孝感市污水处理厂污泥重金属含量及形态研究

选取孝感市污水处理厂的污泥为研究对象,测定了污泥中重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb的总量及其各形态的含量,并对各形态进行分析。结果表明,孝感市污水处理厂的城市污泥中5种重金属元素的含量大小依次为CrZnCuPbCd。均低于《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB4284-84)中污泥农用的碱性标准,所以该污泥适合用于p H6.5的土壤作为农用处置。Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb在该污泥中主要以残渣态和有机结合态存在,不易释放到环境中。     

上海市某污水处理厂污泥重金属特性及主成分分析

对上海市某污水处理厂污泥重金属特性及含量进行分析,为市政污泥可农用性提供初步判断.研究结果表明,该污水处理厂污泥重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni含量均值分别为246、591、60.8、1.35、58.6、33.0 mg/kg.主成分分析(PCA)显示,第一主成分(PC1)中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni占主导作用,为污泥主要污染因子,且其值反映重金属的影响力;第二主成分(PC2)反映污泥中有机质与热值.与污泥农用重金属控制标准比较,样品污泥中重金属检测浓度均低于控制浓度限值,表明该污水处理厂污泥具有可农用性潜力.     

新疆某市污泥重金属污染特性研究

以新疆某市三家典型污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,分析总结了污泥中重金属含量及形态分布规律。结果表明:三家污水厂污泥中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn 4种重金属元素含量均满足我国《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质》(CJ/T309-2009)中B级标准。污泥中Zn和Cu主要以残渣态及有机结合态形式存在,而Pb及Cd两元素中可交换态、碳酸盐结合态及铁锰氧化态含量较高,在污泥农用时存在一定风险。     

生活污泥焚烧灰的重金属含量及其浸出特征

为了探讨生活污泥焚烧灰中重金属的含量及其浸出特征,收集了广州沥窖污水处理厂的剩余污泥,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测量重金属含量;应用固体废物浸出毒性的浸出方法(GB5086.2-1997),以不同p H的浸提剂,对污泥中重金属的浸出特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:污泥中Fe的含量最高,达到27378 mg/kg,其次是Mn和Cu,分别为436.5 mg/kg和315.2 mg/kg,Zn、Cr、Pb和Ni的含量较高,依次是721.5、199.2、122.2和110.8 mg/kg,Cd的含量极少,仅有0.33 mg/kg。Cr和Cd金属元素的8小时浸出量分别为62.9 mg/kg、0.96 mg/kg,其余被测的金属元素:Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn以及Mn,在任何浸提时间下,其浸出量均为0 mg/kg。本实验中重金属在酸性条件下的浸出率明显高于碱性条件下,Cr、Ni和Cd的最佳浸提剂p H值均为2。其中Cu和Zn随浸提剂p H变化的浸出特征不明显。。     

微波法再生污泥活性炭对水中重金属的吸附特性

研究了微波再生条件对污泥活性炭吸附水中重金属效果的影响,探究了其对水中重金属的吸附动力学过程。结果表明随着微波再生功率的增加,再生污泥活性炭对重金属离子的吸附去除率增大,均大于70%。随着微波再生时间的延长,再生污泥活性炭对重金属离子的吸附去除率呈现先增大后稳定的趋势。随着微波次数的增加,再生污泥活性炭对Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附去除率逐渐减少,微波再生的次数最好控制在5次以内。再生污泥活性炭对重金属离子(Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+和Cd2+)的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,属于拟二阶动力学模型。     

生物表面活性剂对城市污泥中铜和锌的去除研究

采用振荡淋洗的方法研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂浓度、p H、淋洗时间对城市污泥中Cu和Zn去除效果的影响。结果表明:随着鼠李糖脂浓度的增加,Cu和Zn的去除率增加,效果明显优于去离子水的去除,而鼠李糖脂对污泥中Cu的去除明显优于对Zn的去除,且鼠李糖脂在较高p H值下对Cu和Zn的去除效果较好;随着振荡时间的增加,Cu和Zn的去除率随之增加,最高去除率可高达63.9%、5.1%。本研究可为城市污泥的再利用所需要解决的问题提供参考方案。     

槐糖脂优化重金属污染污泥电动修复实验研究

通过不同的电极布置形式和生物表面活性剂槐糖脂含量的组合实验,对比了对污染污泥电动修复处理效果的影响,研究超标重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd迁移规律。结果表明,实验后阳极污泥中重金属含量最低,中部积聚最为严重;电极上下布置时同一高度上的重金属含量无明显差别,而在左右布置时阳极和阴极区上部的重金属含量高于中部和底部;上下布置较左右布置不同重金属去除效果均提升了1倍以上。添加槐糖脂可以提高Zn、Cu、Cd的去除率,但Ni的提升效果不明显。当槐糖脂的质量分数为0.1%时去除效果为优,阳极区Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd去除率分别可达到47.99%、28.60%、26.29%、25.82%。推荐在实际工程中电极板采用上下布置方式,同时辅以槐糖脂强化电动修复效果。     

石灰调质污泥重金属形态分布及资源化分析

针对南方某生物滤池(BAF)工艺污水处理厂,分析了初沉污泥、生物污泥、石灰调质污泥中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Cr六种重金属含量及形态分布。结果表明:三种污泥中生物污泥的重金属含量较低,可作为污泥农用和污泥制砖资源化;石灰调质过程使污泥中Zn、Cu、Pb的总量升高,Cr总量降低,Cd和Ni的总量变化不大;石灰调质过程有利于污泥中的Zn、Cu和Cr从不稳定态向稳定态转化。     

城市污泥中重金属稳定性的化学形态分析

以城市污水厂剩余污泥为研究对象,以连续提取法对其中8种主要重金属元素的化学存在形态进行了分析,结果表明:污泥中除Ni、Zn、Cd有超标和潜在的超标危险外,其它各金属的含量均低于国家标准的最高要求;污泥Ni、Cd具有相当的生物毒性,其余的元素生物有效部分较少,稳定性较好。总体来看城市污泥可通过降低超标重金属含量来实现农用的目的。     

六盘水污水处理厂污泥中重金属生态风险评价

研究了六盘水的污水处理厂污泥中Cu、Cd、Zn、Cr、Pb 5种重金属及其赋存形态的含量,运用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害法对污泥潜在生态风险进行评价。研究结果表明:冬季和夏季污泥中5种重金属含量均未超出我国城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥标准中的最高允许含量。污泥样品中Cu、Cd、Zn主要以非稳定态存在,具有较强的生物可利用性。风险指数评价显示,Cd是污泥中重金属生态风险的主要贡献者,在污泥处理处置时要引起重视。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.