面向绿色制造的切削加工环境研究探讨

绿色制造的主要目标是降低资源消耗、减少对环境的影响,绿色制造技术的发展为人类社会进步起着至关重要的作用．在机械加工中,尤其是在工业发达国家,人们越来越重视切削加工过程对操作者造成的健康影响以及对加工环境的影响．首先介绍了绿色制造的发展趋势,分析了机械加工系统中的绿色制造的现状;其次对影响切削加工环境的噪声的产生、危害及控制对策进行了研究,并分析了不同槽型刀片铣削加工噪声的分布规律;然后分析了切削加工粉尘产生机理、影响因素、预防治理,进行了不同槽型刀片铣削产生粉尘的规律研究;进而进行了切屑的飞溅、回收、再利用研究分析;最后对切削加工环境的发展方向进行了展望．     

低温微量润滑加工技术

低温微量润滑加工技术(CMQL)是一种新型的切削技术,在绿色制造中占有着举足轻重的地位。它完美地继承微量润滑技术与低温冷风切削技术的优点,在加工过程中具有良好的特性。低温微量润滑技术在降低切削温度,减小切削力、提升润滑效果的同时,还使已加工表面的表面质量提高,并且了改善切屑形态,尤其在难加工材料切削加工时,更体现出其卓越的性能。低温微量润滑技术使企业在清洁绿色加工中,一方面能保证环保,另一方面又能获得巨大的经济效益。另外,低温微量润滑技术秉承绿色制造的宗旨,既不会对人类健康产生危害,同时将环境污染降到最低。随着绿色制造技术的不断发展,低温微量润滑技术作为一种绿色切削技术倍受青睐,在提高生产效益、减少资源消耗和环境污染方面必将产生深远的影响。     

面向绿色制造的集成工艺优化模型研究

为了提高工艺规划在实际生产中的执行性、减少制造过程的资源消耗以及对环境的负面影响,建立了一种基于动态工艺、以制造资源为核心、面向绿色制造的CAPP/PPC并行集成模式,并在此基础上建立了以成本、交货期、资源消耗和环境影响为优化目标的集成工艺优化模型.该模型不仅实现了工艺路线的优化,而且实现了资源的优化配置,从而大大地提高生产计划的执行性,满足了绿色制造对工艺规划的要求.     

论绿色切削加工技术

通过分析传统切削加工方式,对环境和人的危害,阐述绿色切削加工的定义和意义,目前实现绿色切削加工的几种主要技术,各自的优点以及有待改善提高的方面,提出了相应的课题。     

绿色施工与清洁生产研究

通过对绿色施工发展的研究,推断出绿色施工的理论基础就是清洁生产。通过对建设项目施工过程的环境因素识别,得出目前建筑行业影响绿色施工清洁生产的主要环境因素有大气污染、垃圾污染、建筑施工中建筑机械发出的噪音和强烈振动、高层建筑的光污染和可能造成的放射性污染。给出绿色施工的定义为"通过切实有效的管理制度和工作制度,最大程度地减少施工活动对环境的不利影响,减少资源与能源的消耗,实现可持续发展的施工技术"。最后得出实施绿色施工清洁生产的对策:一是采用绿色建材,减少资源消耗;二是清洁施工过程,控制环境污染;三是加强施工安全管理和工地卫生文明管理;四是政策引导。     

干切削加工方法的探讨

合理地采用干切削加工，不仅能保证加工质量，而且还能降低制造成本和保护环境，所以它是一种理想的清洁化生产工艺．通常没有切削液的干切削．冷却、润滑和排屑较差，容易造成刀具寿命缩短、加工质量降低和生产率下降，但若通过合理地设计机床结构，并在加工时选择合适的切削用量，或进行最少量润滑切削与冷风切削、氮气切削共用，或采用激光辅助加工等途径，可以克服没有切削液而带来的负面影响，从而使干切削达到与湿切削相当的效果．     

城市绿色交通方式之间的衔接与协调

合理的绿色交通方式之间的衔接,可缩短换乘时间,最大限度地减少居民出行中的时空消耗,使居民自觉地选择绿色交通方式作为出行交通工具,改变我国城市交通方式结构比例,从而实现未来城市交通的可持续发展。     

大力推广“绿色制造模式”

绿色制造模式的基本内涵。当前，体现经济与资源、环境协调发展的“绿色制造”理念越来越受到各方面的重视，推广绿色制造模式，必将成为上海制造业实现可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

数控加工切削参数模型建立及优化算法

数控加工切削参数选择关系到加工系统的生产率、生产成本以及产品的加工质量,是现代制造技术迫切需要解决的重要课题.通过建立切削参数 优化模型,采用一定的优化算法进行参数寻优,得到切削参数的最优解,是合理选择切削参 数的一种有效方法.在难加工材料因瓦合金切削加工试验的基础上,运用最优化的设计 方法,建立切削加工的数学模型,为切削用量的合理选择提供了科学的方法,同时避免了查手册或经验选择切削用量的局限性.     

