同步送粉激光熔注WC-W_2C_p/4Cr5MoSiV1复合材料层微观组织及摩擦磨损性能

以铸造WC (WC/W_2C共晶)作为增强颗粒,4Cr5MoSiV1作为熔注层金属基体,采用激光熔注技术在Q235表面制备WC_p/4Cr5MoSiV1金属基复合材料层。采用XRD、OM、SEM和EDS对涂层的物相、宏观形貌和微观组织进行了表征分析,测试了涂层沿深度方向上的显微硬度,室温条件下进行销盘式面接触干滑动摩擦磨损试验,利用SEM对磨损表面进行微观组织分析。结果表明,复合材料层的相组成主要有γ-Fe、WC、M_2C、M_6C、M_(23)C_6、(Fe,W)_3C (M=Fe,Cr,W,Mo),碳化物在复合材料层中呈现不同的形态。复合材料层的HV_(0.2)硬度7237.4 MPa,是基材Q235硬度的4.6倍,较传统淬火态4Cr5MoSiV1高出50%。复合材料层的平均摩擦系数为0.283,仅为硬质合金的87.1%, 4Cr5MoSiV1的61.1%;相对磨损率43.45,是硬质合金的1.7倍,4Cr5MoSiV1的43倍。     

Q235钢表面激光熔注WC涂层的微观组织及耐磨性

采用激光熔注技术对材料进行表面强化具有显著的优点.将WC陶瓷作为注入颗粒,在Q235钢表面制备激光熔注层.对激光熔注工艺进行了系统研究.利用SEM,EDS,XRD等手段分析熔注层的微观组织结构,对熔注层的硬度和耐磨性能进行了测试.结果表明,成功的激光熔注过程需要严格的工艺参数条件,采用优化的工艺参数时激光熔注WC表面层成形良好.熔注层主要由WC,W2C以及M6C(Fe3W3C-Fe4W2C)强化相组成,Fe3W3C分别以颗粒之间基体上的树枝晶和依附WC颗粒形成的反应层两种形态存在于熔注层中;熔注层平均硬度约为母材硬度的4倍,熔注层摩擦系数不超过基体的1/4,熔注层耐磨性良好.     

氩弧熔覆原位合成Ti(C,N)-WC增强镍基表层复合材料的研究

以Ni60A粉、TiC粉、TiN粉、WC粉和Co粉为原料,在Q235钢的表面用氩弧熔覆原位合成技术制备了Ti(C,N)-WC增强镍基复合材料涂层。分析了涂层的显微组织、化学成分、硬度变化和摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明:熔覆层组织主要由富Ni的γ(Ni,Fe)相,Ti(C,N),WC和(Fe,Cr);C等组成。与Q235钢基体相比,涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性分别是基体Q235钢的6.5倍和10倍。显微硬度由表及里呈先上升后下降的阶梯状趋势,到热影响区时又明显降低。基体Q235钢的磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨料磨损,而复合涂层的的磨损形式主要是磨屑充当第三体引起的磨粒磨损。     

等离子熔覆添加碳化钨的铁基合金涂层的研究

为了提高钢铁材料表面的硬度和耐磨性,采用等离子弧在Q235钢基体上熔覆添加50%镍包WC的Fe-Cr-B-Si合金粉末,制备了具有冶金结合的复合涂层.采用SEM、EDS、XRD等研究了涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度分布.结果表明:Q235钢表面经等离子熔覆形成的复合涂层中,WC颗粒部分溶解于铁基合金,WC颗粒与涂层界面形成厚达数微米的反应层,有效提高了涂层与WC的界面结合强度.涂层由基体组织γ-Fe枝晶,颗粒状WC、Fe3W3C、Fe6W6C、W2C等相组成,其显微硬度可达560～820HV0.2.     

Q235钢等离子熔覆添加碳化钨铁基合金复合涂层的研究

在Q235钢基体上采用等离子弧熔覆了添加30%镍包碳化钨的Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si合金粉末,制备了具有冶金结合的复合涂层.采用SEM、EDS、XRD等研究了涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度分布.检测结果表明,Q235钢表面经等离子熔覆的复合涂层厚度可达2.5 mm,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷.涂层中WC颗粒部分溶解于铁基合金,WC与涂层界面形成厚达数微米的反应层,有效提高了WC与涂层间界面结合强度,其组织主要由γ-Fe和α-Fe为基,Cr23C6、Fe6W6C、WC等强化相组成,熔覆层的显微硬度可达500～1 000 HV0.2.     

