利用猪血制取血浆蛋白粉

<正> 猪血是一种来源丰富的蛋白质资源,有较高的开发利用价值。在国外,美国、日本用猪血制氨基酸;苏联、东德、西德从猪血中分离血浆,直接用于食品工业;波兰从猪血中提取蛋白质,做食品添加剂;还有的利用猪血提取特种药物。我国许多单位也对猪血的利用进行了研究,并取得了一定的成绩。如天津食品二厂,利用牛奶分离机从猪血中分离出猪血浆,直接用作食品添加剂,取得了良好的效果。但这种血浆不易保存和运输,未能广泛推广应用。     

香精香料信息17则

<正>1、饲料中添加百里香精油、鼠尾草精油和迷迭香精油对生蛋鸡的作用,对蛋黄中胆固醇与某些蛋白质比例的影响,以及对鸡粪中埃希氏大肠菌计数的影响     

过磷酸钙混合期添加鸡粪的工艺优化

为了提高磷肥利用率研究了于混合期加入鸡粪制备改性过磷酸钙的工艺。实验结果表明,影响改性过磷酸的钙磷转化率的因素大小顺序为硫酸质量分数、鸡粪用量、鸡粪细度、硫酸用量、硫酸初始温度,其最佳工艺组合为鸡粪细度0.25 mm、100 g磷矿粉鸡粪用量10 g、硫酸初始温度90℃、硫酸用量为理论值的135%、硫酸质量分数70%,实验因素的变化对磷转化率无显著性影响。     

髹漆工艺经验谈

1　血料在髹漆工艺上的使用由于猪是全国各地饲养最多最普遍的家畜 ,猪血血源丰富 ,质量也好 ,所以 ,在全国髹漆工艺上使用最多的血料也就是猪血。因此 ,人们也就把血灰叫做猪血灰、把料血干脆就叫作猪血。使人们误以为在髹漆工艺上可以用的血料 ,无猪血不可。其实 ,可在髹漆工艺上使用的血料 ,除了猪血以外 ,还有牛血、马血、羊血等其他动物血。一般都是可以用到髹漆工艺上去的。其中牛血 ,不论血色素或粘结性 ,都优于猪血 ,可以比猪血掺入更多的水分。温州地区的髹漆工 ,都有使用牛血的习惯。只是牛血血源少 ,不象猪血那样日日血源不断。…     

不同类型畜禽粪污热水解预处理对其厌氧消化效果的影响

本研究探究了热水解预处理对不同类型畜禽粪污(猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪和鸭粪)物质溶出效果，并进一步分析了其对后续中温厌氧消化效果的影响。研究结果表明，热水解预处理可以显著提高畜禽粪污中蛋白质、碳水化合物等溶解性有机物浓度，其中鸡粪中溶解性有机物浓度提升幅度最高(22.5%)。而经热水解预处理后，除猪粪氨氮的浓度未有显著变化外，其他畜禽粪污中的氨氮浓度有所降低；猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪的磷酸盐浓度出现不同程度的增加，而鸭粪的磷酸盐浓度却下降了9.5%。经热水解预处理猪粪和牛粪的厌氧消化累积产甲烷量分别提高了2.3%和20%。而无论是否经过热水解预处理，鸡粪由于迅速酸化而导致产甲烷受到强烈抑制。鸭粪在厌氧消化后期也发生了酸化现象，导致最终累积产甲烷量反而低于未热水解预处理鸭粪。本文研究结果将为畜禽粪污热水解预处理+厌氧消化技术条件的优化提供理论依据和数据支持。     

养殖固废在硫酸溶液中的水解特性

养殖固废掺杂过磷酸钙有机磷肥工艺中养殖固废与硫酸间的相互作用不仅影响着磷转化率,同时影响养殖固废有机组分的变化。本文以鸡粪为研究对象,其水解率为指标,采用L16(45)正交设计研究了鸡粪细度、硫酸初始浓度、反应物质量比、反应温度和反应时间对鸡粪在硫酸溶液体系中水解过程的影响。结果表明影响因素显著性依次为反应物质量比、反应温度、反应时间、硫酸浓度、鸡粪细度,鸡粪水解率与其细度呈正相关关系。鸡粪比表面积及其单位耗酸量、美拉德反应是制约鸡粪在硝酸和磷酸中水解反应的内因。研究结果为养殖固废掺杂有机磷肥的研发和推广提供了理论基础。     

