共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 281 毫秒
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本文主要讨论了碱减量处理前后涤纶织物经原位聚合法制备聚吡咯导电织物的制备条件及性能研究。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光谱等测试手段分析了制得复合织物的表面形貌、组织结构和元素原子数分数,确定聚吡咯的存在,并分析了碱减量处理、掺杂剂以及氧化剂等因素对织物导电性能的影响。结果表明,通过对织物进行碱处理以及控制反应中掺杂剂、氧化剂的浓度等条件,可以制备具有良好导电性能的聚吡咯导电涤纶织物,并且导电织物的耐洗稳定性良好。 相似文献
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为了改善聚吡咯/羊毛复合导电纱线的导电性,采用化学原位聚合的方法,以纯羊毛纱线为基材,以吡咯为单体,三氯化铁为氧化剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为掺杂剂,制备了聚吡咯/羊毛复合导电纱线。根据羊毛纤维湿热条件的拉伸特性,采用机械拉伸和机械/化学试剂共同作用的方法,改变羊毛纤维的鳞片结构和表面性质,增加吡咯与羊毛纤维的反应位点。为了进一步提高复合导电纱线的导电性,采用多次负载的方法,增加聚吡咯在羊毛纱线上的负载。实验结果表明:经过预处理后的聚吡咯/羊毛复合导电纱线具有较高的强力和较低的初始模量,其导电性能大大提升,电阻值由未经处理的730Ω/cm下降到34.83Ω/cm。 相似文献
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为将聚吡咯导电材料应用于纺织领域,开发具有优良导电性及导电稳定性的功能性纺织面料,利用氢氧化钠/尿素体系对棉针织物表面进行改性,通过原位聚合的方法将聚吡咯沉积于改性的棉针织物表面制备导电织物,探讨了吡咯单体浓度、氧化剂用量、掺杂剂浓度、掺杂剂种类、反应温度和时间等参数对织物导电性的影响。将织物在空气、水中的导电稳定性进行对比,筛选出合适的掺杂剂。结果表明:5-磺基水杨酸钠(浓度0.015 mol/L)为掺杂剂,吡咯浓度为0.3 mol/L,氯化铁浓度为0.4 mol/L,在0 ℃下聚合反应4 h时,聚吡咯涂层后棉织物的表面方阻可降为1.4 Ω/□,而且涂层织物在空气中的导电稳定性好于其在水中的稳定性。 相似文献
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以Fe_3O_4为磁损耗材料、聚吡咯为导电吸波材料,采用两步法制备了Fe_3O_4/聚吡咯/棉防电磁辐射复合织物。首先利用Fe_3O_4纳米分散液对棉织物浸轧、烘干方式获得Fe_3O_4/棉磁性复合织物,并以此为基底材料,以FeCl_3为氧化剂、对甲苯磺酸为掺杂剂,通过原位聚合制备成磁性Fe_3O_4/聚吡咯/棉电磁屏蔽复合面料。探讨了吡咯单体浓度、氧化剂与掺杂剂浓度等因素对织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响规律,以及整理对棉织物吸湿速干性能的影响。实验结果表明,FeCl_3·6H_2O与C_4H_5N摩尔配比为1︰1,摩尔浓度为0.6 mol/L时具有最佳的电磁屏蔽性能,在30~1 500 MHz内,电磁屏蔽效能值可达15 d B,整理前后棉织物的液态水动态传递综合指数由5级降为2级,即整理削弱了棉织物的吸湿速干性能。 相似文献
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电子设备的广泛应用产生了大量电磁辐射,严重危害人体健康和环境。为了解决该问题,选用羊毛织物作为基布,以吡咯作为单体,三氯化铁作为氧化剂和掺杂剂,通过原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/羊毛复合织物。探讨了聚吡咯/羊毛复合织物的介电性能,测试其表面电阻、电阻率、电导率和静态接触角,并对其外观形貌进行研究。结果表明:聚吡咯/羊毛复合织物具有良好的极化能力、损耗能力和衰减能力,且介电性能、导电性能和亲水性能优异。该聚吡咯/羊毛复合织物生产工艺简单,不存在产生二次辐射污染的问题,且聚吡咯处理到羊毛织物上不会影响其原本的服用性能,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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为提高纺织品的多功能性如导电和疏水性等,在棉织物表面合成了疏水导电高分子材料聚吡咯。通过加入低表面能的掺杂剂来调控聚吡咯的疏水性与导电性,并对聚吡咯整理棉织物的表观形貌、电导率、接触角及K/S值等进行表征。结果表明,以木质素磺酸钠(LGS)为模板,掺杂 0.025 mol/L全氟辛基磺酸钾(KPFOS)制得的聚吡咯整理棉织物疏水性能最佳,且达到超疏水状态;以蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐(AQS)为软模板、掺杂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA) 的聚吡咯复合棉织物电导率最大。以AQS为软模板且以0.01 mol/L DBSA掺杂的聚吡咯整理棉织物综合性能较好: 接触角为131.2°,电导率为61.4 S/cm。因此通过模板的微观形貌控制以及烷基链或全氟烷基链的掺杂,可得到同时具备良好导电和疏水性能的聚吡咯整理棉织物,但其掺杂剂的调控机制仍需进一步研究。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素是一种可持续的绿色纳米材料,独特的结构使其成为发展下一代高效、环保储能器件的新选择。采用原位聚合、共混、层层自组装等方法可将纳米纤维素与碳材料、导电高分子、无机纳米粒子、过渡金属氧化物等光电材料复合形成具有导电和储能效应的多功能纳米复合材料。本文对不同维度的纳米纤维素基复合材料的制备方法及其在储能器件中应用的最新研究进展进行了综述并介绍了纳米纤维素基复合材料在储能领域未来发展中亟待解决的问题和发展方向及重点。 相似文献
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Flexible polypyrrole composites with good dielectric properties were produced using pyrrole as a monomer by in situ polymerization on cotton fabric. The influence of the dopant type, and its concentration on the surface resistance of the composites, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, and the loss tangent were investigated. The results show that the type and concentration of dopant have a major influence on the surface resistance of the polypyrrole/cotton composite material, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, and the loss tangent. The polypyrrole/cotton composites show good performance in terms of their dielectric properties and conductivity, features which have laid the foundation for developing practical multipurpose absorbing composites. 相似文献
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为促进纳米纤维素材料在储能领域的应用,综述了以其为原料,采用静电纺丝和炭化技术以及2种方法结合制备用于电池和超级电容器等电极材料和隔膜材料的工艺。通过分析发现:静电纺纳米纤维素材料具有电化学性能优异、柔性较好等优点,可用作增强材料与导电材料复合使用;炭化处理纳米纤维素材料具有独特微孔结构,比表面积大等特点,其存在的形态主要有气凝胶、纳米纤维膜及薄膜等;重点分析了2种方法叠加制备纳米纤维素材料在储能领域应用中存在的问题;提出构建环保、形态结构多样的天然基材储能器件是未来的发展方向,指出静电纺丝和炭化制备纳米纤维素材料在柔性储能器件和小巧型移动端储能设备中具有较好应用前景。 相似文献
