低聚合度木聚糖对木聚糖酶合成的影响

研究了木聚糖的聚合度和添加黄豆粉对里氏木霉合成木聚糖酶的影响，并以纯化木聚糖酶水解木聚糖。研究结果表明：木聚糖经酶水解后平均聚合度降低54％，戊聚糖含量为75．4％。采用低聚合度木聚糖为底物碳源和添加黄豆粉都可提高产酶效果。以12g／L低聚合度木聚糖添加2g／L黄豆粉，培养3d后木聚糖酶活力可达到113IU／mL，提高49．3％。通过对木聚糖酶进行纯化处理可以有效除去β-木糖苷酶。以体积分数10％的木聚糖酶水解35g／L木聚糖3h后，低聚木糖得率达到35．5％，而木糖得率仅为1．5％，低聚木糖与总糖的比值达到95．8％，随着酶解时间的延长，低聚木糖不会被降解。     

培养基成分对里氏木霉合成木聚糖酶的影响

以里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)Rut C-30为产酶菌,研究了碳源、氮源和碳氮比对木聚糖酶合成的影响.结果表明粗木聚糖和亚硫酸盐纸浆混合作为碳源有利于木聚糖酶的合成,碳源中随着亚硫酸盐纸浆含量的增多,合成的木聚糖酶活先上升后下降,当碳源为粗木聚糖(5g/L)与亚硫酸盐纸浆(2g/L)的混合物时,木聚糖酶活最高,与单独用7g/L的粗木聚糖为碳源相比,木聚糖酶活提高了56.66%.混合氮源的产酶效果比单一氮源的产酶效果好,其中尿素、蛋白胨和酵母浸膏按一定的比例混合作为氮源产酶效果最好,木聚糖酶活达138.56 IU/mL,单一氮源中有机氮源产酶效果比无机氮源稍好.随着碳氮比的增加,木聚糖酶活值先上升后下降,以粗木聚糖为碳源,里氏木霉合成木聚糖酶的较适碳氮比为7.2左右.     

低聚合度木聚糖对木聚糖酶合成的影响

研究了木聚糖的聚合度和添加黄豆粉对里氏木霉合成木聚糖酶的影响,并以纯化木聚糖酶水解木聚糖。研究结果表明:木聚糖经酶水解后平均聚合度降低54%,戊聚糖含量为75.4%。采用低聚合度木聚糖为底物碳源和添加黄豆粉都可提高产酶效果。以12g/L低聚合度木聚糖添加2g/L黄豆粉,培养3d后木聚糖酶活力可达到113IU/mL,提高49.3%。通过对木聚糖酶进行纯化处理可以有效除去β 木糖苷酶。以体积分数10%的木聚糖酶水解35g/L木聚糖3h后,低聚木糖得率达到35.5%,而木糖得率仅为1.5%,低聚木糖与总糖的比值达到95.8%,随着酶解时间的延长,低聚木糖不会被降解。     

氮源对里氏木酶合成木聚糖酶的影响

分别以（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４、酵母浸膏及蛋白胨为产酶氮源制备木聚糖酶。试验结果表明,酵母浸膏的产酶效果最好,其次是（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４。当以酵母浸膏为氮源产酶时,酶活力最高达到２５．４７ＩＵ／ｍＬ,酶得率和酶产率分别为３６３８．６ＩＵ／ｇ木聚糖和８４９０．０ＩＵ／Ｌ·ｄ,酶活力分别是以（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４及蛋白胨为氮源时的１．５倍和２．０倍     

低聚木糖生产用木聚糖酶的选择性合成

以里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)Rut C-30为产酶菌,研究了碳源、碳氮比对木聚糖酶酶系组成的影响.低分子量组分较多的木聚糖有利于促进内切-β-木聚糖酶的合成,酶解产物中低聚木糖的含量较高(80.70%).低碳氮比有利于促进内切-β-木聚糖酶的合成,抑制外切-β-木糖苷酶的合成.以低分子量较多的木聚糖(7g/L)为碳源,降低培养基的碳氮比为4.0,调控培养60h,用该木聚糖酶酶解粗木聚糖,产物中低聚木糖占总糖的86.32%.     

荧光假单孢菌高活性木聚糖酶产酶研究

从盐碱土中获得一样荧光假单孢菌（P.flu．01）,研究了该菌木聚糖酶产酶条件。虽然木聚糖为木聚糖酶产酶最佳碳源,但以未处理的玉米芯为碳源,胰蛋白际和酵母混音为氮源时．经60h培养后,木聚糖酶活高达164．OIU／mL,而CMC酶活很低,只有0．29IU/mL。同时该菌对pH值具有广泛的适应性,在起始pH＝6．0－11．0范围内其木聚糖产酶能力相差不大。有机氛胰蛋白股和酵母混音比无机氛更有利于酶活的提高,并且木聚糖酶活力的提高和有机氟含量增加成正比。玉米芯的物理状态即粗细度对产酶影响不大,但玉米芯的含量增加对广酶有强烈的挺进作用。该酶最合适pH值为6．5,最适反应温度为50℃。     

