共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
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生物质能作为一种可再生能源,越来越受到广泛关注。生物质能对未来世界能源的可持续发展具有重要意义。生物质能具有多种转化途径,其中生物质气化技术能有效将其转化为高效燃气,而生物质焦油是限制生物质气化技术发展的关键所在,本文针对生物质气化过程中的核心技术焦油去除的方法做了全面总结。重点介绍了催化裂解过程中应用的4种催化剂,并对4种催化剂的组成、催化机理以及催化剂的改性优化方式以及不同裂解条件对催化效果的影响进行了分类讨论。最后展望了生物质气化技术的发展前景,提出了未来催化裂解的研究重点。 相似文献
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生物质催化气化实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在常压流化床上进行了生物质在水蒸气条件下的实验研究。实验装置主体由常压流化床反应器和固定床催化裂解反应器组合而成。生物质原料为木屑,焦油裂解催化剂分别选用煅烧白云石和镍基重整催化剂。实验结果表明,H2/CO(H/C)的摩尔比随着气化温度、水蒸气质量/生物质质量(S/B)的升高迅速增加,但催化裂解温度变化对H/C的影响较小。另外,在催化裂解反应器中使用催化剂种类不同,H/C也不同。本文采用两段催化裂解,一段催化剂采用煅烧白云石,二段采用镍基催化剂,焦油裂解率达到96.70%。采用两段催化裂解,不但可以提高焦油的裂解率,增加了H2和CO收率,净化生物质裂解气,而且可以防止镍基重整催化剂失活,延长其使用寿命。 相似文献
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热化学转化是生物质高值化利用技术中最具前景的技术之一,在此过程中引入催化剂可进一步提高反应速率及目标产物产率。生物炭由于具有较发达的孔隙结构和丰富的含氧官能团,近年来开始被应用于生物质热化学转化。本文简述了生物炭催化相关特性,介绍了生物炭作为催化剂催化生物质热化学转化为高品质生物油、气体燃料及催化焦油脱除的相关研究,总结了生物炭原位催化和非原位催化时的转化机理,讨论了生物炭活性位点作用与失活情况,描述了生物炭作为载体时与负载金属粒子间的相互关系,指出应进一步深化对生物炭催化生物质热化学转化利用机理的系统研究,通过调控生物炭物化结构和活性位点,以实现生物质热化学转化过程中较高的目标产物选择性、稳定性和经济性。 相似文献
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使用固定床管式热解炉进行了果树枝(GSZ)、玉米秸秆(YUJG)两种生物质的催化热解实验,考察了热解温度、加热速率、停留时间、催化剂对生物质热解产物分布的影响,并通过XRD和FT-IR对催化剂以及热解生物质焦进行分析表征.结果表明:未引入催化剂时,反应温度对生物质热解焦油收率影响最大,催化剂的加入,提高了热解产物各组分收率,且随着催化剂种类、添加比例和添加方式不同,YUJG热解产物收率有所变化,其中5Fe-Mo/ZSM-5催化剂加入使得生物质转化率提高了4.8%,焦油收率提高了1.75%,当催化剂与生物质比例为1:1且填料方式为TL-2时,焦油收率达到了最佳值,为30.2%. 相似文献
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助剂钾对镍基催化剂性能影响研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
镍基催化剂是生物质气化及焦油转化过程中活性最高的催化剂之一,但容易因积炭失活影响寿命,降低制氢过程的经济性。添加助剂不仅可以有效提高催化剂的抗积炭能力,还可以提高催化剂的稳定性。本文综述了助剂钾对镍基催化剂抗积炭能力及反应活性的影响,分析了助剂钾影响积炭生成和积炭气化的机理。助剂钾能够提高镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力,抑制催化剂的烧结,提高催化剂的稳定性。未来的研究方向是进一步考察助剂钾的种类、添加方式对镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力及焦油转化活性的影响与本质原因,以制备出具有高活性、高抗积炭能力、长寿命的生物质气化镍基催化剂。 相似文献
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In this paper the potential of using biomass char as a catalyst for tar reduction is discussed. Biomass char is compared with other known catalysts used for tar conversion. Model tar compounds, phenol and naphthalene, were used to test char and other catalysts. Tests were carried out in a fixed bed tubular reactor at a temperature range of 700–900 °C under atmospheric pressure and a gas residence time in the empty catalyst bed of 0.3 s. Biomass chars are compared with calcined dolomite, olivine, used fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, biomass ash and commercial nickel catalyst. The conversion of naphthalene and phenol over these catalysts was carried out in the atmosphere of CO2 and steam. At 900 °C, the conversion of phenol was dominated by thermal cracking whereas naphthalene conversion was dominated by catalytic conversion. Biomass chars gave the highest naphthalene conversion among the low cost catalysts used for tar removal. Further, biomass char is produced continuously during the gasification process, while the other catalysts undergo deactivation. A simple first order kinetic model is used to describe the naphthalene conversion with biomass char. 相似文献
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在小型两段式固定床反应器中,对生物质热解气在高温煤焦层中的裂解反应特性进行了研究,重点考察了两段式热解中裂解温度、停留时间及煤焦特性对焦油裂解率、气体产率及成分的影响.结果表明,增加气体停留时间及裂解温度,都有利于促进生物质气中焦油裂解和气体产率提高.裂解温度对气体产率、组分及焦油裂解率影响更明显,高温促进H2和CO的生成,1000℃时H2和CO的含量达到94.51%.当生物质热解气在煤焦中停留时间达到1.41s后,气体中各组分变化趋于缓慢;不同热解条件所制得的煤焦对生物质气中焦油裂解效果不同,较低制焦温度和较短热解时间都有利于增加煤焦的反应活性,促进焦油分解为可燃气体. 相似文献
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Hydrogen Production from Co‐Gasification of Coal and Biomass in the Presence of CaO as a Sorbent
