Au微球阵列跨尺度葡萄糖传感器的制备

以硅基底和光纤纤芯阵列为定位夹具,手工排列熔凝法得到的Au微球,获得3×3 Au微球阵列;在Au微球表面先用水浴法合成ZnO纳米线、后固定葡萄糖氧化酶,得到球形跨尺度阵列葡萄糖酶电极。对球形跨尺度结构的表面形貌、葡萄糖氧化酶的固定效果、酶电极的电化学性能进行了定量表征。球形跨尺度结构阵列葡萄糖传感器的线性范围为0~2.5mmol/L、灵敏度为17.24μA·(mmol/L)~(-1)·cm~(-2)、最低检出限为3.44μmol/L、Michaelis-Menten常数为1.85 mmol/L。     

碳纳米管和镍共修饰BDD电极及其在非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器中的应用

目的 制备碳纳米管-镍/掺硼金刚石复合电极（CNTs-Ni/BDD）,并用于非酶葡萄糖电化学检测。方法 采用热丝化学气相沉积（HFCVD）在硅基体上沉积BDD,然后采用物理气相沉积（PVD）技术在BDD上沉积Ni薄膜,最后在管式炉中对Ni/BDD样品进行900 ℃热催化处理,调控热处理时间分别为30、90 min,得到不同微观结构的CNTs-Ni/BDD复合电极。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Raman光谱和电化学工作站分别表征电极的表面形貌、成分和电化学性能。结果 在Ni的高温催化作用下,BDD作为基体和唯一碳源,在其表面直接生长出CNTs,实现Ni纳米颗粒和CNTs共修饰BDD。热处理时间由30 min增加到90 min,CNTs长度明显增加,对BDD的覆盖程度增加,且顶端的Ni颗粒消失。CNTs和Ni的共修饰作用极大地提升了葡萄糖的电化学检测性能,且30 min-CNTs-Ni/BDD复合电极性能更优异,其灵敏度在葡萄糖浓度0.005~0.02 mmol/L、0.02~1 mmol/L、1.0~5.5 mmol/L线性范围内分别为475、42、19 μA/((mmol/L)?cm2),检测限为0.42 μmol/L（S/N=3）。结论 热催化处理可以简单高效地实现CNTs、Ni共修饰BDD,该复合电极能够有效地提升葡萄糖电化学检测性能。     

镀镍过程中电化学噪声能量（英文）

采用电化学噪声、扫描电子显微镜和掠射角X射线衍射等技术，研究电沉积电流密度(J_k)和镀液温度对Ni沉积层结构和电化学噪声能量(E^D)的影响规律，并详细探讨沉积层结构与E^D之间的关系。结果表明：E^D主要反映电极表面状态的剧烈变化程度或局部阴极的反应速率，而不是反映整体阴极的反应速率；与J_k密切相关的Ni镀层初始成核/生长机制对E^D产生显著影响。晶粒在异质基底上的成核(新相的形成)/生长过程对E^D的影响远远大于薄膜晶粒的后续同质生长过程对E^D的影响，能够加速电极表面状态剧烈变化的因素都能导致E^D值的增加。     

不同气体流量比对Cu/a-C∶H复合薄膜结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用磁控溅射技术结合等离子体气相沉积技术,通过调节CH₄与Ar的气体流量比例,获得了不同Cu含量的Cu/a-C∶H复合薄膜。采用XPS、Raman等表征方法分析了不同气体流量比对Cu在复合薄膜中的存在形式及薄膜结构的影响,利用纳米压痕仪测量了复合薄膜的硬度与弹性模量,采用往复式摩擦磨损试验机、白光干涉仪、FESEM等分析了复合薄膜在空气中的摩擦学性能及相关机理。结果表明:随着CH₄在混合气体中所占比例增加,复合薄膜中sp²C含量升高,Cu含量降低,Cu晶粒的尺寸变小,复合薄膜的硬度逐渐升高,韧性降低。CH₄气体流量比为60%、Cu含量为 6.68at%的复合薄膜具有较高的硬度、良好的韧性以及在空气中最低的摩擦因数(0.091)与磨损率(1.77×10^-6 mm³·N^-1·m^-1),这与复合薄膜中sp²C含量及Cu纳米粒子的尺寸和含量有关。     

氧化铈-镍钨复合电极的制备及其析氢催化性能

以(200)择优取向的Ni-5W合金薄带为基体,采用脱合金法制备纳米多孔NiW后,再化学溶液沉积CeO₂制备CeO₂(200)晶面暴露的NiW-nano-CeO₂复合电极。采用AFM、XRD和XPS对电极形貌和表面结构进行表征。通过阴极极化曲线和电化学阻抗技术表征各电极的电解析氢行为。结果表明,(200)晶面暴露的纳米多孔NiW-CeO₂电极比Ni(111)晶面暴露的Ni-CeO₂电极和无择优取向的NiS-CeO₂和NiZn-CeO₂电极的析氢性能好,该复合电极具有比文献中所报道的共沉积的Ni-CeO₂更高的交换电流密度1.7×10^-1 A·cm^-2。在1.0 mol/L NaOH溶液中达到电流密度100 mA·cm^-2时,过电位比NiW-CeO₂电极和NiW电极分别降低55和81 mV。选择性暴露(200)晶面的CeO     