绿色木霉木聚糖酶在燕麦木聚糖上的亲和吸附和解析

研究了液相环境对绿色木霉木聚糖酶在水不溶性燕麦木聚糖上的亲和吸附及木聚糖酶―木聚糖复合体的解吸的影响。结果表明,燕麦木聚糖对木聚糖酶的亲和吸附作用主要依赖于它们之间的静电作用和氢键作用,疏水作用对吸附没有贡献。以pH3.0的柠檬酸―柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液为吸附体系的液相时,每克燕麦木聚糖的最大吸附容量为77IU的木聚糖酶。用含0.025mol/LNaCl、pH为7.0的柠檬酸―磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液作为洗脱液,能将96%的被吸附的木聚糖酶洗脱下来,此时木聚糖酶活回收率为74.3%。     

云芝木聚糖酶的培养和Tween80对其产酶的促进作用

本文研究了不同碳源和吐温80（Tween80）对云芝木聚糖酶产醇的影响，当以1％滤纸为碳源时，木聚精酶活最高可达11U／mL，用微晶纤维素为碳源时也能产生很高的木聚精酶．而以1％木聚糖为碳源时，只能产生很低的木聚精酶活．Tween80对木聚糖酶的产生具有明显的促进作用，分别可达3倍（微晶纤维素为碳原）和30％以上（滤纸为碳源），这主要由于Tween80能促进木糖耷醉的分泌，提高胞外木糖苷酶的活性。     

直接降解木质素的漆酶/木聚糖酶体系的合成

对一株高产漆酶及伴有木聚糖酶和少量纤维素酶的菌株,用不同的碳源和氮源对其调控培养,合成漆酶/木聚糖酶体系。实验结果表明,最佳的碳源是可溶性淀粉,用它作碳源,漆酶活性高达730IU/mL,木聚糖酶活性是4.49IU/mL,纤维素酶活性只有0.23IU/mL;最佳的氮源是蛋白胨,用其作氮源,合成漆酶活性可达812IU/mL,木聚糖酶活性是4.68IU/mL,纤维素酶活只有0.09IU/mL。     

黑曲霉诱变产酶活性与稻壳中木聚糖定向酶解的研究

采用紫外线照射诱变黑曲霉,筛选出低纤维素酶活的木聚糖酶高产菌株,研究了最优诱变条件,分析了诱变后黑曲霉产木聚糖酶的活性,测定了木聚糖酶对温度和pH值的稳定性。并初步探讨了木聚糖浓度、加酶量对酶解的影响。结果表明,最优诱变条件为:紫外照射功率40 W、照射距离28 cm、诱变时间2.5 min;黑曲霉产木聚糖酶的最适温度为50℃、最适pH值为4.2。木聚糖浓度对木聚糖的酶解没有影响,加酶量对木聚糖的酶解有一定影响;在木聚糖浓度为30 g.L-1、加酶量为2%~5%时,酶解效果较好。     

Enzymatic production of Xylooligosaccharide from selected agricultural wastes

Four different agricultural wastes, namely tobacco stalk (TS), cotton stalk (CS), sunflower stalk (SS) and wheat straw (WS) were tested for the production of Xylooligosaccharide (XO). XO production was performed by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylans which were obtained by alkali extraction from the agricultural wastes. Depending on the source, it was found that these four agricultural wastes contained different amount of xylan, cellulose and lignin and the xylan obtained from these source contained different amount of sugar and uronic acid. The highest amount of arabinose was in xylan from WS while the other xylans mainly had xylose and small amount of glucose. Different xylanase preparations were evaluated for production XO from these xylan sources. Aspergillus niger xylanase produced lower amount of XO from wheat straw xylan (WSX) than cotton stalk xylan (CSX), sun flower xylan (SSX) and tobacco stalk xylan (TSX) while Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase hydrolyzed highly branched WSX better. The HPLC analysis of the hydrolysis products indicated that depending on structure and composition of xylan, A. niger xylanase produced less amount of xylose than T. longibrachiatum xylanase, and the hyrolysis product of A. niger xylanase contained different amount of oligosaccharides (X2 > X3 > X4 > X5 > X6, >X6). Regardless of the structural differences of the xylan types presented in this paper, all xylans generated XO with different degree of polymerization (DP), but the DP of XO depended on the enzyme specificity and the structure of substrate.     

