Fully distributed event-triggered asymptotic attitude coordination of multiple spacecraft systems with disturbances

This article studies the leader-following attitude coordination problem of a group of rigid spacecraft subject to communication constraint, disturbances and uncertain control coefficient matrices. A fully distributed adaptive anti-disturbance attitude coordinated control scheme with event-triggering mechanism is developed. First, the event-triggered adaptive distributed observer is designed for each follower to estimate the leader's information without continuous communication requirement. Based on the estimated information, the adaptive anti-disturbance attitude tracking controller is designed such that asymptotic coordinated tracking can be achieved under additive disturbances and actuators' partial loss of efficiency. The proposed control scheme ensures that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and the positive lower bound of inter-event times exists in each subsystem. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed control scheme.     

Event-triggered consensus control for uncertain multi-agent systems with external disturbance

This paper investigates the event-triggered consensus control for a general linear multi-agent system with model uncertainties and external disturbances. A consensus protocol is proposed using the local state information at asynchronous event-triggering time instants, where each agent determines when to perform sampling and control updating using the designed event-triggered condition. Then the robust consensus condition and the feedback matrix design method are derived to make the uncertain multi-agent system reach consensus with a desired disturbance attenuation ability. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the Zeno behaviour will never occur by giving the lower bound of inter-event time intervals. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the obtained theoretical results, with the comparison simulation conducted by using the periodic triggering strategy.     

Adaptive periodic event-triggered consensus for multi-agent systems subject to input saturation

This paper investigates the distributed adaptive event-triggered consensus control for a class of nonlinear agents. Each agent is subject to input saturation. Two kinds of distributed event-triggered control scheme are introduced, one is continuous-time-based event-triggered scheme and the other is sampled-data-based event-triggered scheme. Compared with the traditional event-triggered schemes in the existing literatures, the parameters of the event-triggered schemes in this paper are adaptively adjusted by using some event-error-dependent adaptive laws. The problem of simultaneously deriving the controller gain matrix and the event-triggering parameter matrix, and tackling the saturation nonlinearity is cast into standard linear matrix inequalities problem. A convincing simulation example is given to demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Fault Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems With Event-Triggered Input

The event-triggered fault accommodation problem for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems is considered in this paper.The control signal transmission from the controller to the system is determined by an event-triggering scheme with relative and constant triggering thresholds.Considering the event-induced control input error and system fault threat,a novel eventtriggered active fault accommodation scheme is designed,which consists of an event-triggered nominal controller for the time period before detecting the occurrence of faults and an adaptive approximation based event-triggered fault accommodation scheme for handling the unknown faults after detecting the occurrence of faults.The closed-loop stability and inter-event time of the proposed fault accommodation scheme are rigorously analyzed.Special cases for the fault accommodation design under constant triggering threshold are also derived.An example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault accommodation scheme.     

事件触发下多智能体系统一致性的干扰主动控制

本文针对带有外部干扰影响的多智能体系统,研究了基于事件触发机制下的多智能体系统Leader-Following一致性的控制问题.采用干扰观测器来估计系统中存在的干扰,并设计了基于事件触发机制的干扰主动控制方案.运用现代控制理论和矩阵论等工具分析了多智能体协同运动算法得到了多智能体系统在分布式事件触发机制下的一致性收敛条件,并且分析了本文设计的分布式事件触发机制的时间间隔存在正的下界.最后通过计算机仿真,验证了本文所提控制算法的有效性.     

事件触发双模分布式预测控制

本文针对有界扰动作用下的线性离散大系统,提出了事件触发双模分布式预测控制设计方法.利用输入状态稳定性(input-to-state stability,ISS)理论建立了仅与子系统自身信息相关的事件触发条件.只有子系统满足相应的事件触发条件,才进行状态信息的传输和分布式预测控制优化问题的求解,并与邻域子系统交互最优解作用下的关联信息.当子系统进入不变集时,采用状态反馈控制律进行镇定,并与进入不变集的邻域子系统不再交互信息.分析了算法的递推可行性和系统的闭环稳定性,给出了扰动的上界.最后,通过车辆控制系统对算法进行仿真验证,结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效降低优化问题的求解次数和关联信息的交互次数,节约计算资源和通信资源.     

