加热去氩处理工艺对离子束混合沉积的C-SiC涂层阻氢性能的影响

利用Ar＋离子束混合技术在不锈钢基体上沉积C-SiC涂层，然后对部分样品进行加热去氩处理（400℃，30min），再用5keV氢离子源辐照样品。通过扫描电镜（SEM）的表面形貌观察、二次离子质谱仪（SIMS）的H与Ar元素深度分布和正离子质谱分析，研究去氩处理对氢离子辐照的C-SiC涂层的形貌和阻氢性能的影响。结果表明，经去氩处理，样品中不锈钢基体内的氢浓度降低了80%，显示出去氩处理的C-SiC涂层具有更高的阻氢性能。研究结果将为该技术应用于不锈钢基体上C-SiC涂层制备工艺的进一步改善提供依据。     

TiC/Ti(C,N)/TiN复合涂层在滑移区的高温微动磨损特性

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）技术，在1Cr13不锈钢基体上制备TiC／Ti（C，N）／TiN复合涂层，研究了该涂层从室温（25℃）到400℃的微动磨损特性，并与无涂层的1Cr13不锈钢基材比较。结果表明：在滑移区．温度对1Cr13不锈钢微动磨损影响较显著；随着温度上升1Cr13不锈钢摩擦系数减少，磨损体积下降；而温度对TiC／Ti（C，N）／TiN复合涂层磨损体积影响不大．且磨损量均很小．TiC/Ti（C，N）／TiN涂层表现出比1Cr13不锈钢优异的抗微动磨损性能。但当该涂层被磨去后，产生的硬质磨屑形成磨粒磨损，反而对基体造成更大的损伤。     

聚变堆第一壁TiC涂层材料研究(英文)

介绍了TiC涂层的化学气相沉积工艺,TiC涂层材料的电子束热冲击实验和热疲劳试验。在温度为1100℃,CH_4流量为0.36L/min,H_2流量为1.16L/min的工艺条件下,得到了致密的TiC涂层,且沉积速率达0.7/μm/min,并给出了涂层厚度与工艺参数之间的经验关系式。在高功率密度(最大值达226MW/m~2,作用0.6s)电子束热冲击下,TiC涂层从基体(石墨、钼、316L不锈钢)脱落,且316L不锈钢基体被熔化、蒸发。在900℃到-246℃之间的热循环实验下,TiC/316L不锈钢表现出极差的抗疲劳特性,仅在2次热循环之后,就有大量TiC涂层从316L不锈钢基体脱落;虽然TiC/石墨的涂层中有大量网状裂纹形成,但是,在200次热循环之后,TiC涂层与基体仍结合很好;TiC/钼有很好的抗疲劳特性,在200次热循环之后,材料仍没有任何损伤。     

聚变堆第一壁TiC涂层材料研究

介绍了TiC涂层的化学气相沉积工艺,TiC涂层材料的电子束热冲击实验和热疲劳试验。在温度为1100℃,CH_4流量为0.36L/min,H_2流量为1.16L/min的工艺条件下,得到了致密的TiC涂层,且沉积速率达0.7μm/min,并给出了涂层厚度与工艺参数之间的经验关系式。在高功率密度(最大值达226MW/m~2,作用0.6s)电子束热冲击下,TiC涂层从基体(石墨、钼、316L不锈钢)脱落,且316 L不锈钢基体被熔化、蒸发。在900℃到-246℃之间的热循环实验下,TiC/316L不锈钢表现出极差的抗疲劳特性,仅在2次热循环之后,就有大量TiC涂层从316L不锈钢基体脱落;虽然TiC/石墨的涂层中有大量网状裂纹形成,但是,在200次热循环之后,TiC涂层与基体仍结合很好;TiC/钼有很好的抗疲劳特性,在200次热循环之后,材料仍没有任何损伤。     

预处理和溅射工艺参数对锆合金表面TiN涂层膜/基结合强度的影响

为获得高结合强度锆合金表面涂层的制备技术，采用磁控溅射法制备了TiN涂层、划痕法测试了膜/基结合强度，研究了基体预处理表面粗糙度、溅射功率、基体加热温度和基体偏压对锆合金表面TiN涂层膜/基结合强度的影响。实验制备的TiN涂层厚度在5～15 μm范围内、基体预处理表面粗糙度在（0.20±0.03） μm范围内时，溅射功率为500 W及基体加热至300 ℃时涂层均有较好的结合强度。基体偏压为-100 V时涂层在所讨论的4种基体偏压中具有最好的结合强度。结果表明，溅射工艺参数对涂层膜/基结合强度有显著影响，其中影响显著性从大到小依次为基体加热温度、基体偏压、溅射功率、基体预处理表面粗糙度。     

高温烧结法制备钛铁涂层的研究

进行了高温烧结法在钢基体的表面上制备钛铁合金涂层的新工艺研究。将氢化钛粉浆液涂敷在经净化处理的钢基体上,经真空加热脱氢,充氩高温烧结制备出钛铁合金涂层。对涂层进行了电子探针分析,钛元素和铁元素之间相互扩散,形成冶金结合,涂层结合力强。X光相分析结果表明,涂层由α-Ti,TiFe和TiFe_2三相组成。通过耐磨度和硬度测试,涂层     

