禽流感病毒核蛋白基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的　以 1株H5N1 亚型禽流感病毒RNA为模板扩增NP全基因cDNA ,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法　提取禽流感病毒RNA ,以RT PCR法扩增编码NP基因cDNA并测序 ,将其克隆到pET 2 8a原核表达载体 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)plysS中表达 ,用SDS PAGE和Westernblot检测表达产物。结果　所克隆的核苷酸片段包含了核蛋白基因完整阅读框架 ,编码 4 98个氨基酸 ,构建的重组表达载体在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)plysS中表达出相对分子质量约为 5 5 0 0 0的重组蛋白 ,该重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。结论　已成功克隆和表达了禽流感病毒核蛋白基因 ,为禽流感新型免疫学诊断试剂的研制奠定了基础     

及鉴定

目的研制基因工程胰高血糖素,用于治疗因注射胰岛素或口服抗糖尿病药物而引起的严重低血糖反应.方法依据人胰高血糖素氨基酸组成序列,采用大肠杆菌出现频率高的氨基酸密码子,体外合成胰高血糖素基因序列,克隆于pGEX-1N质粒,转化入BL21(DE3)菌中,对阳性克隆转化质粒进行DNA测序.用IPTG诱导转化的胰高血糖素工程菌,产生谷胱苷肽转移酶的融合蛋白,经谷胱苷肽Sepharose4B亲和层析后,由FactorXa酶进行柱上切割,最后用RP-HPLC得到纯化产物.产品用质谱法测相对分子质量,并对N末端15个氨基酸测序.结果DNA测序显示克隆基因序列正确,产品相对分子质量为3486,N末端15个氨基酸序列与理论值相同,产率为1.9mg/L.结论获得以可溶性融合蛋白方式表达的胰高血糖素基因工程菌,适于快速生产天然序列重组胰高血糖素.     

重组人白细胞介素-10融合表达载体的构建及其在BL21(DE3)pLysE细菌细胞中的表达

目的　构建重组人白细胞介素 10 (recombinanthumaninterleukin 10 ,rhIL 10 )融合蛋白的表达载体 ,并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法　应用RT PCR方法扩增IL 10基因 ,克隆PCR产物 ,构建PCRR○T7/NT TOPOR○ IL 10重组质粒 ,以AppiedBiosystems 370 0DNA分析仪进行分析。构建成功的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)pLysE细胞 ,经 12 %SDS PAGE鉴定融合表达蛋白。结果　PCRR○T7/NT TOPOR○ 质粒已载入rhIL 10基因 ,其序列与理论设计完全一致 ,表达质粒在BL2 1(DE3)pLysE中得到高效表达 ,产物主要以包涵体形式存在。结论　已成功构建重组PCRR○T7/NT TOPOR○ IL 10质粒载体 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)pLysE细胞内高效表达     

大肠杆菌肉碱脱水酶基因的克隆、测序及高效表达

［摘 要］目的 克隆并表达大肠杆菌肉碱脱水酶基因。方法 用聚合酶链反应（PCR）从大肠杆菌K12s中扩增大肠杆菌肉碱脱水酶基因caiB，测定其DNA序列，将caiB基因重组到T7启动子控制下的表达载体pET－28a（＋）中，构建表达质粒pETCaiB，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），用1mmol/L异两基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达。结果 克隆得到的肉碱脱水酶编码基因 caiB长度为 1221bp，与文献报道值相比,DNA序列有26个不同，氨基酸序列只有一个不同，即302位的丙氨酸变为苏氨酸。重组菌经IPTG诱导，可高效表达，SDS－PAGE分析表达蛋白相对分子质量约43000，表达产物含量占菌体总蛋白45％以上。结论 得到了高效表达肉碱脱水酶的重组菌，为制备L-肉碱创造了条件。     

人内毒素结合肽基因的突变及突变体蛋白表达

目的分析亲代人内毒素结合肽一级结构,选择可能影响其生物学活性的氨基酸对应碱基位点进行突变,克隆基因突变体mEBP基因并研究其蛋白表达。方法以亲代EBP基因为基础,结合DNASIS软件理化性质分析确定突变碱基,应用PCR定点诱变技术进行第5、18位谷氨酰胺→赖氨酸的定点突变。并将其克隆至原核融合表达载体pinpointXa-3,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS进行表达,经Western blot鉴定。结果突变EBP基因13及52位核苷酸由C突变为A,构建的阳性重组子经酶切及测序鉴定证实与设计序列完全一致,经IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS表达生物素化的融合蛋白,Western blot鉴定显示能与抗生物素单克隆抗体结合。结论已成功获得EBP基因突变体,并在大肠杆菌以融合蛋白的形式进行表达。     

