冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢罩式退火机理及织构变化规律的研究

在480~750℃条件下,模拟罩式退火,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和金相显微硬度计研究了冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢晶粒结构的变化,通过取向密度函数分析了再结晶过程织构演变规律。研究表明:冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢的再结晶温度约为630℃,再结晶过程能够在660℃条件下2 h之内完成;冷轧后该钢主要有4种织构,分别是{001}〈110〉、{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉和{112}〈110〉;在退火再结晶过程中,{111}逐渐转变为γ-{111},当退火温度升至720℃时,{001}〈110〉和{112}〈110〉转变为纤维织构γ-{111},最终{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉成为主要织构类型。     

低温板坯加热晶粒取向3.0%Si钢高温退火中的组织演化

采用取向分布函数及金相分析方法研究了以Cu₂S为主要抑制剂的低温板坯加热晶粒取向硅钢(%:0.04C、3.16Si、0.50Cu)在650～1 050℃高温退火中组织的演化过程。结果表明,该取向硅钢的初次再结晶温度为650～700℃,二次再结晶温度为1 000～1 050℃。初次再结晶后的主要织构强度以{111}〈110〉、 {112}〈110〉、 {111}〈112〉顺序减弱。初次再结晶组织的晶粒尺寸和织构强度在700～900℃变化很小,在900～1 000℃晶粒长大速度加快,{111}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉组分增强,而{111}〈112〉组分的强度基本保持不变。     

两次冷轧法轧制的无取向硅钢{001}〈210〉织构的发展

在元取向硅钢中，{001}〈210〉织构具有良好的磁性，而采用两次冷轧法（中间退火温度为640℃）能够坩强这种织构。利用电子背散射图形（EBSP），测量退火过程中亚擞织构的变化来研究两次冷轧法生产的无取向电工钢{001}〈210〉奴构的形成机理。中间退火钢板的再结晶份数为60％，主要由〈111〉／／ND小等轴再结晶晶粒和〈110〉／／RD伸长变形晶粒组成．在最终退火期间，再结晶晶粒〈111〉／／ND方向的长大被抑制。晶粒在{001}晶面〈210〉晶向上的长大使〈111〉／／ND方向的再结晶晶粒被消耗。这是由于再结晶晶粒中第二次冷轧在〈111〉／／ND方向引入的应变所造成的。所以，最终退火钢板的结构主要为{001}〈210〉织构。     

JSP-双机可逆冷轧条件下IF钢织构研究

针对济钢现场工艺条件下生产的Ti-IF钢,利用X’Pert ProxX射线衍射宏观织构分析方法,研究了中薄板坯热连轧轧制及随后的冷轧、退火工艺过程中织构的变化规律。IF钢冷硬板主要织构类型为{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉和{001}〈110〉,其中{111}〈110〉织构强度达到12;再结晶退火后的IF钢退火板,主要织构类型为{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构强度提高到15.37。济钢生产的Ti-IF钢获得了对板材成形最有利的{111}//ND织构。     

退火条件对IF钢再结晶织构和深冲性能的影响

研究了退火条件对IF钢组织、织构和性能的影响。通过ODF分析揭示了再结晶后晶粒长大过程中, {111}取向晶粒靠消耗其它取向(主芰是{100}取向)晶粒而长大,故随晶粒长大有利加强织构组分,γ值明显提高。     

冷轧压下率对IF钢组织织构和性能的影响

以工业生产的热轧板为原料,研究了冷轧压下率对罩式退火后的Ti-IF钢和Ti＋Nb-IF钢组织织构和性能的影响。研究结果表明,经罩式退火后,两种IF钢再结晶基本完成,晶粒呈饼状;随着压下率的增加,晶粒尺寸变小;应变硬化指数n90°值逐渐降低。Ti＋Nb-IF钢塑性应变比r90°值在碳含量较高、压下率为70%,或碳含量较低、压下率为80%时,达到最大值;Ti-IF钢塑性应变比r90°值在压下率70%时,达到最大值。随着冷轧压下率的加大,IF钢的织构也越强,并且织构从较低冷轧压下率时的{223}〈110〉、{114}〈110〉和{111}织构变为较高压下率时的{223}〈110〉、{111}〈110〉和{114}〈110〉织构,织构类型有向{111}织构靠拢的趋势。     