共溅射制备a-Si-Ag薄膜及其电化学储氢性能

氢化非晶硅(a-Si:H)薄膜因其具有很高的电化学储氢容量而在质子型电池中极具研究和应用价值，但其电化学循环稳定性较差的问题已然成为其商业化应用的最大阻碍。为了改善a-Si薄膜的导电性和力学性能以提高a-Si薄膜电极的电化学容量和循环寿命，通过磁控共溅射技术制备了具有不同Ag含量的复相Si-Ag薄膜，研究了高导电性金属Ag对a-Si薄膜电极在质子型离子液体中电化学储氢性能的影响。结果表明，在磁控溅射制备的Si-Ag薄膜中，Ag以单质纳米晶颗粒的形式弥散分布在非晶态a-Si基体中；复相Si-Ag薄膜的导电性能和电化学储氢性能均优于a-Si薄膜电极，其中Ag原子分数为20%时的Si-Ag薄膜电极具有高达887.7 mAh·g^-1的电化学容量，经100次充放电循环后其容量保持率S₁₀₀为64.23%。Ag纳米颗粒的引入可以有效缓解Si-Ag薄膜充放电过程中的体积效应，改善了薄膜电极的循环性能。     

热氧化制备TiO2纳米薄膜电极及其光电化学性质研究

利用管式炉热氧化金属钛片法方便的制备了金红石型TiO2纳米薄膜，并用纳米Au粒子对薄膜电极进行修饰。结果表明，在650℃热氧化30min形成的TiO2薄膜具有最好的光电化学性质，在此条件下形成的薄膜厚度约为2μm，薄膜表面被尺寸大小不等的纳米TiO2棒所覆盖，长为100～600nm，直径为90～100nm。TEM观测结果表明，纳米Au粒子的尺寸为30～50nm，当薄膜电极表面吸附0．37μg/cm^2的纳米Au粒子时光电流可提高约1．4倍。     

不同工艺下镁合金MAO/GO/SA复合涂层的耐蚀性

为提高AZ91D镁合金基体的耐蚀性，采用微弧氧化、电沉积和自组装工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了微弧氧化/氧化石墨烯/硬脂酸(MAO/GO/SA)复合涂层。通过SEM对复合涂层的微观组织结构进行了分析，利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线测试了复合涂层的耐蚀性能。结果表明，最佳电沉积电压为4 V,此时，MAO/GO复合涂层的电荷转移电阻(R_ct)为4.41×10⁵Ω·cm²,腐蚀电流密度(J_corr)为3.88×10^-7 A/cm²。醇水比为7∶3时，MAO/GO/SA复合涂层的R_ct值为3.07×10⁶Ω·cm²,J_corr为3.02×10^-8 A/cm²,达到超疏水状态，涂层耐蚀性最好。     

液膜厚度对固态超滑表面在薄液膜下腐蚀行为的影响

利用电沉积法在低碳钢表面上构建了多孔微纳结构并灌注润滑剂制备出一种稳定的固态超滑表面(SSS)。采用电化学测试，扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段研究不同液膜厚度(500,250,100和50μm)下SSS腐蚀防护行为及腐蚀后的微观结构变化规律。结果表明：在薄液膜腐蚀初期，随着薄液膜厚度的降低，SSS的腐蚀行为呈现较小差异，在100μm厚度时SSS具有最大的阻抗，浸泡1 d后极限扩散电流密度为4.899×10^-6 A·cm^-2 (在-1.4 V电位下)，拟合后的阻抗值达到1.54×10⁵Ω·cm²；即使浸泡7 d后仍具有6.98×10⁴Ω·cm²的阻抗值，并难以检测到腐蚀产物的生成，表现出优异的稳定性和耐蚀性。     

多孔Ni/CNT/Ni3S2复合薄膜体系的设计及其光热海水淡化性能

目的 针对目前水资源短缺的问题,设计Ni/CNT/Ni₃S₂复合薄膜,并测试其光热海水淡化性能。方法 在多孔Ni网上,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)和水热合成相结合的方法制备Ni/CNT/Ni₃S₂复合薄膜,并构建太阳能蒸发器。利用SEM、TEM对样品的微观形貌进行表征,通过XRD、XPS分析样品的物相组成和表面元素,利用紫外可见近红外光谱分析蒸发器的光吸收能力,通过电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱仪检测海水淡化前后的离子浓度变化。结果 在制备的蒸发器中,Ni/CNT/Ni₃S₂-12蒸发器表现出优异的性能,在整个太阳光谱能吸收90.1%的太阳光。在1个太阳的光照强度下,蒸发速率高达2.57 kg/(m²·h),在不同质量分数的盐溶液中也有很好的蒸发效果。此外,淡化后的海水、污水中的离子浓度达到世界卫生组织对安全饮用水规定的标准。结论 多孔Ni基底具有大孔结构,既能漂浮于水面上实现界面加热,又能提供水的运输通道与蒸汽逸出通道,有很好的耐腐蚀性和...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.