重组DT/bFGF融合蛋白基因表达载体的构建及表达产物的纯化

目的构建重组DT/bFGF融合蛋白表达载体,制备高纯度的DLF融合毒素。方法PCR扩增DT389和bFGF的编码DNA序列,经酶切和连接,克隆至表达载体pET-30a,转化E.coliBL21(DE3),鉴定阳性克隆菌落,经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白DLF,镍离子螯合层析纯化,用Westernblot分析其抗原性。结果测序表明,插入片段可编码含545个氨基酸残基的融合蛋白DLF。SDS-PAGE分析表明,该融合蛋白可在大肠杆菌中表达,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%,表达形式主要为包涵体。纯化后纯度达90%以上。Westernblot证实,该融合蛋白同时具有DT和bFGF两种抗原性。结论已成功构建DT/bF-GF表达载体,并获得较纯的DLF融合毒素。     

TRAIL与导向肽融合基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的生物学活性

目的获得具有生物学活性的与导向肽融合表达的重组TRAIL蛋白,提高TRAIL对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。方法构建TRAIL与导向多肽PEPHC1的融合基因,克隆入质粒pGEM-3zf(-)中进行测序,序列正确后,亚克隆入表达载体pBV220中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,温度诱导表达。结果42℃诱导4h,融合基因得到了表达,SDS-PAGE表明目的蛋白占菌体总蛋白的15%以上,以包涵体形式存在。经包涵体洗涤、变性、复性,并经离子交换层析柱纯化后可得到融合蛋白PE-TRAIL,经体外试验证明具有生物学活性。结论成功克隆并表达了具有生物学活性的与导向肽融合表达的重组TRAIL蛋白。     

人sΔBAFF的高效原核表达及纯化

目的克隆TNF家族B细胞激活因子(BcellactivatingfactortotheTNFfamily,BAFF)胞外区134~285(sBAFF134-285)氨基酸残基段缺失突变体(sΔBAFF)的cDNA,并进行表达及纯化。方法以构建的重组质粒pUC19/sBAFF为模板,采用一步反向PCR法,扩增缺失编码sBAFF的142~160位氨基酸的核苷酸序列。经测序证实后,克隆入原核表达载体pQE-80L。经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达产物,Ni2+-NTA柱层析纯化目的蛋白。结果经一步反向PCR扩增后得到401bp的DNA片段,该片段序列与GenBank报道的编码人ΔBAFF的胞外区(sΔBAFF)cDNA序列一致。含sΔBAFF的表达载体在大肠杆菌中可表达出相对分子质量为18000的蛋白质并以包涵体的形式存在,经Ni2+-NTA柱层析纯化后得到高纯度的目的蛋白。结论已成功地制备出人sΔBAFF蛋白,为其功能的研究创造了条件。     

重组李斯特菌细胞溶解素LLO蛋白表达纯化及溶血活性鉴定

目的克隆单核细胞增生症李斯特菌细胞溶解素O(LLO)基因hlyA,构建其原核表达系统,鉴定融合蛋白LLO的抗原性和溶血活性。方法采用PCR技术从Lm总DNA中扩增hlyA基因,与基因库中其它9株hlyA基因序列相比较。用pET30a载体构建LLO原核表达质粒pET30ahlyA,在E.coliBL21(DE3)宿主菌中用IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+柱纯化后,Westernblot鉴定其抗原性。用人红细胞检测溶血活性。结果所克隆的hlyA基因PEST样结构与GenBank上9个菌株的相应氨基酸序列相比,最多有3个氨基酸替代。LLO融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中可高效表达,纯化后获得高纯度的重组蛋白,具有较高的抗原性。在酸性pH5.5条件下,LLO溶血活性最大为1.41×104HU/mg。结论已成功构建LLO原核表达系统,所表达的蛋白具有较高的抗原性和溶血活性。     

结核杆菌Ag85A蛋白与日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的融合表达与纯化

目的　对结核杆菌Ag85A抗原基因进行克隆、表达与纯化 ,为研制新型结核杆菌血清学诊断试剂奠定基础。方法　以结核杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板 ,经PCR扩增Ag85A抗原基因成熟肽编码区 ,定向克隆入原核表达载体pGEX1 λT中日本血吸虫谷胱苷肽硫转移酶 (GST)编码区下游构建重组质粒 ,经DNA测序鉴定后 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 9株 ,IPTG诱导表达 ,采用GST蛋白纯化试剂盒进行重组融合蛋白纯化 ,SDS -PAGE和Westernblot鉴定重组表达产物。结果　PCR扩增获得了约 90 0bp的目的基因片断 ,定向克隆入原核表达载体pGEX1 -λT后 ,对重组质粒进行DNA测序发现 ,插入片段与GenBank中结核杆菌Ag85A抗原基因成熟肽编码区同源性为 99 .8%。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌后 ,经IPTG诱导表达 ,纯化的融合蛋白相对分子质量为 5 80 0 0 ,Westernblot检测该融合蛋白能与兔抗结核杆菌多价抗血清发生反应。结论　本研究为研制结核杆菌血清学检测试剂盒及相关分子免疫学研究奠定了基础。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.