高温渗氮Hi-B钢二次再结晶中组织及织构演变

模拟CSP工艺试制Hi-B钢在二次再结晶过程中不同退火温度下的组织和织构。使用Zeiss Axioplan金相显微镜(OM)观察试样组织,借助于NOVA400Nano SEM型场发射扫描电子显微镜进行微观织构EBSD检测分析。结果表明:Goss晶粒在1 040℃发生异常长大,异常长大之前晶粒细小均匀,有利的{111}〈112〉和{411}〈148〉织构为主要织构,异常长大后部分晶粒发生快速长大,组织则以Goss织构为主。Goss织构及{111}〈112〉和{411}〈148〉织构的取向差分布主要集中在20°~45°之间,高能晶界理论(HE)能够解释Goss晶粒的异常长大。基体的CSL晶界比例较低,且移动性差的∑3晶界比例较高,移动性好的∑5、∑7、∑9晶界比例较低,CSL晶界理论对于Goss晶粒的异常长大则不具有说服力。     

初次再结晶退火对模拟CSP含Cu Hi-B硅钢组织和织构的影响

在实验室用模拟CSP工艺试制Hi-B高磁感取向硅钢薄板（/%:0.07C,3.02Si,0.13Mn,0.020P,0.006S,0.21Cu,0.025Cr,0.016A1,0.004Sn）,该钢经25kg真空感应炉熔炼,铸成41 mm×120 mm板坯-热轧成2mm板-1 120℃常化-冷轧成0.27mm薄板。研究了830~870℃,3~7min退火对再结晶组织和织构的影响。结果表明,0.27mm含Cu Hi-B高磁感取向硅钢板的合适退火工艺为830℃ 5 min,其平均晶粒尺寸为15.6μm,不利织构{111}〈110〉和{001}〈110〉含量较低,有利织构{111}〈112〉分布合理,有利于在二次再结晶退火过程形成良好的高斯组织。     

卷取温度对高强IF钢再结晶及织构的影响

为了研究卷取温度对高强IF钢250P1罩式退火再结晶规律的影响,采用氮气炉加热模拟罩式退火工艺,研究了高温及低温卷取工艺下含磷高强IF钢250P1冷轧板再结晶规律;采用X射线衍射仪对700 ℃模拟退火板及罩式退火成品板进行了织构分析,并对成品板金相组织进行了观察。结果表明,低温卷取冷轧板再结晶温度约为675 ℃,高温卷取冷轧板再结晶温度约为700 ℃;低温卷取退火板具有较高强度的{111}有利织构、较高的{111}/{100}比值以及r值,成品板的饼形晶粒更大。     

430不锈钢冷轧板高温退火过程中再结晶织构的定量分析

在750、800、825和850℃温度下,利用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机对430不锈钢冷轧薄板的等温退火过程进行了详细的实验研究,分析了退火过程中再结晶织构和组织的变化规律,并对关键织构体积分数的演变进行了定量分析.结果发现:随着退火过程的进行,α取向线上的织构强度逐渐减弱,而γ取向线上的织构强度则略有加强,并保持在较高的值;再结晶过程中,{111}和{112}<110>织构的体积分数逐渐降低,而{100}和随机取向晶粒的体积分数逐渐增加.定量分析表明,退火温度越低,完全再结晶后材料内部关键织构的体积分数越偏离冷轧态.最后,针对{111}、{112}<110>、{100}和随机取向织构的体积分数在再结晶过程中的演变规律,建立了JMAK型再结晶织构演变动力学模型.      

初次再结晶退火工艺对3%Si取向硅钢组织和织构的影响

试验研究了0.3 mm取向硅钢冷轧板(/%:0.046C,3.07Si,0.09Mn,0.029P,0.004S,0.005Al)的退火温度(760~880℃7 min)和退火时间(820℃3~9 min)对该钢的晶粒尺寸,再结晶和织构的影响。结果表明,最佳初次再结晶退火工艺为820℃5 min,该钢的平均晶粒尺寸为14.20μm,完全再结晶率为92%,不利{111}<110>结构含量为3.16%,有利织构{111}<112>,{012}<001>和高斯织构含量分别0.40%,4.73%和2.46%。     

薄带连铸取向Fe-6.5％Si钢形变热处理过程组织演化

设计并利用双辊薄带连铸工艺制备出取向Fe- 6. 5%Si钢铸带，研究了热处理工艺对铸态、形变和初次再结晶组织、织构及析出物的影响规律。结果表明，铸带退火可以促进铸态组织中的柱状晶长大，同时增加200nm以下MnS- AlN或MnS- NbN复合析出物的面密度。随着铸带退火温度升高，冷轧组织中变形带宽度以及带内剪切带长度增加，初次再结晶织构中{111}〈112〉组分增强，{110}〈001〉晶粒所占比例增大。铸带退火有助于改善冷轧板高温退火过程中的二次再结晶行为，提升产品磁性能。     

Effect of Heating Rate on Microstructure Evolution and Magnetic Properties of Cold Rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel

