氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的影响研究

研究了水胶比（W／B）为0．35和0．45的普通混凝土和粉煤灰掺量为20％和3096的粉煤灰混凝土在2种溶液（5% Na2SO4溶液．3．5％NaCl＋5％ Na2SO4复合溶液）和2种腐蚀制度（长期浸泡和浸烘循环）下各混凝土的损伤失效规律、特点及氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的正负效应。试验结果表明：混凝土浸泡在腐蚀溶液中500d，其抗压强度有增加段和稳定段；相对动弹性模量（RDME）变化有明显的线性增加段、稳定段，再增加段和再稳定段；在浸烘循环下，混凝土的抗压强度先下降，再上升然后迅速下降；其RDME变化包括下降、线性增加、缓慢下降和加速下降段。复合溶液中氯盐的存在拉长了各个腐蚀阶段的时间，延缓了混凝土的硫酸盐损伤程度。试验结果还表明：适宜的粉煤灰掺量和低水胶比能提高混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力。     

抗裂型外加剂对粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的影响

考虑抗裂型外加剂类型及其掺量的影响,开展了粉煤灰混凝土在养护与硫酸盐腐蚀条件两种情况下抗压强度的试验研究。试验结果表明：不同粉煤灰掺量下UEA型膨胀剂对混凝土力学性能的影响规律一致,HME-V高效抗裂剂的影响规律不同。养护龄期内,掺加UEA或HME-V与30%粉煤灰的混凝土抗压强度值均在90 d后处于稳定,掺量均以5%为最佳强度掺量,硫酸盐腐蚀后以5%外加剂掺量的试件损失最低。5%和8%两种掺量下,随着粉煤灰掺量的提高（10%~30%）,掺加两种抗裂外加剂的试件28 d抗压强度均降低。养护的30%粉煤灰掺量的UEA试件强度总大于HME-V试件。硫酸盐腐蚀后掺加HME-V的试件强度大于UEA试件强度。HME-V外加剂较UEA能更好地延缓硫酸盐腐蚀造成的力学性能损失。     

玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土弹性模量和抗压强度的影响

为了深入了解玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土弹性模量产生的影响效应,试验研究了不同玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土弹性模量和抗压强度的影响,拟合分析了弹性模量与抗压强度的关系,并建立了相应的数学模型。结果表明:玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土弹性模量和抗压强度均有显著的影响;在体积掺量0.4%范围内,纤维微筋网的增强效应明显,混凝土弹性模量和抗压强度均随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加而增大;纤维掺量超过0.4%以后,纤维微筋网对流动性的阻滞作用凸显,弹性模量和抗压强度均随掺量的增加而下降;玄武岩纤维混凝土弹性模量与抗压强度存在显著的幂函数关系,且在显著性水平α=0.05时其显著相关。     

风积沙混凝土轴心受压力学性能研究

试验设计风积沙和粉煤灰内掺替代等质量的河砂及水泥,制备了10组风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土,进行60d风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土轴心抗压试验,开展风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土轴心受压破坏形貌、微观结构、应力-应变关系、轴心抗压强度、峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比等内容的试验研究。结果表明：弹性阶段各掺量风积沙混凝土应力-应变曲线基本趋于一致,进入弹塑性阶段后,风积沙混凝土较基准混凝土应力增长较快,混凝土脆性增加。轴心抗压强度、弹性模量及泊松比随风积沙掺量增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,随粉煤灰掺量增加在降低。最后,对过镇海经典模型上升段本构参数A进行二次演化,建立了本构参数与轴心抗压强度和风积沙掺量之间的演化模型,得出风积沙混凝土应力-应变上升段本构方程。     

尾矿砂塑性混凝土的力学特性

针对塑性混凝土具有弹性模量低、抗渗性及塑性变形特性良好等特点,利用尾矿砂配置了不同尾矿砂砂率和不同水泥掺量的塑性混凝土,对尾矿砂塑性混凝土试件分别进行了立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度以及弹性模量等试验.利用极差分析探讨了砂率和水泥掺量等对尾矿砂塑性混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度以及弹性模量的影响,得到了立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度以及弹性模量随砂率和水泥掺量的变化规律.试验结果表明,尾矿砂塑性混凝土立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度随砂率的增加而降低,随着水泥掺量的增加,其立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度均逐步增大,弹性模量在砂率为50%处达到最大,随着水泥掺量的增加其弹性模量也逐步增大.     

碱激发下粉煤灰-市政污泥固废基混凝土抗冻融性能

为改善市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,在氢氧化钠及水玻璃的复合激发下,用经生石灰改性后的市政污泥取代10%细骨料,粉煤灰分别取代10%、20%与30%水泥,制备了混凝土。分析了不同冻融循环次数下,混凝土的表观现象、相对质量、相对动弹性模量、相对抗压强度及微观结构随粉煤灰掺量与碱当量的变化规律,分别以相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度为损伤变量建立了不同的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加,混凝土表观损伤愈发严重,内部孔隙增多,相对动弹性模量及相对抗压强度显著降低;与对照组相比,粉煤灰及碱激发剂的加入可以改善市政污泥对混凝土冻融耐久性的劣化效果,降低混凝土在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失;当粉煤灰掺量10%、碱当量4%时,粉煤灰可在碱激发剂及改性污泥中残余碱的联合作用下被较充分地激发,可消纳改性污泥中的残余碱,减弱市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,此时混凝土水化程度最高,在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失最小,且服役寿命最长,约为16a以上;相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度相关性良好,分别以两者为损伤变量的冻融损伤模型与试验结果均吻合良好。     

