紫金山金铜矿生物提铜尾废资源再生初步研究

紫金山低品位次生硫化铜矿采用绿色、高效、低碳的生物提铜工艺，年产阴极铜规模2万吨。矿石中高硫铜比使得生物浸出过程可以自发进行，除水外无需补酸和添加任何药剂。每吨矿石的净产酸量约为3 kg,造成生物浸出过程酸铁过剩，需要开路，且喷淋周期从经济性上受到制约，一般不超过200天。喷淋周期结束后，浸出旧堆不出渣，原位封堆绿化，但酸性环境下生态修复难度大且成本高。研究了过剩酸铁溶液对完成浸铜周期老堆的浸出行为，并初步研究了该类尾废的资源利用方向。     

紫金山铜矿生物堆浸过程酸铁平衡实践与优化方向

紫金山铜矿低品位矿石采用生物堆浸—萃取—电积工艺产出阴极铜。矿石中主要铜矿物为蓝辉铜矿及铜蓝,同时含有较高含量的黄铁矿,耗酸脉石含量低。铜矿物浸出过程中,伴随着黄铁矿的氧化产酸产铁,造成堆浸系统溶液中酸铁浓度的不断累积,影响到浸出、萃取及环保处理工序,需要通过不断地中和来降低酸铁浓度。介绍了紫金山铜矿生物堆浸的技术特点,对生物堆浸过程中高酸高铁和低酸低铁两种工艺实践中酸铁平衡实践进行总结;结合紫金山铜矿矿石矿物学信息,进行酸平衡计算,确定了堆浸过程中黄铁矿氧化过程对酸铁平衡的影响;分析工艺条件对酸铁平衡的影响,并提出未来解决酸铁过剩的工艺优化方向。     

刚果(金)某铜钴矿浸出试验流程选别研究

主要针对刚果(金)某铜钴氧化矿进行了一段浸出和二段浸出工艺选别研究。详细考察了矿石性质和矿物嵌布特征;研究了不同浸出工艺条件下的浸出率、矿石酸耗、浸出动力学及浸出富液杂质含量等因素。试验结果表明,一段浸出工艺优于二段浸出。在一段浸出工艺条件下,铜浸出率为95.6%,钴浸出率为65.3%,矿石总酸耗为36.7kg/t,脉石酸耗为4.3kg/t,浸出富液含铜7g/L,含钴0.47g/L。     

某砂岩型铀矿床矿石柱浸试验

柱浸试验是选择确定新矿床溶浸开采工艺的重要环节。采用某拟开发砂岩铀矿床的矿石,在实验室进行酸、碱法柱浸试验,并进行氧化浸出对比。酸法溶浸剂为6 g/L的硫酸溶液,碱法为3 g/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,氧化剂为300 mg/L的过氧化氢。结果表明,酸法浸出效果优于碱法浸出,氧化浸出优于无氧化浸出;酸度6 g/L+300 mg/L过氧化氢浸出效果相对最好,浸出54 d液计浸出率为87.42%,浸出率达到75%时液固比为2.29,酸耗9.0 kg/t。结合矿石碳酸盐含量较低的特点,建议采用6 g/L酸度的酸法工艺开展现场浸出条件试验,可考虑适量添加氧化剂。     

铀钼共生矿的细菌浸出试验研究

介绍了用T．f菌浸出铀钼共生矿石的试验结果。经过耐钼驯化培养的菌种对铀钼共生矿石浸出210d，铀的浸出率达98％以上，钼的浸出率达41％。浸出过程中，细菌氧化矿石中的硫化矿物产生的酸，能满足浸出过程中的酸耗。     