绿色制造企业信息资源开发与利用模式探讨

信息资源的开发与利用对于现代企业至关重要．本文介绍了绿色制造和企业信息资源管理的概念．通过对绿色制造企业信息资源的类型、获取方式及输出特点等的研究，提出了绿色制造企业信息资源管理模式．阐述了Internet／Intranet是绿色制造企业信息开发与利用的基础．     

Investigations and practices on green manufacturing in machining systems

A machining system is a typical manufacturing system. A green manufacturing function framework of machining systems is structured to describe the traits of input, output and control elements in the system. Based on the function framework, the green manufacturing problem framework of machining systems is presented. The green manufacturing problems in machining systems are classified into three classes and related series of subclass problems. The three classes of problems in the green manufacturing problem framework are the problems of the minimization of resource consumption, the minimization of environmental discharge, and the synthesized minimization of both of them. A series of investigations and practices on green manufacturing in machining system, performed by the authors for quite a long period, are introduced in brief, such as the optimizing system for raw material cutting,the matching system for energy-saving in machining, the design of highly efficient dry hobbing machine tools, the multi-objective decision-making model for green manufacturing in machining systems, and the decision-making supporting system for green manufacturing in machining processes.     

Investigations and practices on green manufacturing in machining systems

A machining system is a typical manufacturing system. A green manufacturing function framework of machining systems is structured to describe the traits of input, output and control elements in the system. Based on the function framework, the green manufacturing problem framework of machining systems is presented. The green manufacturing problems in machining systems are classified into three classes and related series of subclass problems. The three classes of problems in the green manufacturing problem framework are the problems of the minimization of resource consumption, the minimization of environmental discharge, and the synthesized minimization of both of them. A series of investigations and practices on green manufacturing in machining system, performed by the authors for quite a long period, are introduced in brief, such as the optimizing system for raw material cutting, the matching system for energy-saving in machining, the design of highly efficient dry hobbing machine tools, the multi-objective decision-making model for green manufacturing in machining systems, and the decision-making supporting system for green manufacturing in machining processes. Foundation item: Project (50475062) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (47-19) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China     

Key technologies in whole lifecycle of electromechanical products: state of art

Nowadays, issues on population, environment and resource have become the world's attentive focus. Sustainable development has been widely accepted around the world. As one of the biggest waste generator and resources consumer, manufacturing industry is facing more challenges as well as opportunities. In order to reduce both resource consuming and waste discharging effectively, traditionally manufacturing mode should be improved. Newly emerged creative technologies and strategies, including green design, green manufacturing and cleaner production,are regarded as the radical resolvent for current environment and resource issues and they will be the only way in the future that manufacturing will evolve. In this paper, a serial of research on green design/manufacturing and cleaner product theoretically and practically was presented. These creative technology and strategy will give strong support to‘green’the whole electromechanical designing and manufacturing processes.     

气体作冷却润滑剂的绿色切削试验

为实现绿色切削,研究了无污染、无危害的冷却润滑技术.采用氮气、氧气、二氧化碳气、氩气及过热水蒸气作冷却润滑剂,进行了单因素切削试验.试验结果表明,这些气体冷却润滑剂可以减小切削变形、切削力,降低切削温度,改善加工表面形貌.根据试验结果和冷却润滑作用机理分析可知,气体在切削中具有一定的冷却润滑作用,同时具有来源广泛、无毒害和污染、不用回收处理等绿色特点,故气体具备绿色切削的潜力.     

Key technologies in whole lifecycle of electromechanical products: state of art

Nowadays, issues on population, environment and resource have become the world’s attentive focus. Sustainable development has been widely accepted around the world. As one of the biggest waste generator and resources consumer, manufacturing industry is facing more challenges as well as opportunities. In order to reduce both resource consuming and waste discharging effectively, traditionally manufacturing mode should be improved. Newly emerged creative technologies and strategies, including green design, green manufacturing and cleaner production, are regarded as the radical resolvent for current environment and resource issues and they will be the only way in the future that manufacturing will evolve. In this paper, a serial of research on green design/manufacturing and cleaner product theoretically and practically was presented. These creative technology and strategy will give strong support to ‘green’ the whole electromechanical designing and manufacturing processes. Foundation item: Project (2002AA421240, 2004AA420120) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; project (50445003) the supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

复配制备水基金属切削液及其性能的研究

三乙醇胺硼酸酯和三乙醇胺油酸皂为主要成分,十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱作为主要添加剂,复配制备水基金属切削液. 通过调整复配制备切削液的成分配比,系统地测试与评估其防锈性,防腐性、润滑性. 实验结果表明,硼酸酯和油酸皂的复配作用使得配制的切削液具有优良的防锈性、润滑性,质量分数为2.5 %及5%的水基金属切削液稀释液各项性能优良,并且十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱的加入降低了切削液对皮肤的刺激性,从而减轻了对人体的伤害. 此外,采用复配技术制备的切削液性能稳定,易于存储,环境友好,在金属加工或机械加工工艺中具有广泛的应用前景.     

机械顶管绿色施工的管理和技术

在机械顶管的施工过程中,开发并实施了相应的环保措施和管理系统,尽量较少污染,降低资源消耗,致力于创造出一个环保节能的绿色建筑.本文详细介绍了绿色建筑机械顶管工程的管理和技术以及职业健康和安全措施.在这一项目中,这一绿色建筑已经成功实施.     

大型容器车削加工工艺参数优化专家系统

针对大型容器车削加工工艺参数难以确定的问题,依据金属切削加工理论,采用计算机技术与专家经验相结合的方法,提出了基于VC 6．0和SQL server建立大型容器车削加工工艺参数优化专家系统,通过SQL server建立专家系统的知识库,利用VC 编程来实现系统的推理机制,对刀具、刀片、切削液和切削用量等工艺参数进行了优选．系统采用权威手册作为数据源,并且将大型容器切削领域的专家知识进行了综合,可以弥补加工人员经验不足的问题,尤其对于大型容器典型零件加工,更能体现出专家系统选择工艺参数的优势．