Decentralised consensus for multiple Lagrangian systems based on event-triggered strategy

This paper considers the decentralised event-triggered consensus problem for multi-agent systems with Lagrangian dynamics under undirected graphs. First, a distributed, leaderless, and event-triggered consensus control algorithm is presented based on the definition of generalised positions and velocities for all agents. There is only one triggering function for both the generalised positions and velocities and no Zeno behaviour exhibited under the proposed consensus strategy. Second, an adaptive event-triggered consensus control algorithm is proposed for such multi-agent systems with unknown constant parameters. Third, based on sliding-mode method, an event-triggered consensus control algorithm is considered for the case with external disturbance. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Generalised exponential consensus of the fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems via event-triggered control

In this paper, the leader-following consensus problem of the fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems via event-triggered control is considered. An effective event-triggered controller is designed and then generalised exponential consensus of the controlled multi-agent systems is studied in the sense of Mittag-Leffler stability of fractional-order systems. The event-triggering function design is dependent on the parameter of the system structure and the minimum inter-event interval can be flexibly adjusted with different fractional-order α. With the event-triggered control scheme, the consensus condition is obtained and the convergence rate of the system is estimated. Numerical simulation indicates the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Adaptive event-triggered consensus of singular multi-agent systems based on asynchronous data sampling

This paper is devoted to the problem of event-triggered consensus for a class of singular multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics. Firstly, in consideration of the impossibility to reach all agents in some case, an observer is designed to access these agents' states. Secondly, a novel adaptive event-triggered scheme is proposed based on asynchronous data sampling. In this scheme, the trigger parameter can be adjusted dynamically in order to reduce information transmissions among agents. Thirdly, by employing Lyapunov stability theory, a sufficient condition on the consensus of singular multi-agent systems is obtained. Then, the control protocol and event-triggering scheme are designed by solving a linear matrix inequality condition. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed results.     

Distributed event-triggered consensus for multi-agent systems with quantisation

This paper studies the consensus problem for multi-agent systems with quantised information communication via event-triggered control. First, the asynchronous event-triggered control for multi-agent systems is considered based on distributed uniform-quantised protocols. It is shown that practical consensus among agents is guaranteed and occurrence of Zeno behaviour is prevented under the designed event-triggering mechanisms. Second, under the proposed protocols using logarithmic quantised information, both synchronous and asynchronous event-triggered control algorithms are given to solve the practical consensus problem. Meanwhile, Zeno behaviour of the closed-loop systems can be excluded under the proposed event-triggered algorithms. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived results.     

不确定非线性系统自适应动态事件触发输出反馈镇定

本文研究了一类不确定非线性系统的动态事件触发输出反馈镇定问题. 显著不同的是系统具有依赖于不可测状态的增长且增长率为输出的未知多项式. 尽管已有一些连续自适应控制器, 但需要巧妙融合非线性状态观测器、系统未知性的动态补偿以及非线性的抵御, 因此这些控制器具有一定的脆弱性, 不能平凡地拓展到不连续情形 (采样误差导致). 为此, 首先通过引入动态高增益和基于高增益的观测器来分别抵御未知增长率和重构系统不可测状态. 进而, 意识到静态事件触发机制的无效性, 通过引入动态事件触发机制, 成功设计出了事件触发输出反馈控制器, 确保了系统状态的全局有界性和收敛性. 数值仿真验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

Event-triggered Sliding Mode Fault-tolerant Consensus for a Class of Leader-follower Multi-agent Systems

This paper concerns with the robust sliding mode fault-tolerant consensus problem for a class of undertain second-order leader-follower multi-agent systems based on event-triggering strategies. First, a sliding mode fault-tolerant controller which uses the bound information of actuator failure rate and the event-triggering threshold is designed to ensure the robust consensus of the multi-agent systems, and the range of the sliding mode band is also shown. Second, by constructing an equivalent relationship, the upper bound of robust consensus error is also given. Third, the minimum event-triggered execution time for the second-order leader-follower multi-agent systems is calculated. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered sliding mode fault-tolerant consensus algorithm.

     

Novel distributed robust adaptive consensus protocols for linear multi-agent systems with directed graphs and external disturbances

This paper addresses the distributed consensus protocol design problem for linear multi-agent systems with directed graphs and external unmatched disturbances. Novel distributed adaptive consensus protocols are proposed to achieve leader–follower consensus for any directed graph containing a directed spanning tree with the leader as the root node and leaderless consensus for strongly connected directed graphs. It is pointed out that the adaptive protocols involve undesirable parameter drift phenomenon when bounded external disturbances exist. By using the σ modification technique, distributed robust adaptive consensus protocols are designed to guarantee the ultimate boundedness of both the consensus error and the adaptive coupling weights in the presence of external disturbances. All the adaptive protocols in this paper are fully distributed, relying on only the agent dynamics and the relative states of neighbouring agents.     

Periodic event-triggering in distributed receding horizon control of nonlinear systems

How to efficiently use limited system resources in distributed receding horizon control (DRHC) is an important issue. This paper studies the DRHC problem for a class of dynamically decoupled nonlinear systems under the framework of event-triggering, to efficiently make use of the computation and communication resources. To that end, a distributed periodic event-triggered strategy is designed and a detailed DRHC algorithm is presented. The conditions for ensuring feasibility of the designed algorithm and stability of the closed-loop system are developed, respectively. We show that the closed-loop system is input-to-state stable if the energy bound of the disturbances, the triggering condition and the cooperation matrices fulfill the proposed conditions.     