砂岩型铀矿浸出矿物工艺学研究进展

我国当前铀矿的勘探与开采的重点在北方砂岩型铀矿。砂岩型铀矿主要通过地浸的方式开采,地浸过程中浸矿剂除了与铀矿物发生反应外,还与矿石中的大量脉石矿物发生反应,在不同的浸出工艺条件下,地层中矿物的地球化学行为也有所不同。目前按照浸矿剂的成分,浸出工艺可以分为4种:酸法浸出、碱法浸出、中性浸出和微生物浸出。对不同浸出工艺条件下的矿物行为进行综述,认为:长石、云母、碳酸盐等矿物在酸性条件下会消耗酸和氧化剂,同时自身被蚀变,生成黏土等沉淀物,还可能造成气体堵塞;黄铁矿等硫化物在碱法地浸条件下消耗氧化剂,并可能生成铁的沉淀;矿层中的黏土矿物则可能发生膨胀降低矿层渗透性。中性浸矿和微生物浸矿尽管是新型的地浸工艺,但是同样存在着一些问题,有待后续研究解决。     

低品位氧化铜矿堆浸工业试验

采用硫酸作浸出剂,对新疆土屋低品位氧化铜矿进行堆浸工业试验,重点考察了不同粒度和矿堆堆高的渗透性、铜浸出率及酸耗的变化,并探讨了当地气候条件对堆浸的影响。结果表明,-50mm的矿石堆浸60天,铜浸出率可达80%以上。吨矿酸耗和水耗分别为24.2kg和164kg,吨铜酸耗和水耗分别为9.4t和63.9t。该矿采用堆浸-萃取-电积工艺回收铜是可行的。     

铀矿石的细菌浸出试验研究

细菌浸出法是利用某些微生物及其氧化产物溶浸矿石中的有用金属的一种新工艺。对取自湖南某矿的铀矿石进行了细菌浸出试验，考察了不同浸出剂、浸出时间、矿石粒度、矿石层高度、浸出剂中高铁离子浓度、等因素对铀浸出率的影响，并进行了扩大试验。结果表明，利用细菌浸出法可提高铀的浸出率，降低酸耗。     

高砷硫低镍钴硫化矿浸矿菌的选育与生物浸出研究

采用化学分析和偏光矿相显微镜矿物鉴定方法研究了高砷硫低镍钴硫化矿的生物浸出工艺矿物学：黄铁矿是有益组分镍、钴的主要载体矿物,结晶程度差,结构松散,易被细菌侵蚀,镍、钴容易被浸取,但细菌氧化黄铁矿而将产出较多的酸和浸出较多的铁;矿石中存在一部分颗粒微细并分散在结构致密的脉石中的含镍矿物,这是影响镍细菌浸出速率的主要原因。结合工艺矿物学研究结果,采用现代微生物驯化育种技术,选育了抗毒性强和适合浸出高砷硫低镍钴硫化矿的浸矿菌种RetechⅢ三代驯化菌,并采用亚铁离子氧化速率法、生物显微镜直接计数法及氧化还原电位法测定其浸矿活性,Fe^2＋氧化为Fe3＋速率达到1.4g.（L·h）^-1,培养60h细菌浓度由初始时的3.78×105cells·ml^-1上升到1.67×10^8cells·ml^-1,菌液氧化还原电位达到600（mV,vs.SCE）。采用摇瓶细菌浸出方法研究了浸出介质pH值、细菌接种量、浸出周期、矿浆浓度、温度等影响生物浸出的关键因素,获得了高砷硫低镍钴硫化矿生物浸出最优工艺参数,镍和钴的浸出率分别达到85.46%和99.23%。     

氧化铜矿浸铜工艺研究(摘要)

为开发利用难选氧化铜矿和贫铜矿资源,在大量试验基础上,经过数年的研究,探索出了“酸浸氧化铜矿石生产铜粉”新工艺。该工艺过程为:氧化铜矿石经破碎后,加浓酸熟化,然后用稀酸浸出,浸出液中的铜用铁屑置换得高纯度铜粉。该工艺与普通酸浸法相比,总酸耗量可低1/3,且铜浸取率高;     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.