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Among the options for clean energy production, the gasification process is receiving increasing attention as it offers the best combination of investment and value of produced electricity compared to other methods. An Aspen Plus model of co‐gasification of biomass and coal with in situ CO2 capture was developed to evaluate its potential for hydrogen production and cracking of organic impurities, i.e., tars. The effects of some critical operational variables on gas composition and yields of hydrogen gas and tar were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the fuel particle size plays a minor role in the process; smaller particles favor the conversion of tar and production of more hydrogen gas. 相似文献
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在现有生物质气化反应器及焦油处理方法的基础上,开发出一种整体式新型生物质气化催化反应器,并对该反应器进行相关的实验研究。实验研究结果表明:当木粉进料速率为6.48 g/min,空燃比RE为0.23,气化温度在500—670℃,这种整体式新型生物质气化催化反应器内有、无催化剂时对木粉气化产生的燃气中焦油的含量以及气体组分有明显影响;当采用钴与氧化钴的质量分数为20%,氧化钙的质量分数为80%的钴基催化剂作为焦油裂解催化剂,裂解温度为800℃,标态下体积空时为1.8 s的情况下,燃气中夹带的焦油可完全被催化裂解,同时燃气中的气体成分氢体积分数可从无催化剂时的15%提高到有催化剂时的35%,净提高20%。同时也对使用前后的钴基催化剂进行了XRD表征分析,发现氧化钙在生物质气化过程中具有一定的CO2捕集能力。 相似文献
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The possibility of decreasing the content of tar in the fuel gas obtained by biomass pyrolysis has been studied. Catalytic cracking of the tar in presence of dolomite was used. Dolomite showed a high catalytic activity. The overall effect of the dolomite is to increase the gas yield by decreasing the tar yield. The dolomite and the steam used seem to affect the amount of naphthalene produced. By adjusting both the amounts of catalyst and steam, we were able to decrease significantly naphthalene (13 mg/kg dry substance biomass) and amount of tar (164 mg/kg dry substance biomass). 相似文献
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高炉渣是钢铁生产过程的主要副产品,是一种多元金属熔体,具有大量显热并能促进焦油及甲烷等低分子碳氢化合物的催化转化。鉴于此本文提出通过干法离心粒化技术将液态炉渣制备成液-固过渡态的高温炉渣颗粒,作为生物质气化热载体,利用炉渣中多种金属矿物对大分子的解构、断键和分解的催化作用,提高气化反应的选择性,实现对炉渣显热的回收和转换,将低品位的液态炉渣余热转换成高品位的氢能。通过气化实验,对影响气化产物分布及气体组成的主要因素进行考察,结果表明:高炉渣在促进焦油分解和碳氢化合物重整方面表现出良好的催化性能,增加热载体炉渣颗粒温度,减小颗粒粒径能够减小炉渣表面积炭,降低气化产物中焦油产率和提升富氢气体品质,在最佳工况下(选用粒径小于2 mm,温度为1200℃的高炉渣颗粒作为热载体),气化产物中焦油含量仅为2.52%,气体产率达到1.65 m3·kg-1,富氢气体中H2含量可达53.22%。 相似文献
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Mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous secondary reactions of tar from continuous pyrolysis of wood chips 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The change of mass and composition of biomass tar due to homogeneous secondary reactions was experimentally studied by means of a lab reactor system that allows the spatially separated production and conversion of biomass tar. A tarry pyrolysis gas was continuously produced by pyrolysis of wood chips (fir and spruce, 10-40 mm diameter) under fixed-bed biomass gasification conditions. Homogeneous secondary tar reactions without the external supply of oxidising agents were studied in a tubular flow reactor operated at temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C and with space times below 0.2 s. Extensive chemical analysis of wet chemical tar samples provided quantitative data about the mass and composition of biomass tar during homogeneous conversion. These data were used to study the kinetics of the conversion of gravimetric tar and the formation of PAH compounds, like naphthalene.It is shown that, under the reaction conditions chosen for the experiments, homogeneous secondary tar reactions become important at temperatures higher than 650 °C, which is indicated by the increasing concentrations of the gases CO, CH4, and H2 in the pyrolysis gas. The gravimetric tar yield decreases with increasing reactor temperatures during homogeneous tar conversion. The highest conversion reached in the experiments was 88% at a reference temperature of 990 °C and isothermal space time of 0.12 s. Hydrogen is a good indicator for reactions that convert the primary tar into aromatics, especially PAH. Soot appears to be a major product from homogeneous secondary tar reactions. 相似文献
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基于Richter等提出的碳氢化合物燃烧的详细反应机理,结合生物质气化焦油的部分氧化脱除方法,建立了生物质部分氧化的详细反应机理。与Jess的实验比较,验证了模型的准确性。 计算了以苯酚为焦油模型化合物在过量空气系数ER=0~0.2条件下的转化,表明氧气的加入提高了焦油的转化率和反应速率。适量的氧气能提高部分氧化的可燃气体的产率。基于ROP分析得到典型PAHs的生成率,结果表明环戊二烯基对于PAHs的形成和成长有重要的促进作用,活性OH和H自由基在焦油裂解为小分子过程中起主要作用。 相似文献