Distributed Periodic Event-Triggered Optimal Control of DC Microgrids Based on Virtual Incremental Cost

This article presents a distributed periodic eventtriggered(PET)optimal control scheme to achieve generation cost minimization and average bus voltage regulation in DC microgrids.In order to accommodate the generation constraints of the distributed generators(DGs),a virtual incremental cost is firstly designed,based on which an optimality condition is derived to facilitate the control design.To meet the discrete-time(DT)nature of modern control systems,the optimal controller is directly developed in the DT domain.Afterward,to reduce the communication requirement among the controllers,a distributed event-triggered mechanism is introduced for the DT optimal controller.The event-triggered condition is detected periodically and therefore naturally avoids the Zeno phenomenon.The closed-loop system stability is proved by the Lyapunov synthesis for switched systems.The generation cost minimization and average bus voltage regulation are obtained at the equilibrium point.Finally,switch-level microgrid simulations validate the performance of the proposed optimal controller.     

Adaptive Event-triggered Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems with Unknown Control Directions

This paper focuses on the adaptive event-triggered consensus control problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear control directions and external disturbances. The heterogeneous nonlinear dynamics and non-identical unknown control directions are discussed for different agents. The application of the event-triggered mechanism can effectively decrease the update frequency of the controller, and unknown nonlinear dynamics are solved by using fuzzy logic systems. Under the action of the designed distributed controller, all signals of this stochastic multi-agent systems can reach semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in mean square. Furthermore, Zeno behavior can be ruled out by the existence of positive inter-event intervals. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.

     

Robust tracking control for uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems via dynamic event-triggered and self-triggered ADP

This article investigates the robust tracking control problem for a class of Euler–Lagrange systems in presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Through system transformation and theoretical analysis, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm with two adaptive neural networks (NNs) and a suitable triggering mechanism is proposed to attain the robust stability of the closed-loop system. A single critic NN is leveraged to implement the approximate optimal controller design. Particularly, an NN-based feedforward compensation is developed to cope with the uncertainties with unknown bounds. Two different triggering mechanisms are respectively constructed to reduce the budget of sampling, communication and computation, namely the dynamic event-triggering mechanism (DETM) and the self-triggering mechanism (STM). The DETM is utilized to decide the update of remote controller and critic NN weight, which can yield a larger inter-event interval than the static event-triggering mechanism. Also, the Zeno-free behavior is guaranteed. Moreover, it is a novel attempt to introduce the STM into ADP design, which relaxes the demand of dedicated hardware online monitoring the event-triggering condition. Then it is demonstrated that all signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) via Lyapunov-based stability analysis. Finally, a simulation example of 2-link robotic system is implemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Event-triggered fuzzy adaptive control of incommensurate fractional order nonlinear systems

This paper focuses on the event-triggered control of nonstrict-feedback incommensurate fractional order systems with external disturbances. To release more communication resources and reduce the triggered time instant, we adopt the relative-threshold-based event-triggered strategy and prove that the Zeno behavior does not exist. We utilize the fuzzy systems to approximate the nonlinear systems and design an adaptive update law to estimate the approximation errors and external disturbances. To conquer the dimension explosion phenomenon in the backstepping process, we design a fractional order filter and apply the dynamic surface control technique. The closed-loop system is semiglobally stable and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of equilibrium point under the proposed control approach. Finally, the validity of the developed controller is verified by the simulation examples.     

Distributed adaptive fault-tolerant control against actuator faults and lossy interconnection links

This paper presents an adaptive method to solve the robust fault-tolerant control （FTC） problem for a class of large scale systems against actuator failures and lossy interconnection links. In terms of the special distributed architectures, the adaptation laws are proposed to estimate the unknown eventual faults of actuators and interconnections, constant external disturbances, and controller parameters on-line. Then a class of distributed state feedback controllers are constructed for automatically compensating the fault and disturbance effects on systems based on the information from adaptive schemes. On the basis of Lyapunov stability theory, it shows that the resulting adaptive closed-loop large-scale system can be guaranteed to be asymptotically stable in the presence of uncertain faults of actuators and interconnections, and constant disturbances. The proposed design technique is finally evaluated in the light of a simulation example.     

基于模型的变门限状态反馈事件触发控制

针对基于模型的事件触发状态反馈控制系统, 提出一种触发门限可变的触发机制. 该触发机制能够在被控对象面临变化较大且快的干扰时, 自动调整触发门限变大, 避免频繁的事件触发导致网络通信资源浪费; 能够在被控对象面临变化较小的干扰时, 通过定时触发, 避免长时间没有事件发生导致的通信网闲置, 同时自动调整触发门限变小, 提升控制性能. 仿真结果表明, 较固定门限触发机制, 所提出的触发机制能利用更少的通信资源实现整体控制性能的提升.提升.