IFBA芯块ZrB_2涂层溅射沉积工艺研究

采用国产多靶磁控溅射镀膜机在UO_2陶瓷IFBA芯块表面上溅射沉积ZrB_2涂层。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、胶带粘附性剥离等方法测定了沉积ZrB_2涂层的厚度、形貌、物相结构、成分、附着力以及沉积速率等性能参数,研究了各溅射工艺条件如芯块表面清洁度、溅射气体压力、溅射功率密度和转鼓转速对ZrB_2涂层沉积率和附着力的影响。结果表明,在功率密度57~72 kW/m~2之间,ZrB_2涂层的沉积率随功率密度的增加而增加;当转鼓转速大于0.6 rpm时ZrB_2涂层沉积率急剧下降;当溅射气体压力为1.8 mtorr时涂层的沉积率最大,膜基结合良好;在44~54 KWH平均千瓦时值之间,涂敷芯块经过热冲击处理后附着力Z值均远小于0.0008 g,膜基结合力无明显变化。经过对比发现,UO_2表面清洁度越高,ZrB_2涂层与基体的结合越好,结构为单一的ZrB_2物相,呈柱状晶垂直于基体表面生长,涂层厚度均匀,晶粒细小,满足IFBA芯块的ZrB_2涂层性能指标。     

316L不锈钢表面双层辉光离子渗金属技术制备Al2O3涂层

Al2O3涂层由于具有较好的阻氚渗透效果可用作聚变堆第1壁涂层.利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在316L不锈钢表面进行渗Al后热氧化处理,得到了致密的Al2O3涂层.对渗Al层的成分和形貌分别利用X射线衍射分析仪和扫描电子显微镜进行了分析和观察.结果表明:双层辉光离子渗金属技术能够制备出均匀致密、与基体结合良好的渗Al层.在316L不锈钢表面渗Al的最佳工艺参数条件下,获得的渗Al层经随后的热氧化处理,可形成质量良好的致密Al2O3涂层.     

离子束辅助沉积防腐的铝和铝合金涂层

为了研究腐蚀性能与入射氩离子能量，离子－原子到达比和离子入射角的关系，用离子束辅助沉积方法在低碳钢上沉积纯铝涂层。根据理论对基体－涂层体系的局部化腐蚀性能的考虑，有可能估计孔隙度，涂层缺陷的相对数和这种缺陷的平均直径它们对过程参数扔依赖关系提出对膜生长的初始阶段的深入了解，并且证明在近表面区域的能量沉积是改善涂层缺陷，因而改善钢－铝体系的腐蚀性能最重要的因素。     

电子束处理前后C—SiC涂层的微观分析

在不锈钢材料表面，用射频磁控溅射沉积Ｃ－ＳｉＣ，利用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ对电子束处理前后的Ｃ－ＳｉＣ涂层进行了微观分析。     

Simulation of thermal stress in Er2O3 and Al2O3 tritium penetration barriers by finite-element analysis

The physical vapor deposition method is an effective way to deposit Al2O3 and Er2O3 on 316L stainless steel substrates acting as tritium permeation barriers in a fusion reactor.The distribution of residual thermal stress is calculated both in Al2O3 and Er2O3 coating systems with planar and rough substrates using finite element analysis.The parameters influencing the thermal stress in the sputter process are analyzed,such as coating and substrate properties,temperature and Young's modulus.This work shows that the thermal stress in Al2O3 and Er2O3 coating systems exhibit a linear relationship with substrate thickness,temperature and Young's modulus.However,this relationship is inversed with coating thickness.In addition,the rough substrate surface can increase the thermal stress in the process of coating deposition.The adhesive strength between the coating and the substrate is evaluated by the shear stress.Due to the higher compressive shear stress,the Al2O3 coating has a better adhesive strength with a 316L stainless steel substrate than the Er2O3 coating.Furthermore,the analysis shows that it is a useful way to improve adhesive strength with increasing interface roughness.     

Simulation of the effects of different substrates,temperature,and substrate roughness on the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 coating as tritium penetration barrier

Residual thermal stress in the system is a serious problem that affects the application of tritium permeation barrier coatings in fusion reactors. The stress not only determines the adhesion between coating and substrate, but also changes the properties of the material. In this study,finite element analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the residual thermal stress and the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium penetration barrier systems. Moreover, the residual thermal stress influenced by factors such as different substrates, temperature, and substrate roughness was also analyzed. The calculation showed that the hardness and elastic modulus increased with increasing compressive stress. However, the hardness and elastic modulus decreased with increasing tensile stress. The systems composed of Al_2O_3 coatings and different substrates exhibited different trends in mechanical properties. As the temperature increased, the hardness and the elastic modulus increased in an Al_2O_3/316 L stainless steel system; the trend was opposite in an Al_2O_3/Si system.Apart from this, the roughness of the substrate surface in the system could magnify the change in hardness and elastic modulus of the coating. Results showed that all these factors led to variation in the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium permeation barrier systems. Thus, thedetailed reasons for the changes in mechanical properties of these materials need to be analyzed.     

