The adsorbing effect of calcined layered double hydroxide for chloride ions in simulated concrete pore solutions

The adsorbing effect of calcined layered double hydroxide （CLDH） for chloride ions in simulated concrete pore （SCP） solutions was investigated with the potentiodynamic polarization method, impedance measurement, ion selective electrode analysis and XRD. CLDH could effectively adsorb Cl^- and increase pH value in SCP solutions containing NaCl. The chloride to hydroxyl ions ratio （[C1^-]/[OH^-]） of the solution greatly decreased by CLDH treatment. In CLDH treated SCP solution with CI-, the pitting potential of carbon steel notably increased, and the surface impedance was much higher, indicating strengthened passivation. The process of CLDH adsorbing chloride ions from SCP solutions was accompanied with the reconstruction of the layered structure.     

Localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study on the corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr alloy in the solution with Cl− and SO4 2−

The corrosion behaviors of Fe-Cr alloy under three different pH values solutions with Cl- and SO42- were investigated by localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) measurements and the corrosion products were analyzed by laser Raman spectrometry. The results show that the high corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr Alloy is attributed to a passive film which is formed more easily when the alloy contains a large quantity of Cr element. However, its corrosion resistance varies in the solutions with different pH values, especially in the initial corrosion. The average impedance values in neutral and alkaline solution are much higher than that in acidic solution because the passive film is more likely to dissolve in the acidic condition. Moreover, the destructive effect of Cl- and SO42+ ions on the passive film is also demonstrated in corrosion process through the change of the impedance value with the steeping time.     

Inhibition effect of a synthesized N, N＇-bis（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）- 1, 3-propandiimine on corrosion of mild steel in HC1

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl by N, N′-bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-1, 3-propandiimine (2-HBP) has been investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry measurements. The experimental results suggest that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. Polarization curves reveal that this organic compound is a mixed type inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel with the addition of the Schiff base was studied in the temperature range from 25℃ to 65℃. The experimentally obtained adsorption isotherms follow the Langmuir equation. Activation and thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as E a , ΔH, ΔS, K ads and ΔG ads were calculated by the corrosion currents at different temperatures and using the adsorption isotherm. The morphology of mild steel surface in the absence and presence of 2-HBP was examined by atomic force microscope (AFM) images.     

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel under low stress below yield strength

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel(316L SS)under various stress was studied by potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and Mott-Schottky(M-S)analysis in 3.5% NaCl solution.The results of polarization curves show that,with the increase of the stress,the pitting potentials and the passive current density markedly decrease firstly(180 MPa),and then increase greatly(200 MPa).The corresponding surface morphologies of the samples after the polarization test well correspond to the results.Mott-Schottky analysis proved the least Cl-adsorbed to the surface of passive film with more positive flat potential,indicating that a moderate stress could increase the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L SS in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

Formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 dual phase inclusion in Ti stabilized stainless steel

The formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 dual phase inclusion in 321 stainless steel was investigated in the laboratory. The result indicated that the condition for the formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 in 321 steel is [Ca]〉0.001wt%, [Ti]〉0.1wt%, and [A1]〉0.01wt%. The mechanism is the following： Al2O3 inclusion turns into CaO-Al2O3 after Ca-Si wire is fed into the molten steel; [Mg] is then obtained by reducing MgO in slag or crucible wall by [Al] and [Ti]; finally CaO-Al2O3 inclusion is changed into CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 by the reaction with [Mg], [Ti], and [O] in the molten steel simultaneously.     

Adsorption isotherm mechanism of amino organic compounds as mild steel corrosion inhibitors by electrochemical measurement method

The inhibition ability of 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-trizole-3-thiol (APTT), ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and thiourea (TU) for mild steel corrosion in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution at 30 ℃ was investigated. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the influence of these organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution at 30 ℃. The inhibition mechanism was discussed in terms of Langmuir isotherm model. Results obtained...     

Passivation method of 317L stainless steel used in medicine

The electrochemical performance of 317L stainless steel used in medicine under different conditions of passivation(Different conternts of HNO3 solution,different passivation time and different passivation temperatures)was studied.The results show that the pitting potential of 317L stainless steel used in medicine can reach about 1.0V(SCE) when electrochemically tested in 0.9% NaCl solution after the steel was passivated in 30% HNO3 solution at 35℃for 6h,which indicates that the passivation film has a relatively strong resistance to corrosion,The results also show that the corrosion resistance of the passivation film on the surface of 317SS can be increased after suitable amount of K2Cr2O7 is added into NHO3 passivation solution.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of arc sprayed Zn and Zn15Al coatings in simulated salina soil and neutral meadow soil solutions

Arc sprayed Zn and Zn15Al coatings were chosen to protect the metal ends of prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles against corrosion of salina soil in northern china and neutral meadow soil in northeast China. The corrosion behavior of the coated Q235 steel samples in two simulated soil solutions were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The experimental results show that the corrosion of the matrix Q235 steel in both simulated solutions is remarkably inhibited by Zn and Zn15Al coatings. The corrosion products on Zn and Zn15Al are thick, compact, firm and protective. The corrosion current density icorr of both Zn and Zn15Al-coated samples is decreased evidently with corrosion time, and the charge transfer resistance Rct is increased greatly. The corrosion resistance indexes of Zn and Zn15Al in simulated neutral meadow soil solution are more outstanding than those in salina soil. The corrosion resistance of Zn15Al in salina soil is slightly superior to that of Zn. When the sprayed coatings are sealed with epoxy resin, the corrosion resistance of the coatings is further enhanced markedly.     