激光熔敷原位合成WC增强铁基复合涂层的组织和性能

利用激光熔敷原位合成技术,以一定比例的Fe、C、W等粉末为熔敷材料,在Q235钢基体上原位反应合成WC颗粒增强型铁基涂层。分别采用OM、SEM、XRD、EDS、显微硬度、摩擦磨损等分析测试方法对熔敷金属的组织、成分和力学性能等进行研究。结果表明:合适的工艺参数下,能够得到无缺陷的与基体冶金结合的熔敷层金属,熔敷层内的硬质相主要为Fe_3W_3C、W_2C和很多晶粒细小WC;W粉颗粒尺寸影响熔敷层中WC的生成量,小尺寸的钨粉颗粒可以生成更多的WC,当W粉颗粒尺寸达到23μm时,出现了细小的六边形的WC形貌;适当提高Cr的含量可以增加熔敷层的硬度,但会减少WC的生成数量。激光熔敷层的硬度相比基体有很大提高,平均硬度可达到921 HV;耐磨性能远高于基体,当出现细小的六边形WC颗粒时,耐磨性能可达到基体的602倍。     

电火花沉积与激光熔覆复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆工艺和电火花沉积工艺在Q235钢上熔覆铁基合金粉末和WC陶瓷硬质合金,形成复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等对复合涂层的相结构、显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能进行了分析.结果表明:复合涂层主要是由Fe3W3C、Co3W3C、Si2W、W2C和(Fe0.51Mn0.46 Ni0.03)6C等相组成;复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,复合涂层中电火花区域中细小的硬质相弥散分布于沉积层中;复合涂层的厚度为140～160 μm,其中电火花沉积区域约为40μm,激光熔覆工艺的涂层厚度为100～120 μm;电火花沉积层的硬度最高可达1262.9 HV,平均硬度为1151.6 HV,电火花沉积区域与激光熔覆区域之间的过渡区域的显微硬度为884.8 HV,激光熔覆区域的显微硬度平均值为578.3 HV;复合涂层的耐磨性较基体耐磨性提高2.3倍,强化层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损.     

高频感应熔覆WC增强Ni60合金涂层性能研究

采用高频感应熔覆方法在Q235低碳钢基体上制备了不同含量的WC增强Ni60A合金复合涂层.利用SEM和XRD分析了涂层的显微组织和相结构,并进行了耐磨性试验.结果表明,复台涂层中主要由WC、W2C、Cr7C3、Cr23C6、Cr2B、Ni2B、Ni3Si及Ni3Fe等相组成,并与基体实现了冶金结合.在相同试验条件下,涂层的硬度和耐磨性随WC含量的增加而提高,加入WC涂层的相对耐磨性为Ni60A涂层的2-6倍,当WC加入量为50%时涂层的耐磨性最好,为Ni60A涂层的6.5倍.涂层的磨损机制主要为轻微的塑性切削和硬质相的脆性剥落.     

热源对原位合成WC颗粒增强铁基涂层的影响

以设定比例的Fe、W、C等粉末为反应元素,通过激光和氩弧在Q235钢基体上熔覆原位反应合成WC颗粒增强铁基涂层。利用SEM和EDS分析熔敷层组织和成分,利用显微硬度仪测量熔敷层至基体的硬度。结果表明:激光和氩弧熔敷均得到成型良好的熔敷层,激光熔敷层的硬质相主要是枝晶Fe3W3C并含有少量WC颗粒,氩弧熔敷层内硬质相都是块状WC颗粒。激光熔敷层最大硬度达906 HV,氩弧熔敷层最大硬度达1108 HV。     

等离子熔覆添加WC的Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si涂层的研究

在Q235钢基体上采用等离子弧熔覆添加30%镍包碳化钨的Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si合金粉末,制备具有冶金结合的复合涂层.采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等研究了涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度分布.结果表明:复合涂层中WC颗粒部分溶解于铁基合金,两相界面形成厚达数微米的反应层,有效提高了涂层与WC的界面结合强度;涂层组织主要由枝晶γ-Fe为基,椭圆状的WC、Cr23C6、Fe6W6C强化相组成,熔覆层的显微硬度可达580～630HV0.2.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.