The effects of heating rate (ranging from 50 to 300 ℃/s) during the final annealing process on microstructure evolution and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel were investigated. It was found that increasing heating rate increased the nucleation temperature and complete recrystallization temperature. At the same time, heating rate increasing could cause the substantially refined structures for the recrystallization grains and this grain refinement would decline when the heating rate was beyond 50 ℃/s. The recrystallization texture exhibited pronounced improvement with heating rate, such as the intensity decrease of 111ND (normal direction) fiber and the intensity increase of {110}001 Goss texture component. The texture improvement and grain size refinement caused by heating rate increasing resulted in complicated variation of the magnetic properties. The magnetic induction (B50) keeps increasing while heating rate increases from 15 to 300 ℃/s which is due to the recrystallized texture optimization caused by rapid heating. The core losses (P1.5/50) decrease while heating rate increases from 15 to 100 ℃/s; however, the core losses would increase when heating rate is higher than 100 ℃/s, which is caused by the mean grain size refinement after rapid heating annealing. The results indicate that recrystallization texture and the magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel can be improved definitely by rapid heating during the final annealing treatment.     

微碳深冲钢板非{111}织构的形成过程

结合实际生产,采用金相分析、织构测量和透射电镜等方法,研究了微碳深冲钢板中出现的非{111}织构在钢板再结晶时的形成过程,并分析了非{111}织构与冷轧压下率和析出物的关系。研究结果表明：非{111}织构在冷轧变形后即已形成,冷轧压下率较小时,非{111}织构组分相对{111}织构较强;冷轧组织中存在的非{111}取向晶粒在退火过程中会优先成核和优先生长;非{111}织构的形成对AlN的析出不敏感。     

Aspects of orientation-dependent grain growth in extra-low carbon and interstitial-free steels during continuous annealing

The present work concentrates on the application of orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) based on the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique to the investigation of the microstructural evolution of an extra-low carbon (ELC) steel and a Ti-Nb-bearing interstitial-free (IF) steel, during continuous annealing. Aspects like the nucleation, the evolution of the recrystallized volume fraction and grain size of grains with different orientations, the interface area limiting recrystallized {111} regions, and the apparent growth rates have been considered. Different criteria have been applied in order to identify crystallites produced during annealing. During the first stages of annealing, a network of grain boundaries with misorientations higher than 10 deg is produced, mainly inside the deformed γ-fiber grains. The crystallites formed within this network, free from cells or subgrains at their interiors, can be considered as potential nuclei. However, among all, only some of them become effective due to an important selection. The {111} recrystallized grains have a significant size and number advantage as compared with other texture components, and a hard impingement between clusters of {111} grains is produced during grain growth. The effect of grain growth behind the recrystallization front seems to be negligible as compared with the grain coarsening produced by the migration of this front, driven by the cold-work stored energy.     

Formation of Nuclei With {111}<110> and {111}<112> Orientations of IF Steel at Early Stage of Recrystallization Using EBSD Analysis

The excellent deep drawability of interstitial free steel (IF steel) is closely related to its texture formed during recrystallization. The nucleation process of cold rolled IF steel at the early stage of recrystallization was investigated by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The characteristics of the microstructure after deformation and the orientation of nucleation were observed. The results show that the deformed microstructure with 80% reduction could be subdivided into two groups. These two types of microstructure were characterized by their orientation and internal local misorientations. The nuclei with γ-orientation preferred to form in deformed bands with γ-orientation and at the boundaries between deformed grains with different orientations. The recrystallized grains with {111}<110> orientation appeared firstly in deformed matrix with {111}<112> orientation and consumed the matrix with {111}<112> to grow up, while the recrystallized grains with {111}<112> orientation were observed secondly in deformed matrix with {111}<110> orientation and consumed matrix with {111}<110> to grow up.     

退火温度对超薄取向硅钢织构及磁性能的影响

 为了研究中/高频用超薄取向硅钢制备工艺中退火温度对组织、织构及磁性能的影响,以商用0.27 mm规格无底层取向硅钢成品板为原料采用初次再结晶法制备了0.08 mm厚的超薄取向硅钢。系统研究了800~1 000 ℃温度范围内退火对超薄取向硅钢退火组织、织构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,过渡带中的η取向({0kl}<100>)与相邻形变基体呈大角度取向差晶界,再结晶开始时,η取向组分优先在过渡带边界“弓出”形核;随着退火温度升高,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸增大,{114}<481>等非η取向晶粒尺寸优势愈发明显,η组分体积占比降低,晶粒尺寸均匀性变差;稍低温退火时超薄取向硅钢综合磁性能较好,退火温度为800 ℃时,磁感应强度B₈₀₀=1.82 T,铁损P_1.5/400=11.66 W/kg,获得本试验条件下最佳综合中频磁性能。