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By the electrochemical method in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaC1 solution, the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results show that the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of the single alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds of alloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaC1 solution have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloying of low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique to enhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon steel with bulk coating holidays

With epoxy coal tar as the coating material, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Q235 with different kinds of bulk coating holidays has been investigated with EIS （Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy） in a 3.5vo1% NaCI aqueous solution. The area ratio of bulk coating holiday to total coating area of steel is 4.91%. The experimental results showed that at free corrosion potential, the corrosion of carbon steel with disbonded coating holiday is heavier than that with broken holiday and disbonded ＆ broken holiday with time; Moreover, the effectiveness of Cathodic Protection （CP） of carbon steel with broken holiday is better than that with disbonded holiday and disbonded ＆ broken holiday on CP potential -850 mV （vs CSE）. Further analysis indicated that the two main reasons for corrosion are electrolyte solution slowly penetrating the coating, and crevice corrosion at steel/coating interface near holidays. The ratio of impedance amplitude （Z） of different frequency to minimum frequency is defined as K value. The change rate of K with frequency is related to the type of coating holiday.     

Electroehemieal Behavior of Antimicrobial Stainless Steel Bearing Copper in Sulfate Reducing Bacterial Medium

The electrochemical characteristic of antimicrobial stainless steel bearing copper NSSAM3 in sulfate reducing bacterial （SRB） was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and potentiodynamic polarization. The results show that inoculation of SRB into the culture medium significantly affects the anodic polarization behavior of NSSAM3 and accelerates anodic depolarization process, however, it has little effect on cathodic polarization curves of NSSAM3. Under the same exposure time, the anodic polarization curves of NSSAM3 in culture medium with SRB are in anodic active dissolution state when anodic polarization potential value is below 0 V（SCE）, whose anodic polarization current density is bigger than that of in culture medium without SRB. Moreover, when the concentration of Cu^2＋ in SRB medium increases, anodic polarization current density of NSSAM3 decreases and polarization resistance increases with increasing time. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） observations indicate that SRB unevenly attaches on the surface of NSSAM3, and induces the sensitivity to local corrosion.     

Effect of anions on stress corrosion cracking behaviors of ultra-high strength steel 23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo

The effects of chloride, sulfate and carbonate anions on stress corrosion behaviors of ultra-high strength steel 23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo were studied by stress corrosion cracking （SCC） test method using double cantilever beam （DCB） specimens. The SCC morphology was observed by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the composition of corrosion products was analyzed by using energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results show that the crack propagates to bifurcation in NaCl and Na2SO4 solution, while the crack in Na2CO3 solution propagates along the load direction. The SCC rate in NaCl solution is the highest, while lower in Na2SO4 solution and little in Na2CO3 solution. From the SEM morphologies, quasi-cleavage fracture was observed in NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions, but intergranular features in Na2CO3 solution. The mechanism of anion effect on SCC of steel 23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo was studied by using full immersion test and electrochemical measurements.     

Effect of Current Density on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coated 6063 Aluminum Alloy

Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) coatings were fabricated on 6063 aluminum alloy in a cheap and convenient electrolyte. The effect of different current densities, i e, 5, 10, 15, and 20 A/dm~2 on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of coatings was comprehensively studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), stereoscopic microscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), respectively. It is found that the pore density decreases and the pore size increases with increasing current density. The XRD results show that the coatings are only composed of α-Al_2 O_3 and γ-Al_2 O_3. Potentiodynamic polarization test proves that the coating formed under 10 A/dm~2 possesses the best anticorrosion property. The long time EIS test shows that the coating under 10 A/dm~2 is able to protect the aluminum alloy substrate after long time of immersion in 0.59 M NaCl solution, which confirms the salt solution immersion test results in 2 M NaCl solution.     

Initial corrosion behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy in the presence of SO2

The effects of SO2 on the initial atmospheric corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated in laboratory. Met-allographic observation, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XPS (X-ray Proton Spectrograph) were used to analyze and discuss the initial surface morphology of corrosion layers and corrosion products. The corrosion rate of the alloy increases with increasing the content of SO2. The initial attack has the characteristics of localized corrosion and preferentially concentrates on a phase. MgO and Mg(OH)2 form at first, which provide a protective layer, then the existence of SO2 decreases the pH of the thin solution on the alloy, accelerates dissolution process, and promotes the formation of MgSO3·6H2O and MgSO4·6H2O, meanwhile cracks were found on the corrosion products with corrosion continuation. These soluble corrosion products and the cracks provide the paths for filtering oxygen and corrosion pollutants into the matrix, which results in severe localized co     

Mechanism of protective film formation during CO2 corrosion of X65 pipeline steel

Electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to study the corrosion behaviors of X65 steel in static solution with carbon dioxide (CO2) at 65°C. The results show that iron carbonate (FeCO3) deposits on the steel surface as a corrosion product scale. This iron carbonate scale acts as a barrier to CO2 corrosion, and can reduce the general corrosion rate. The protection ability of the scale is closely related to the scale morphological characteristics...     