鸡粪发酵技术的不断改进将促进国内有机肥的发展

随着人们水平生活的提高,迫切需要健康食品,从而促进了有机农业的快速发展。而作为有机肥的重要组成部分——鸡粪则以含有高蛋白质、丰富的氨基酸和肥源巨大、价格低廉等优势,在有机农业中占有重要的地位,通过发酵技术的不断进步,必将给人类带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

有机肥料中重金属含量对农田土壤的影响

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了鸡粪中所含铜、锌、铅、镉等元素的含量。同时,为了进一步了解鸡粪对土壤特性的潜在影响,对土壤、鸡粪的其它指标做了检测,结果显示,在对有机肥料的调查中,重金属水平并不高于土壤污染所允许的限度,并且他们对土壤质量的提高发挥着作用。     

玉米芯与鸡粪混合发酵提高甲烷发酵性能

为提高玉米芯和鸡粪厌氧发酵甲烷产率,研究了玉米芯和鸡粪混合发酵性能。实验结果表明,玉米芯与鸡粪最佳混合比为5∶1,沼气和甲烷产率最高,分别是200mg/g和121.2mL/g（玉米芯/鸡粪,VS,下同),与单一鸡粪厌氧发酵相比,沼气产量提高了700%,玉米芯与鸡粪混合发酵有助于更多的生物质向甲烷转化。玉米芯与鸡粪在最佳比例下混合发酵时挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）最高达2.56g/L,乙酸在VFAs中起主导作用。适当的鸡粪添加有助于体系氨氮含量增大和甲烷菌活性提高,过多鸡粪添加不利于甲烷总产量的提高。氨氮与VFAs的中和作用促进了体系的pH稳定。底物进料量对沼气产率有明显的影响,混合底物进料量为50g/L时总产气量最高,为7800mL,对应的甲烷体积分数为68.7%,而进料量为20g/L时沼气产率和甲烷产率最高,分别为325mg/g和184.3mL/g。玉米芯与鸡粪混合发酵能够改善碳氮底物（C/N）的发酵比、提高微量金属元素含量,是甲烷产率提高的主要原因。     

以猪血为蛋白源的生物活性肽的研究进展

以猪血为蛋白源的生物活性肽开发利用已成为国内外竞相研究的热点课题。本文就生物活性肽的分类进行了简单的阐述 ,并对以猪血为蛋白源的肽的功能、制备方法、研究现状以及应用前景逐一进行了概述。     

渣土对 C30混凝土性能的影响

针对天津地铁盾构施工生产的渣土大量堆砌、利用率和附加值低的现状,将渣土作为矿物掺合料,研究了不同渣土掺量对C30混凝土工作性能、力学性能和抗渗性能影响。结果表明：（1）随着渣土掺量增加,混凝土坍落度呈现逐渐降低趋势;（2）掺加渣土后,混凝土抗压强度均低于基准组,当渣土掺量为10％时,其28 d抗压强度与基准组抗压强度相近;（3）适量渣土掺量可以改善C30混凝土抗渗性能,当渣土掺量为水泥的15％时,抗渗性能最佳。     

A comparison of the ganglioside distributions of fat tissues in various animals by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography

The ganglioside distributions of various fat tissues from human, rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken and frog were compared with pig adipose gangliosides by two-dimensional thin layers chromatography. It was found that there is a remarkable species variation in ganglioside distribution, especially in the composition and relative concentration of complex gangliosides. Differing from pig adipose tissues, those of human, rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken, but not frog, contained GM3 as a most abundant ganglioside. The data for human, rabbit and chicken indicated a simple distribution of only NeuActype gangliosides, while those for rat and mouse indicated a rather complicated pattern containing both NeuAc- and NeuGc-type gangliosides. The ganglioside pattern of the frog fat body differed markedly from those of mammalian fat tissues because of the presence of three different, unsual monosialosylgangliosides as major components. In other respects, a substantial amount of disialosylgangliosides was commonly found in all animal fat tissues.     