Vacuum plasma-sprayed tungsten on EUROFER and 316L: Results of characterisation and thermal loading tests

Vacuum plasma-spraying (VPS) can be used for the industrial deposition of thick W coatings on actively water-cooled components made of low activation steel or stainless steel. Mock-ups made of martensitic steels, EUROFER and F82H, as well as steel 316L, were coated with 2 mm thick W-VPS layers. The coated materials are candidates for first wall components (ITER and DEMO) receiving moderate heat load of up to 1 MW/m². Mixed tungsten/steel interlayers were applied to reduce the residual and thermal stresses at the substrate–coating interface and to improve the adhesion of the coating. The advantage of this mixed interlayer is that no further (high activation) materials have to be introduced to improve coating adhesion.The characterisation of the W-VPS layers includes the evaluation of the coating microstructure, the measurement of physical and mechanical properties and the metallographical examination before and after heat load tests.Heat load tests with steady state operation up to 2.5 MW/m² and cycling heat loads of 2 MW/m², were successfully completed. They confirm the thermomechanical suitability of industrially manufactured W-VPS coatings for plasma facing first wall components made of steel.     

脉冲偏压对贫铀表面磁控溅射离子镀铝结合强度的影响

采用磁控溅射离子镀技术在不同偏压下于贫铀表面制备铝镀层，用扫描电镜和俄歇电子能谱仪对镀层形貌和界面元素分布进行分析，用拉伸法对镀层的结合强度进行测定。结果表明：在-900V脉冲偏压下所得镀层与铀基体结合良好，镀层与基体之间存在较为明显的“伪扩散区”；与直流偏压相比较，脉冲偏压所得镀层结合强度明显增强，镀层的致密性显著改善。     

Microstructure characterization of oxidation of aluminized coating prepared by a combined process

Alumina layer is a good candidate for the tritium penetration barrier that is important in the control of tritium losses due to permeation through structural materials used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and in fusion reactors. This paper describes the microstructure of the oxide film of the tritium penetration barrier formed on 316L stainless steel, which was prepared by a combined process, namely, aluminizing and oxidizing treatments using a double glow plasma technology. Microstructure and phase structure of the coatings investigated were examined by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The chemical composition and the chemical states of Al, O elements in the oxidation film were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After aluminization, the typical microstructure of the coating mainly consisted of an outer high aluminum-containing intermetallic compound layer (Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl) and intermediate ferritic stainless steel (α Fe(Al))layer followed by the austenitic substrate. After the combined process, an oxide layer that consisted of Al₂O₃ and spinel FeAl₂O₄ had been successfully formed on the aluminizing coating surface, with an amorphous outmost surface and an underlying subsurface nanocrystalline structure.     

磁控溅射制备成分渐变Au/Cu复合涂层的研究

在JGP560型高真空多功能磁控溅射设备上,利用直流磁控溅射法,通过控制共溅射时Au靶和Cu靶的功率变化,在平面基片和微球表面制备了一系列成分渐变的Au/Cu涂层,并用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪对涂层的微观结构和成分进行了测试分析。分析结果表明：涂层内部的晶粒生长随Au和Cu含量的变化呈现出3个不同的区域;涂层中Au和Cu含量随涂层厚度的增加呈近线性变化的趋势;涂层内部晶粒之间结合紧密;涂层厚度均匀性良好,表面光洁。     

SiC coating as hydrogen permeation reduction and oxidation resistance for nuclear fuel cladding

Silicon carbide (SiC) coating is one of the countermeasures for the prevention of oxidation and hydrogen embrittlement of fuel claddings because SiC has high resistance of oxidation and hydrogen permeation. Hydrogen permeation and oxidation experiments for the cladding materials with SiC coatings were conducted in unirradiated conditions. The sputtering method was employed to make SiC coatings. In the hydrogen permeation experiment, 316 type of stainless steel (SS316) was used as a base material of the coating. SS316 with SiC coatings showed hydrogen permeation reduction by one order of magnitude. In the oxidation experiments, Zircaloy 4 (Zry-4) and SS316 were used as base materials of the coatings. The weight gain of the Zry-4 specimens with a SiC coating decreased by about one-fifth compared to the uncoated ones at 750 °C and 1200°C. This phenomenon was observed for SS316 at 750 °C as well. The peel-off of the coating was observed in several experiments, and it is considered that the peel-off was caused by the difference of the thermal expansions between coatings and base materials. Thicker coatings showed better oxidation resistance, but thinner coatings showed more tolerance of peel-off.     

等离子喷涂Fe-Ni-B屏蔽涂层的结构与性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti钢基体上制备了Fe-Ni-B涂层,并对涂层进行了重熔处理.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(EDX)对重熔前后涂层的显微组织及界面结构进行了微观分析,并对重熔前后涂层的显微硬度、热疲劳性能、结合强度进行了试验研究.结果表明,重熔处理对涂层显微结构有明显改善,涂层更为致密.涂层与基体界面处已发生相互扩散并有新相生成,涂层热疲劳性能更好,结合强度也有所提高.