802.11无线局域网标准与安全

介绍了无线局域网标准IEEE 802．11安全机制，描述了数据加密和用户身份认证机制与过程，以及802．11标准的安全问题。讨论了旨在提高802．11安全性的802．1x协议以及动态密钥管理方法，提出了使用无线局域网应采取的行之有效的安全措施。     

应用于IEEE802.1x的可扩展认证协议的安全分析

IEEE802．1x协议是对现行lEEE802．11协议的安全补充，lEEE委员会为IEEE802．11推出了一个安全架构，称之为RSN(Robust Security Network)。RSN利用IEEE802.lx标准来实现访问控制、认证以及密钥的管理。可扩展认证协议(EAP)是IEEE802．1x中引入的一个重要协议，该标准为基于802标准的局域网提供了一个认证的框架。文章对EAP在应用中所遇到的问题和安全隐患进行分析，并对这些问题提出了可能的解决方案。     

基于身份加密的匿名漫游无线认证协议

针对移动漫游认证问题,采用基于身份加密技术和双线性对的相关特性,提出一种基于身份加密的匿名漫游无线认证协议,分析协议的安全性和匿名性,给出在非认证链路模型下安全的形式化证明。分析表明,该协议在保证用户身份不被泄漏的前提下,实现了用户与接入点之间的双向验证,满足无线网络环境的安全需求,并提供不同运营商之间的不可否认服务。与现有协议相比,该协议为匿名漫游认证提供了一种更实用的解决方案。     

用户认证在以太网中的实现

认证是宽带以太网实现可管理和网络信息安全的第一步。本文结合基于端口的访问控制协议———802．1x协议和身份认证中所使用的一种协议——RADIUS协议，讨论以太网环境下用户认证的实现。     

基于模糊身份的直接匿名漫游认证协议

近年来,为保护用户的隐私安全性,大量适用于全球移动网络环境的匿名漫游认证协议相继被提出.其中,部分协议采用临时身份代替真实身份的方法实现漫游过程中用户身份的匿名性需求,然而临时身份的重复使用,在一定程度上增加了用户的存储负担;部分协议采用身份更新的方法实现临时身份的一次一变性,但是相关信息的存储及更新操作,导致协议的执行效率较低.针对上述不足,提出模糊的直接匿名漫游认证协议.无需家乡代理的协助,通过1轮消息交互,外部代理即可直接完成对移动用户的身份合法性验证.同时,无需更新操作,即可实现漫游过程中临时身份的一次一变性.该机制在实现身份合法性匿名认证的同时,提高了协议的存储和执行效率,并且降低了通信时延.安全性证明表明,该协议在Canetti-Krawczyk（CK）安全模型下可证明是安全的.相较于传统漫游认证协议而言,该协议在存储、通信和计算等方面具有更优的性能,更适用于全球移动网络.     

无线局域网中的认证机制

当前无线局域网（WLAN）主要的认证技术包括了IEEE802．11中的开放系统认证和共享密钥认证,IEEE802．11i中的802．1x认证协议,以及我国的无线局域网安全标准WAPI中的WAI认证机制。概述了以上各种认证机制,讨论了它们各自的优缺点,并根据其存在的安全漏洞,给出了两种改进方案。最后给出了WLAN认证机制的进一步研究方向。     

物联网移动节点直接匿名漫游认证协议

无线网络下传统匿名漫游协议中远程域认证服务器无法直接完成对移动节点的身份合法性验证,必须在家乡域认证服务器的协助下才能完成,导致漫游通信时延较大,无法满足物联网感知子网的快速漫游需求.针对上述不足,提出可证安全的物联网移动节点直接匿名漫游认证协议,远程域认证服务器通过与移动节点间的1轮消息交互,可直接完成对移动节点的身份合法性验证.该协议在实现移动节点身份合法性验证的同时,具有更小的通信时延、良好的抗攻击能力和较高的执行效率.相较于传统匿名漫游协议而言,该协议快速漫游的特点更适用于物联网环境.安全性证明表明,该协议在CK安全模型下是可证安全的.     

WLAN安全方案及802.11i标准研究

简要分析了现存无线网络中的加密技术和身份认证等安全措施及其存在的安全问题。分别从数据保密、身份认证及密钥管理等方面对IEEE802．11i标准的安全性进行了探讨,其中详细地分析了临时密钥完整性协议中TKIP密钥的生成过程、不同功用的密钥层次的划分以及不同密钥安全分发过程的详细步骤。     

基于802.1x认证的无线局域网安全评估

无线局域网由于其信号广播的固有特性，安全问题尤为突出。802．1x标准旨在增强访问控制和认证的强度，是当前WLAN认证的主要机制。本文试图通过对802．11、802．1x以及高层认证协议的机理和相互关系的分析，对其安全性作一个基本的评价。     

改进基于WEP协议的无线局域网的安全

目前的无线局域网（WEAN）都支持IEEE．802．11和802．11b标准，这些标准都以WEP（wired Equivalent Privacy）协议为基础来进行加密和认证。分析了WEP协议存在的安全漏洞，为架设更高服务质量的WEAN提出了一种安全改进的方案。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。