盾构渣土资源化处置研究进展

随着中国城市化进程不断加快,盾构施工广泛应用,由此产生的盾构渣土已成为建筑垃圾的重要组成部分,其对生态环境与安全带来重大挑战。本文从盾构渣土的物理化学性质入手,概述了盾构渣土的处置方案及其在绿色建材中的应用现状,具体包括脱水、装运、改良等工艺,配置掘进泥浆,同步注浆砂源,制备陶粒、混凝土、免烧砖、新型墙材、水泥混合料等。通过本文梳理,以有效推动盾构渣土高效率处置与资源化利用,为推进生态文明建设、共建美好家园、建设资源节约型社会献力。     

Reducing the oil content in coated and deep‐fried chicken using whey protein

Whey protein has been investigated for its oil barrier properties in fried foods. Whey protein has been implemented successfully non‐film forming applications to reduce the fat content of deep‐fried chicken. As a 10% postbreading dip, whey protein solutions significantly lowered oil absorption of boneless patties by 37% compared to undipped controls. In bone‐in chicken thighs, 10% whey protein postbreading dip caused a 15% reduction in oil absorption during frying which was doubled by 10% β‐lactoglobulin postbreading dip at pH 2. A 30% lipid reduction was observed in deep‐fried battered and floured chicken strips when the strips were dipped in a 10% solution of denatured whey protein prior to frying compared to control chicken strips. When added to the batter of deep‐fried chicken nuggets, a significant fat reduction was observed for nuggets to which 3% whey protein was added to the batter compared to the control. In chicken strips that were marinated in a 15% solution of whey protein, a 35% fat reduction was observed. In spite of these results, questions that still remain. These studies have been undertaken in fully cooked products, not in raw coated or par‐fried products. The impact of rethermalization method is not known. Only preliminary research on the impact of WPI on the frying oil with respect to the formation of polar materials has been undertaken. On the positive side, the processes for introducing whey protein as an oil inhibition agent utilize processing steps that are already very common, e.g. incorporation into the batter or a marinade. Whey protein has the potential to be employed as an oil inhibiting agent in fried foods especially as it is relatively inexpensive and easy to come by.     

含渣土的EPS轻质混凝土用于复合夹芯墙板芯材的研究

为提高地铁渣土资源化利用率,将其掺入膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)轻质混凝土中,并用此混凝土为芯材制备复合夹芯墙板,研究了浆体的流变性,并探讨了硬化EPS混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数及EPS颗粒在浆体中的面分布。结果表明:随着渣土掺量增加,浆体屈服应力增加,流动度降低;浆体塑性黏度随渣土掺量增加大幅度增加,使得EPS颗粒分布更加均匀;EPS混凝土的干密度、抗压强度与导热系数随渣土掺量增加而逐渐降低。当干渣土与水泥质量比为0.8时,EPS混凝土的干密度为857 kg/m³,抗压强度为4.16 MPa,导热系数为0.231 W·m^-1·K^-1;采用干渣土与水泥质量比为0.8的EPS混凝土制备复合夹芯墙板(硅钙板作面板),墙板粘结性能良好,面密度为81 kg/m²,抗压强度为3.75 MPa,软化系数为0.83,耐火极限大于1 h,其性能满足轻质隔墙条板国家标准要求。     

the abnormal proportions of di-unsaturated glycerides in some pig deport fats

The insoluble azelaoglycerides from shark liver oil and pig depot fats contain about 2% each, on fat basis, of resinous monocarboxylic acids of mean M.W. 270–280 which give water soluble magnesium soaps. Those from chicken fat and depot fats of goat, sheep, cow and buffalo contain only 0.0% to 0.8% of this material. When this acid is estimated and corrected, all the above animal fats show proportions of di-unsaturated glycerides equal to or lower than the Glyceride Type Distribution Rule values. The abnormal di-unsaturated glyceride values earlier reported for various pig depot fats were apparently caused by presence of this impurity in varying amounts.     

