表面复合处理对AB5合金的高倍率和低温放电性能的影响

为了进一步提高贮氢合金的高倍率和低温放电等电化学性能,采用在有机酸中添加金属离子M2 (Ni2 、Co2 、Cu2 )及还原剂的方法,对商品AB5型贮氢合金粉末进行表面复合处理,实现了有机酸处理和表面微包覆一步完成.结果表明,经表面复合处理后的贮氢合金电极在2400mA/g放电电流密度下的HRD由21.9%提高到38.1%,在-35℃下的放电容量由54mA·h/g提高到170mA·h/g.表面复合处理显著改善了AB5贮氢合金的电化学性能,是一种方便有效的表面改性处理方法.     

热处理对低Co贮氢合金Ml(NiCoMnAlFe)_5电化学性能的影响

系统研究了热处理对低Co贮氢电极合金Ml(NiCoMnAlFe) 5 电化学性能的影响。结果表明 ,铸态合金的放电容量为 2 97mA·h/g ,经 2 68次充放电循环后的容量保持率为 68% ;经热处理后 ,合金的放电容量提高至30 2mA·h/g ,2 68次充放电循环后的容量保持率提高至 80 % ,热处理提高了合金的放电容量和循环稳定性 ;同时发现热处理会导致合金高倍率放电特性的恶化。XRD测试表明 ,热处理降低了晶格应力与晶格缺陷 ,改善了合金的成分均匀性 ,从而提高了合金的放电容量和循环稳定性。     

镀镍对AB5型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

为了获得具有良好电化学性能的AB5型贮氢合金,以提高Ni-MH电池的市场竞争力,对AB5型贮氢合金MlNi3.55Al0.3Mn0.3Co0.24Cu0.2Fe0.05Si0.1Cr0.15Zn0.1B0.01进行镀镍处理,并对镀镍前后合金的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明,经过镀镍处理后,合金的的活化性能、放电容量和循环稳定性都得到改善,达到最大放电容量所需的循环周期由10个减为6个,最大放电容量由235mA·h/g升到265mA·h/g,经190个循环周期,容量衰减由23%降到13%.     

熔体旋淬Ml(NiCoMnAl)_5贮氢合金的微结构与电化学行为

研究了熔体旋淬和常规熔铸Ml(NiCoMnAl) 5贮氢合金的微结构和电化学行为。SEM和XRD分析表明 ,熔体旋淬合金由细小的柱状晶组成 ,它们的晶体结构与铸态一样 ,都为CaCu5型六方晶体结构。电化学测试表明 ,旋淬态合金电极初始容量较高 (>2 10mA·h/ g) ,经 1～ 2次循环就可达到最大放电容量。旋淬速度为 10m/s的合金电极的放电容量 (2 94mA·h/g)稍高于铸态合金电极的容量 ,所有旋淬态合金电极充放电循环稳定性皆优于铸态合金。在 6 0 0mA/ g电流质量密度下 ,旋淬速度为 10m/s的合金电极具有较好的高倍率充放电能力 ,但随着循环次数的增加 ,其容量稳定性稍次于旋淬速度为 2 5m/s和 40m/s的合金电极。     

La-Mg-Ni系AB3型贮氢电极合金的相结构与电化学性能

XRDRietveld分析显示,LaxMg3-xNi9(x=1.0-2.3)均由六方PuNi3型结构的主相及少量LaNi5及MgNi2杂相组成,主相的晶胞参数随x的增加而线性增大.合金的氢化物仍保持PuNi3型结构,但其晶胞体积有较大的膨胀.电化学测试表明,随x增加,合金的最大放电容量由88.3(x=1.0)逐渐增大到397.5mA·h/g(x=2.0),然后又降低到230mA·h/g(x=2.3).对放电容量超过348mA·h/g的合金(x=1.7-2.2),在放电电流i=400-1200mA/g的条件下,合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD)均随x增加而有不同程度的降低.HRD的缓慢降低主要与合金电极进行电荷迁移反应时的电催化活性的逐渐降低有关,而在x＞2.0时,HRD的快速降低与氢在合金中的扩散速率明显降低有关,上述合金经100次循环后合金的容量保持率为55.7%-62.9%,容量衰退较快与循环过程中La和Mg的氧化腐蚀以及合金较大的吸氢体积膨胀率有关.     

AB5型贮氢合金及其优化设计

AB5型贮氢合金的性能主要取决于其成分、结构和显微组织。本文从AB5型贮氢合金的晶体结构出发,详细讨论了AB5型贮氢合金在诸多方面的优化措施：（1）化学成分上,向多元合金化发展,降低合金的成本,改善合金性能;（2）结构上,偏离AB5结构,发展非化学计量比合金;（3）显微组织上,从主相向“主相＋辅相”发展;（4）工艺上,开发新的合金制备、热处理和表面改性等工艺方法;（5）改善合金使用环境;（6）研究方法上理论化、系统化。通过这些途径,可以对AB5型贮氢合金进行深入研究,进一步提高合金的性能。     

稀土-镁-镍基贮氢电极合金的研究进展

具有超结构特征的稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金作为新一代金属氢化物/镍(MH/Ni)电池负极材料,因其高的放电容量和好的倍率放电性能,是目前贮氢电极合金发展的重点材料之一。本文从材料相结构、贮氢特性和电化学性能之间的关系出发,综述了近年来国内外稀土-镁-镍基AB3型、A2B7型和A5B19型贮氢电极合金的研究进展,为开发兼具高容量和长寿命的新型稀土系贮氢电极合金提供有价值的参考。     

低Co贮氢合金的研究进展

简述了镍氢电池负极材料AB5型贮氢合金A侧、B侧各元素对其电化学性能的影响。在此基础上，重点介绍了近年来国内外低Co、无Co贮氢合金在合金成分设计，制备工艺，热处理及表面处理方面的研究进展，阐明了低成本AB5型贮氢合金和镍氢动力电池发展的方向。     

化学镀Ni-Co-P合金对贮氢电极电化学性能的影响

研究了化学镀Ni Co P镀层对贮氢合金电极性能的影响。研究表明 ,引入 1 .74%Co的Ni Co P合金镀层可有效地提高负极贮氢合金活性物质的利用率 ,MH电极的活化性能得到明显改善 ,初次放电容量即达到 2 0 8mA·h/g、最大放电容量达 2 95.8mA·h/g ;同时循环寿命亦有所提高 ,化学镀Ni Co P合金的贮氢电极在进行 1 0 0次循环充放后 ,电容量的保持率为 88% ,而未镀贮氢电极电容量衰减至 62 %。镀Ni Co P合金电极容量的增加 ,主要是由于Co氧化电流和微电流集流效率改善双重作用的结果。化学镀后贮氢合金的抗粉化和抗氧化能力得以改善 ,使得MH电极在自放电性能上有较大改进 ,不可逆部分的容量损失由 2 3.2mA·h/g降到了 3.6mA·h/g。借助于SEM和XRD分析了化学镀Ni Co P合金对MH电极性能改善的影响机理。     

AB5型低钴含铁贮氢合金电极材料的研究进展

综述了AB5型低钴含铁稀土系贮氢合金的最新研究情况,及对提高AB5型贮氢合金综合性能所进行的探索.重点介绍了近年来国内外低钴含铁稀土系贮氢合金在合金成分设计,制备工艺及热处理方面的研究进展,阐明了低钴稀土系贮氢合金的发展前景.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.