高掺量粉煤灰混凝土力学性能随龄期发展研究

基于粉煤灰在混凝土工程中广泛应用的现状,结合粉煤灰混凝土力学性能随龄期发展较快的特点,考虑加载龄期和粉煤灰掺量等因素,开展试验研究不同掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量随龄期发展的规律。研究结果表明,随着龄期的发展,粉煤灰混凝土的力学性能呈增长趋势,且随粉煤灰掺量的增加,这种增长趋势愈发明显。在对试验结果分析的基础上,讨论了粉煤灰在混凝土力学性能随龄期发展的机理。对高掺量粉煤灰在混凝土中的工程应用及结构设计等方面提出了建议。     

C30再生粗骨料混凝土的抗冻耐久性试验研究

为了研究再生粗骨料混凝土的抗冻耐久性,以C30再生混凝土为试验材料,对比分析了再生粗骨料掺量为0,25%,50%,75%和100%的再生混凝土在冻融循环试验中质量损失、动态弹性模量、超声波波速和立方抗压强度4项性能的演变规律,以及在单轴压缩试验中的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,混凝土的质量先增加后减小,动弹性模量、立方体抗压强度和超声波波速逐渐减小;粗骨料掺量为50%的再生混凝土和普通混凝土的抗冻耐久性能相当,优于其他掺量再生混凝土抗冻耐久性。     

基于渗透性的混凝土力学和耐久性能指标相关性试验

通过开展掺矿物掺和料混凝土力学和耐久性能指标的试验测试,研究不同龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数与单方水泥用量、单方胶凝材料用量、立方体抗压强度、碳化深度以及动弹性模量间的相关关系.试验结果表明:单方胶凝材料用量与84 d龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数线性相关性良好;混凝土氯离子扩散系数均随立方体抗压强度的提高而降低,84 d立方体抗压强度与不同龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数线性相关性良好;混凝土氯离子扩散系数均随碳化深度的提高而提高,碳化深度与84 d龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数线性相关性良好;不同龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数均随84 d龄期动弹性模量的提高而降低.     

矿物掺合料对自密实混凝土基本性能的影响

为探讨粉煤灰、硅灰掺量对自密实混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响, 对单掺粉煤灰自密实混凝土和复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土进行了工作性能测试、抗压强度和抗折强度试验。结果表明: 粉煤灰和硅灰的掺入可以提高水泥浆体的流动性, 改善自密实混凝土的填充性、间隙通过能力和抗离析性能;3d龄期时,自密实混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度随粉煤灰掺量增大均呈逐渐下降的趋势; 28d龄期时,自密实混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随粉煤灰掺量增大均呈先增后减的趋势; 粉煤灰掺量为30%、硅灰掺量为4%时, 复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土工作性能达到最优, 复掺粉煤灰硅灰自密实混凝土28d 龄期抗压强度和抗折强度达到峰值55.60 和8.08 MPa, 并建立了自密实混凝土抗折强度和抗压强度之间的线性回归关系模型为fcf =8.9507+0. 3078fcu 。     

Grey clustering theory to assess the effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete

Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% ground blast furnace slag were made and exposed to a cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including relative dynamic elastic modulus, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete was assessed based on the grey clustering theory. The experimental results indicate that the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete incorporating ground blast furnace slag belongs to the higher grey grade, which exhibits that it possesses excellent cyclic sulfate resistance. With increasing addition of fly ash, the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete changes from the medium grey grade to the lower grey grade, which shows that incorporation of fly ash is disadvantageous for the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete.     

Evaluating Deterioration of Concrete by Sulfate Attack

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.     

Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete in Seawater

The effect of freeze-thaw cycles in seawater on the performance of concrete was studied in this paper. Concrete samples with different water binder ratio and different component were prepared,and were then put into fresh water and synthesized seawater. After the experiments of freeze-thaw cycles,the mass loss,relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and compressive strength of each sample were tested. The results obtained reveal that with the increase of the water binder ratio,the resistance ability of freeze-thaw impact in seawater of concrete decrease dramatically. When the concrete contain 15% fly ash and 20% slag,its resistance ability to the freeze-thaw impact in seawater is the optimal. Compared to the seawater corrosion,the impact of freeze-thaw cycles to the properties of concrete is severer.     

硫酸盐腐蚀粉煤灰混凝土后强度超声检测评定

为进一步研究混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的机理,以粉煤灰混凝土为研究对象,在高浓度硫酸盐溶液中进行加速腐蚀,并结合受硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土强度变化规律,采用超声平测法对受腐蚀混凝土进行检测．研究结果表明,超声平测声速与损伤度之间有较好的回归关系．在此基础上,建立了腐蚀混凝土强度与声速之间的关系模型．     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

冻融环境下沙漠砂对混凝土轴心受压力学性能的影响

为研究沙漠砂对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,采用快速冻融方法,进行掺沙漠砂混凝土冻融后轴心抗压强度试验,得到不同冻融循环作用下掺沙漠砂混凝土破坏特征和应力-应变曲线,分析不同冻融循环下掺沙漠砂混凝土表面损伤特征、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率和超声波波速损失率的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环次数增加,掺沙漠砂混凝土质量损失率变化较小,动弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率、相对峰值应变和极限应变均增大,相对峰值应力和横向变形系数均减小,弹性模量先增大后减小;在相同冻融循环次数下,掺沙漠砂混凝土弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率和相对峰值应变均小于普通混凝土,相对峰值应力、横向变形系数和弹性模量比普通混凝土高.采用过镇海提出的单轴受压本构模型拟合得到应力-应变全曲线方程,分析冻融循环对应力-应变曲线控制参数的影响,可对沙漠砂混凝土结构的抗冻性能进行分析.