城市粪便热解特性与动力学

随着国家相关标准的细化和执行,城市粪便（收集自化粪池及旱厕）的无害化处理正受到越来越多关注。本文利用热重-微商热重分析（TG-DTG）对我国北方典型城市粪便热解特性进行了研究,并与3种常见动物粪便（猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪）的热解行为进行了对比。城市粪便的热解过程温度主要集中在205～525℃。城市粪便的最大失重温度与其余三种动物粪便较为接近,但热解结束温度高于其他三种样品。利用试验所得数据,采用Coats-Redfern法处理并计算不同生物质在相应热解条件下的反应动力学参数,结果显示城市粪便热解适合采用一级双组分分阶段反应模型。与动物粪便相比,城市粪便热解所需活化能低于牛粪,但高于鸡粪和猪粪。     

Microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: Some physical and kinetic properties

Some physical and kinetic properties of the microsomal enzyme(s) that convert phosphatidyl-ethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in rat and guinea pig livers have been investigated. The pH optima, of the reactions were 9.8, 9.3 and 9.5 for the first, second and third methylation reactions, respectively. Incomplete heat denaturation of the protein catalyzing the first reaction contrasts with inactivation at 60 C of the enzymes catalyzing the second and third methylations. The maximal velocity of the first reaction of the guinea pig liver enzyme is 48 p mol/min/mg protein, substantially less than exhibited rate-limiting reaction of the three step methylation sequence in rat liver, 114 pmol/min/mg. The affinity of the microsomal enzyme for S-adenosylmethionine is greater in rat liver (Km=18.2 μM) than in guinea pig liver (Km=302 μM).     

戊型肝炎病毒在长春地区动物群中的流行病学研究

目的分析戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)在长春地区动物群中的感染情况及戊型肝炎病毒系统进化关系。方法用抗-HEV抗体试剂盒检测长春地区猪、牛、羊、鹿、鸡和马血清中的抗体;对部分血清用RT-PCR检测HEVRNA,并对PCR阳性产物进行克隆测序及序列分析。结果493份猪血清中有427份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为86.61%;有5份为HEVRNA阳性,5株克隆的核苷酸序列的同源性为91.2%～99.1%,该5株克隆的序列在ORF2区348bp与1～4型间核苷酸同源性分别为77.8%～82.3%、77.2%～78.1%、77.2%～99.1%和85.2%～95.2%;266份牛血清中有122份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为45.86%;93份羊血清中有7份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为7.53%;798份鹿血清中有348份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为43.61%;369份鸡血清中有18份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为4.88%;197份马血清中有31份为抗-HEV抗体阳性,阳性率为15.74%。结论HEV在多种动物群中均有流行,但在猪群中的流行率明显高于其他动物群。猪感染的HEV的基因序列与人群中散发性戊型肝炎病毒的基因4型同源性最高。进化关系表明,在长春地区猪与人HEV应划为一个分支。     

鸡IL-18成熟蛋白基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的　以鸡脾细胞mRNA为模板扩增编码鸡IL 18成熟蛋白的cDNA ,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法　用PHA和LPS激活的AA肉鸡脾细胞 ,提取mRNA ,以RT PCR法扩增出编码鸡IL 18成熟蛋白的cDNA并测序 ,与pET 2 8b载体构建重组质粒 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)plysS中表达 ,用SDS PAGE检测表达产物。结果　所克隆的核苷酸片段包含了鸡IL 18全部成熟蛋白编码基因 ,其大小为 5 0 7个核苷酸 ,编码 16 9个氨基酸 ;构建的重组表达载体在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)plysS中表达出相对分子质量为 190 0 0的重组蛋白。结论　已成功克隆和表达了鸡IL 18成熟蛋白基因。