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Corrosion of Steel Rebar in Concrete

The effects of several mineral admixtures such as silica fume,granulated ground blast furnace slag and fly ash at different replacement ratio instead of Portland cement on the corrosion of steel reinforced concrete were investigated.By measuring the rebar anode polarization curve,permeability of concrete,mass loss of steel rebar and the amount of chloride ions and hydroxide in mortar,the corrosion resistance of steel embedded in fresh mortar incorporated of salt and different mineral admixtures were evaluated respectively.The results show that most mineral admixture can not improve corrosion resistance of concrete at early ages.However,in the long term the addition of mineral admixtures can decrease obviously the permeability of concrete and free chloride content in the pore solution of concrete as well as effectively improve the protection ability of passive film of steel rebar.     

Influence of polyethylene glycol on pore structure and electric double-layer capacitance of carbon xerogel

Mesoporous polyethylene glycol-resorcinol and formaldehyde(PEG-RF) carbon xerogels were prepared by a new polymer blend method in which PEG-RF mixed organic xerogels were synthesized by blending thermally unstable polyethylene glycol with organic monomers, resorcinol and formaldehyde and then subjected to pyrolization at 1 000℃. The influences of mass ratio of PEG to the theoretical yield of RF xerogel, m(PEG)/m(RF) and the relative molecular mass of PEG on the pore structure and electric double layer capacitance(EDLC) performance of PEG-RF carbon xerogels were investigated. The results show that PEG under different conditions leads to the difference of phase separation structure of the polymer blend and thus the change of pore structure of PEG-RF carbon xerogels. Specific surface area and capacity of PEG-RF carbon xerogels in 300/60 H2SO4 solution can reach 755 m^2/g and 150 F/g, respectively. Their surface can be fully utilized to form electric double layer. However, the pore structure differences of PEG-RF carbon xerogels result in their different EDLC performances. The distributed capacitance effect increases with decreasing the pore size of PEG-RF carbon xerogels.     

Simple Fabrication of Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructure Superhydrophobic Surface with Stable and Superior Anticorrosion Silicon Steel via Laser Marking Treatment

To improve the weak corrosion resistance of silicon steel to acid solution and alkaline solution with high temperature,a stable hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface with myriad irregular micro-scale hump and sheet-like nanostructure was successfully prepared on silicon steel by a simple,efficient and facile operation in large-area laser marking treatment.The morphology,composition,wettability of the as-prepared surface were studied.The superhydrophobic performance of the surface was investigated as well.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic surface to acidic solutions at room temperature and alkaline solutions at high temperature (80 ℃) was carefully explored.The corrosion resistance mechanism was clarified.Moreover,considering the practical application of the surface in the future,the hardness of the hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was studied.The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical micro/nanostructure surface with texture spacing of 100 μm treated at laser scanning speed of 100 mms/ presents superior superhydrophobicity after decreasing surface energy.The contact angle can be as high as 156.6°.Additionally,the superhydrophobic surface provide superior and stable anticorrosive protection for silicon steel in various corrosive environments.More importantly,the prepared structure of the surface shows high hardness,which ensures that the surface of the superhydrophobic surface cannot be destroyed easily.The surface is able to maintain great superhydrophobic performance when it suffers from slight impacting and abrasion.     

Adsorption isotherm and inhibition effect of a synthesized di-(m-Formylphenol)-1,2-cyclohexandiimine on corrosion of steel X52 in HCl solution

The potential of di-(m-Formylphenol)-1,2-cyclohexandiimine as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel was investigated in 1 mol/L HCl using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry measurements. All electrochemical measurements suggest that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel with the addition of the Schiff base was studied in the temperature range from 25 °C to 65 °C. It is found that the adsorption of this inhibitor follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The value of activation energy and the thermodynamic parameters such as ΔHads, ΔSads, Kads and ΔGads were calculated by the corrosion currents at different temperatures using the adsorption isotherm. The morphology of mild steel surface in the absence and presence of inhibitor was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images.     

Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition of NO2~- Intercalated LDHs on Steel Coated by Cement Paste

The purpose of this study is to apply the steel coated by cement paste to evaluate the corrosion inhibition of NO₂~-intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs),which was prepared by a conventional calcination-rehydration method.The chloride equilibrium isotherm,open-circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of steel in the saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution contaminated by chloride ions were measured.The microstructures of as-obtained LDHs and...