非织造布用抗菌聚丙烯纤维的制备及性能研究

选用高效、热稳定良好的有机类抗菌剂(KJ-1)与纤维级聚丙烯(PP)粉料混炼挤出，制备非织造布用抗菌PP树脂及抗菌PP纤维，研究了抗菌剂及其添加量对PP抗菌性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响，并对非织造布用抗菌PP纤维的抗菌性能和力学性能进行表征。结果表明：抗菌剂KJ-1分解温度为260℃,可满足与PP混炼挤出加工要求；添加KJ-1质量分数为0.02%时，抗菌PP树脂对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均大于99%,灰分质量分数为0.019%,230℃时其加工性能与纯PP树脂非常接近；添加KJ-1质量分数0.02%制备2.22 dtex×40 mm非织造布用抗菌PP纤维，纺丝过程中工艺参数波动较小，喷丝板使用时间为22.8 h,纤维断裂强度为1.9 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为325.4%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均大于99%,抗菌长效性达250 d以上。     

LZB—GC抗菌剂在医用聚丙烯中的应用研究

将LZB-GC抗菌剂采用机械共混的方法按一定比例添加到医用聚丙烯(PP)材料中,测试不同抗菌剂用量对PP材料力学和抗菌性能的影响.结果表明,抗菌剂的添加量越高,抗菌性能越好;当抗菌剂添加量为6%～8%时,PP塑料抗菌性最好.另外也发现,抗菌剂的少量添加(≤10%),对抗菌PP材料的力学性能影响较小.     

抗菌剂对滑石粉填充聚丙烯材料基础性能与散发特性的影响

利用熔融共混的方法制备了抗菌滑石粉填充聚丙烯(PP)材料,研究无机银离子抗菌剂含量对滑石粉填充PP材料力学性能、抗菌效果、耐划擦性能、长效抗菌性能和散发特性的影响。结果表明:添加1%(质量分数)的无机银离子抗菌剂,材料弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度略有增加,增加幅度约为5%;当抗菌剂添加质量分数超过0.7%时,抗菌效率均超过99.9%;无机银离子抗菌剂具有良好的耐热性能,对PP材料热氧老化基本无明显影响。当抗菌剂质量分数达到0.7%时,在150℃放置400 h后,该体系抗菌效率仍可以超过99.9%;相对非抗菌材料,抗菌剂对材料耐划擦性能和散发特性无明显影响,且划擦后的抗菌效率超过99.9%;添加抗菌滑石粉填充PP材料的抗菌持久性较好,适合作为健康汽车材料应用。     

纳米无机抗菌剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

聚丙烯(PP)在使用过程中容易受到有害微生物的污染,采用双螺杆挤出机将纳米无机抗菌剂与聚丙烯进行熔融共混制备了抗菌PP,研究了抗菌PP的力学性能和抗菌性能。采用扫描电镜观察纳米无机抗菌剂在PP中的分散情况;通过原子吸收分光光度计测定了抗菌剂中银离子的溶出量。结果表明:添加4种纳米无机抗菌剂的PP均具有抗菌效果。其中,当RHA-M型抗菌剂添加量为0.2%时,抑菌环直径最小,为8.5 mm;当RHA-M型抗菌剂添加量为1.0%时,抑菌环直径最大,为30.1 mm;银离子溶出实验说明PP复合材料具有一定的抗菌持久性;通过测试该抗菌PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度,表明4种抗菌剂的加入对PP的性能影响较小。     

PP非织造布的生物大分子接枝改性

采用环氧型交联剂乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)及生物大分子(壳聚糖或胶原蛋白)对氨气低温等离子体处理后的聚丙烯(PP)非织造布进行表面接枝改性,探讨了接枝反应条件及改性PP非织造布的染色性、亲水性及抗菌性能。结果表明:氨气低温等离子体处理后的PP非织造布表面产生了可参与接枝反应的活性基团;EGDE具有较好的交联效果,壳聚糖的接枝效果高于胶原蛋白,较佳的接枝反应条件为交联剂0.15 g,壳聚糖质量浓度12 g/L,反应温度45℃,反应时间8 h;壳聚糖接枝改性后PP非织造布的染色性、亲水性及抗菌性能均得到改善,其酸性染料上染率约49%,芯吸高度0.8 cm,对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的抗菌率分别达96.9%和93.4%。     

