状况对加铺层弯沉影响略大,环氧沥青混凝土与旧水泥混凝土道面板之间的接触状况对复合道面结构应力指标影响明显,增强加铺层界面粘结强度能够改善复合道面结构受力状态,因此,在进行加铺层设计时要考虑选取合理的层间接触状态。     

沥青结合料老化对路面功能层力学性能的影响

为考察沥青结合料老化对路面功能层力学性能的影响,运用Bisar和Ansys程序计算了不同老化程度的沥青路面的应力应变分布情况.通过计算分析可知:沥青层中产生的最大拉应力位于路表面双轮中心处;路面老化后,沥青层中产生的最大拉应力增加,最大拉应变与未老化路面相比,基本处于同一水平;在老化的前期(老化程度较轻时),沥青路面层内产生的最大剪应力远大于沥青路面层产生的最大拉应力;随着路面老化程度的加深,路面表面双轮中心处的拉应力(沥青层内产生的最大拉应力)接近甚至大于沥青面层的最大剪应力;这表明,路面在使用前期容易发生剪切破坏,随着路面老化程度的加深,路面更容易产生拉伸破坏.     

车辆制动作用对沥青路面的影响分析

运用ANSYS软件建立沥青路面结构三维有限元模型,通过具体算例分析了车辆制动作用对沥青路面的路表弯沉、结构应力的影响,论证了车辆制动对沥青路面的破坏作用,对沥青路面的结构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

机场环氧沥青混凝土加铺复合道面荷载应力分析

为了探究环氧沥青混凝土加铺层这种机场道面修建技术,分析复合道面结构参数对荷载应力的影响,利用ANSYS建立了机场复合道面三维有限元模型,计算荷载为SU-27飞机荷载,选取了环氧沥青加铺层顶面荷载应力、底面对应接缝处应力、底面对应接缝处弯沉值以及旧道面板最大拉应力为考察指标,分别计算了各结构参数对荷载应力的影响,并利用正交设计分析了各结构参数对荷载应力影响的显著性。结果表明:加铺层厚度、加铺层模量、基础模量与考察指标都显著相关,应作为机场环氧沥青加铺层设计的主要分析指标,因此,在设计环氧沥青加铺层时要选取合理的加铺厚度,并对基础进行必要的检测,采取相应的技术措施进行处理。     

PCC路面沥青加铺层荷载应力影响因素正交分析

本文采用有限元方法,分析荷载作用下PCC路面沥青加铺层的力学性能。研究发现,荷载作用下接缝区沥青加铺层底的剪应力明显高于弯拉应力;并进一步采用正交设计法研究了沥青加铺层厚度、PCC路面接缝宽度等因素对沥青加铺层底最大剪应力的影响,确定了各影响因素的显著性水平,分析结果对实际工程应用具有一定的参考意义。     

复合材料单向层合板损伤失效试验研究

对T300/BMP-316单向层合板静载及疲劳加载各主方向损伤失效进行了试验研究, 为建立该材料各主方向疲劳加载剩余刚度退化表达式及剩余强度退化表达式提供了依据。同时, 获得了该材料剪切非线性因子, 给出了面内剪切疲劳加载试验循环过程中剪切刚度计算公式, 使用渗透剂增强的X射线图像技术对试样静载及疲劳破坏损伤状态进行了无损检测, 并对损伤失效机理形式进行了分析探讨。试验表明, 层合板结构应力分析中考虑材料剪切应力-应变的非线性效应是非常必要的。      

单向层合板拉-拉及压-压疲劳加载材料退化模型

以刚度退化为基础,并结合正则化疲劳寿命预测方法,推导建立了单层板疲劳累积损伤过程剩余刚度退化模型,同时给出了剩余强度退化模型.本文退化模型适用于拉-拉及压-压疲劳加载任意应力水平和应力比下的单层板疲劳寿命预测,所建立的剩余刚度退化模型显著减少为获得模型参数所必需的试验件数量,经济性好.最后,通过试验研究,建立了材料T300/BMP-316单向层合板疲劳加载各主方向剩余刚度退化表达式、剩余强度退化表达式及疲劳寿命表达式,为层合板结构疲劳损伤分析提供了有力依据.     

考虑三维应力的复合材料层压板疲劳寿命分析

由于层间应力的存在,受面内载荷作用的复合材料层压板实际处于多轴应力状态。构建了由刚性元、弹簧元和二维板元构成的准三维有限元模型,结合单向板在典型应力状态下的疲劳试验结果和疲劳损伤模型,发展了一种考虑三维应力的、预测任意铺层多向层压板疲劳寿命的分析方法,包括应力分析、静力和疲劳累积损伤失效分析及材料性能退化3个主要部分,能够模拟面内和层间损伤产生、发展直至层压板整体破坏的完整过程,并得到疲劳寿命。对2种T300/QY8911多向铺层板进行了实际计算,寿命预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。      

基于接触非线性的车-路耦合系统动力响应分析

采用四分之一车辆模型和三维线弹性沥青路面模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,将车、路有限元模型通过接触单元联系在一起,进行了接触非线性瞬态求解。分析了车辆匀速行驶过一段路面时车-路耦合系统的动力响应特点。通过修改系统参数,计算分析了行车速度、路面平整度、基层模量、轮胎刚度、轮胎阻尼、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼等七个参数对车-路耦合系统动力响应的影响。最后分析了车-路耦合系统的共振问题。结果表明：在文章给定的路面结构组合下,最大纵向拉应力和最大横向拉应力均出现在基层和底基层结合处,容易导致疲劳破坏的产生;沥青面层层底剪应力是导致其破坏的主要原因;控制协调好车-路耦合系统中的各个参数,对提高路面寿命和行车舒适性有重要意义;车-路耦合系统的共振问题不容忽视。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.