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为提高聚吡咯在聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线表面的粘附牢度,增加纳米纤维纱线表面的亲水性,采用常温常压等离子体技术对聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线表面进行丙烯酸接枝改性处理,再通过原位聚合法制备聚吡咯导电纳米纤维纱线;探讨了等离子体接枝改性的最佳处理次数和接枝时间,研究了吡咯单体浓度、氧化剂用量、掺杂剂浓度和反应时间等对聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线导电性的影响。结果表明:当等离子体处理功率为100 W,接枝时间为4 h,接枝2次时,聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线的吸水率由未处理时的227.21%提升至350.31%,纱线的质量增加率可达90%;在吡咯浓度为0.6 mol/L,三氯化铁浓度为0.8 mol/L,盐酸浓度为0.6 mol/L,0 ℃条件下反应4 h时,聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线的电导率提高到4.589 S/cm。 相似文献
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This work deals with the preparation and characterization of electrically conductive textiles for heat generation. Needlepunched nonwoven, spunlace nonwoven, and woven fabrics, all made of 100% polyester fibers, were made electrically conductive by in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole with p-toluene sulfonic acid dopant. Alkali hydrolysis of polyester fabrics was done before in situ polymerization for better fixation of polypyrrole on polyester. The average surface resistivities were found to be 1013.08, 1099.72, and 1434.12?Ω/□, respectively, for needlepunched, spunlace, and woven fabrics. The electro-conductive fabrics displayed exponential rise of surface temperature on application of voltage and the rise of temperature was found to be related to the time duration of applied voltage. The electro-conductive fabrics exhibited linear voltage–current relationship at low voltage range. The surface resistivity of the electro-conductive fabrics was increased substantially on prolong exposure to atmosphere. 相似文献
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Nanocelluloses, obtained from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of renewable functional nanomaterials with excellent properties and a broad range of applications. This review mainly illustrates practical and advanced applications of nanocellulose-based materials in the following categories. ① Fire-resistant materials: in the section on these types of materials, the fire-protection property of nanocellulose/clay hybrid composites (clay nanopaper) is illustrated; oriented montmorillonite (MTM) provides barrier properties and low thermal conductivity whereas cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) impart favorable charring. ② Thermal insulation materials: the best way to obtain materials with good heat insulation performance is to decrease the thermal conductivity of such materials. ③ Template materials: nanocellulose can direct the deposition and patterning of materials to form nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes with improved properties. 相似文献
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Nanocellulose composites combine the advantages of nanocellulose and composites. Recently, nanocellulose composites have been received more attentions due to their improved properties and promising broad applications. In the past, rapid progress has been made in the synthesis, properties, and mechanism of nanocellulose composites and potential applications were reported. There are a few reports on the increasing applications of nanocellulose composites with focus on the biomedical field, environmental field, electrode and sensor applications. In this article, the recent development of nanocellulose composites was reviewed via some typical examples. In addition to the synthesis methods, improved properties and potential applications were discussed. The problems and future applications of nanocellulose composites were also suggested. 相似文献