勃姆石阻燃改性PP复合材料的制备及其性能研究

将勃姆石(BM)添加到聚丙烯(PP)基体中,利用共混的方法制备了PP/BM复合材料,系统研究了BM用量对PP/BM复合材料阻燃性能、热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入BM后,PP/BM的LOI逐渐提高,抑制了熔滴的滴落,UL 94等级达到V-0级,复合材料的阻燃性能显著提高;随着BM用量的增加,PP/BM的热分解温度和燃烧后的残炭率逐渐提高,热变形温度随BM用量的增加先升高后降低;BM的加入能够改善PP/BM复合材料的力学性能;少量BM在PP基体中分散性良好,且随着BM用量的增加,PP/BM复合材料的粗糙度逐渐提高;但当BM用量为30%时,BM在PP基体中形成团聚体。     

聚丙烯抗菌塑料的制备及性能研究

将表面处理过的载银无机抗菌剂与聚丙烯(PP)经双螺杆挤出得到高浓度的抗菌母料,然后按一定比例添加到PP中制备了PP抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料的毒性、添加量对PP抗菌塑料抗菌性能的影响,抗菌剂在PP抗菌塑料中的分散性,以及PP抗菌塑料的抗菌性能、力学性能和光老化性能。结果表明,抗菌剂在含4%(质量含量,下同)抗菌母料(或1%的抗菌剂)的PP抗菌塑料中分散均匀,基体力学性能不受影响;其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等的抗菌率都达到99%以上,具有高效、广谱和长效抗菌性能以及良好的光老化性能。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯抗菌防霉复合材料制备及性能

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,玻璃纤维直接无捻粗纱为增强体,采用双螺杆混炼工艺制备玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料。通过调整2组2个剪切块配合深槽螺杆输送单元,尽量减少对玻纤的挤压和磨损,从而保持玻纤长度,最后通过加粗口径口模出料。在制备的玻纤增强PP复合材料中添加无机磷酸锆载银复合抗菌剂以提高材料的抗菌防霉性能,分别探讨了玻纤和抗菌剂含量(质量分数)对材料力学性能、耐热氧老化性能的影响,研究了抗菌剂含量对材料抗菌防霉性能的影响,并在最佳配方下考察了热氧老化和水浴老化对材料抗菌防霉性能的影响。结果表明,随着玻纤含量的增加,材料力学性能增加明显,当玻纤含量达到25%时,与未加玻纤的相比,拉伸强度提高194%,弯曲强度提高225%,缺口冲击强度提高475%;经150℃热氧老化4000 h后,材料的力学性能较未老化时没有发生明显下降;抗菌剂含量对材料力学性能和耐热氧老化性能影响较小;抗菌剂含量达到0.5%以上时玻纤含量对抗菌性能无影响,且抗菌率大于99.9%,防霉等级1级;最佳配方是玻纤含量25%和抗菌剂含量1%,在该配方下制得的复合材料经过4000 h的150℃热氧老化和95℃水浴老化后抗菌率仍高于99%,防霉等级仍为1级。     

聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体共混物的制备与性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了一系列聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)共混物,采用热重分析、示差扫描量热分析和拉伸测试对所得样品进行了热性能及力学性能的表征。结果表明,随着POE含量的增加,PP的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均呈现先增加后减小的趋势。而当POE的含量低于5%时,样品的熔融温度明显低于纯PP的熔融温度;而当其含量超过5%时,样品的熔融温度与纯样基本一致。另外,POE的引入导致PP的热降解温度降低。     

抗菌聚丙烯专用树脂的开发

通过筛选抗菌剂,研究了新型高效有机型抗菌剂KJY-3、有机-无机银系复合型抗菌剂KJW-2添加量对抗菌聚丙烯(PP)专用树脂抗菌效果的影响及其抗菌原理、抗菌特性,分析了2种抗菌PP的热力学、物理机械性能及加工工艺对抗菌PP质量的影响.结果表明:KJY-3和KJW-2抗菌剂的适宜加入量分别为1000,2 000μg/g;生产的抗菌PP专用树脂抗菌性能高效、广谱、持久且安全;KJY-3和KJW-2抗菌PP常温冲击强度分别提高到78,82 J/m.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。