Improvement of enzymatic xylooligosaccharides production by the co-utilization of xylans from different origins

This study aimed to improve XOs production by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylans from various lignocellulosic waste biomasses namely corn cob, cotton and sunflower stalks, rice hull, wheat straw by using two commercial xylanase preparations, Shearzyme 500L and Veron 191. Shearzyme 500L showed better xylan hydrolysis capacity with high amount of xylose liberation. Xylobiose was the main hydrolysis product in each case. Even though the enzymatic hydrolyses using Shearzyme 500L resulted higher reducing sugar production compared to those of Veron 191, the hydrolysis of complex xylan structures was improved and the production of undesirable xylose was lowered by the co-utilization of xylanase preparations. By the co-utilization of xylanase preparations, the reducing sugar production from wheat straw, corn cob and sunflower stalk originated xylans was increased by 36%, 33% and 13%, respectively, compared to the expected reducing sugar yields. The highest reducing sugar production was obtained from complex corn cob xylan. The depolymerization of cotton and sunflower stalk xylan was poorest even though they have simple structures. Poor utilization of these xylans might be related to their high residual lignin content which might hinder the accessibility of xylan by the xylanases. However, the utilization of sunflower and cotton stalk xylan was improved when they were hydrolyzed within a xylan mixture containing equal amounts of each of five different xylans. In short, XOs production efficiency from agricultural waste materials was improved by the co-utilization of suitable xylanase and/or xylan mixtures considering the heterogeneous structures of xylan and different substrate specificities of xylanases.     

Effect of the Degree of Acetylation on the Enzymatic Digestion of Acetylated Xylans

The effect of the degree of acetylation on the enzymatic digestibility of acetylated xylans has been investigated. Oatspelts xylans were reacetylated to degrees of 0.26 to 1.67 moles acetyl groups per mole of anhydroxylose units. These acetylated samples were then used to study the effect of acetylation on the xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and acetyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.6) activities of a commercial Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparation. The enzymatic digestibility was dramatically affected by the degree of acetylation. The onset of resistance is similar for both the xylanase and acetyl esterase enzymes, and both enzymes were completely inhibited by a degree of acetylation of 1.5 moles acetyl groups per mole anhydroxylose units at all enzyme loadings.     

Characterization of cellulase and xylanase activities of Clostridium celerecrescens

The production of cellulases and xylanase by Clostridium celerecrescens, a new anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacterium, was studied using various substrates (cellobiose, xylan and cellulose Whatman CF-11). While both cellulase (β-1,4-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) and xylanase (β-1,4-xylan xylanohydrolase) were produced on cellulose, only the latter was produced when xylan was used as the sole carbon source. A weak p-nitrophenyl-β-D cellobiohydrolase activity was detected in the extracellular filtrates when using cellulose as a substrate. Otherwise, β-glucosidase (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranosidase) was always found to be associated with the bacteria and reached its maximum levels of growth on cellobiose. In all cases, enzyme production showed a cell growth associated profile. Activities of these enzymes had their optimal values within the ranges of temperature and pH reported for the corresponding enzymes from similar anaerobic mesophilic microorganisms, although a relatively high optimum temperature, 55°C, was found for xylanase. All enzymes showed a 90% reduction of half-life time for each 8°C increment of temperature. A 50% inhibition of xylanase and β-cellobiohydrolase activity was observed, through a competitive mechanism, by xylose (0.677 mmol dm^?3) and cellobiose (28 mmol dm^?3) respectively.     

Optimization of Xylanase Production from Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 by a Two-Step Statistical Strategy: Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Experimental Design

The objective of the study was to optimize the nutrition sources in a culture medium for the production of xylanase from Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 using Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design. The Plackett-Burman multifactorial design was first employed to screen the important nutrient sources in the medium for xylanase production by Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 and subsequent use of the response surface methodology (RSM) was further optimized for xylanase production by Box-Behnken design. The important nutrient sources in the culture medium, identified by the initial screening method of Placket-Burman, were wheat bran, yeast extract, NaNO(3), MgSO(4), and CaCl(2). The optimal amounts (in g/L) for maximum production of xylanase were: wheat bran, 32.8; yeast extract, 1.02; NaNO(3), 12.71; MgSO(4), 0.96; and CaCl(2), 1.04. Using this statistical experimental design, the xylanase production under optimal condition reached 46.50 U/mL and an increase in xylanase activity of 1.34-fold was obtained compared with the original medium for fermentation carried out in a 30-L bioreactor.     

产木聚糖酶优良菌株的选育

对荧光假单孢杆菌野生株（Pseudomonasflu）0－01进行紫外（UV）诱变和化学诱变后,得诱变株0-96,其在自落形态上稍有改变,产酶能力得到显著提高,本聚糖酶活可达325．45IU／mL,而纤维素酶的含量却比较低,只有0．5IU／mL左右。该菌株可用廉价的农副产品作为培养基,而获得较高的防产量。     

Xylanase production by Bacillus polymyxa

Bacillus polymyxa produced high levels (12–13 U cm^?3) of extracellular xylanases when grown in a complex medium containing yeast extract and oat spelt xylan as nitrogen and carbon sources respectively. Substantially lower yields of enzyme were produced during growth on the monosaccharides glucose, arabinose and xylose. Meagre growth occurred when ammonium sulphate, instead of yeast extract, was used as nitrogen source. When assayed in culture broth supernatants, xylanase showed an optimum activity in 48°C and at pH values in the range 5.0–6.5. Under such conditions, the half-life of this xylanase preparation was 8 h. Mn²⁺ showed a strong inhibitory effect on the enzyme, but inhibition by EDTA (27% w/v) suggested dependence on a metallic ion. SDS-PAGE and zymogram overlay showed that up to five separate xylanases in the range of 20 to 116 kDa were produced.