共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 283 毫秒
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衰老性肌萎缩症是与年龄相关的肌肉质量下降和力量减弱症,因其在当今社会中的患病率日益提高而受到关注。衰老性肌萎缩症造成的不良后果包括使患者丧失独立性,增加健康成本,降低生活质量。随着人口的不断老龄化,包括衰老性肌萎缩症在内的骨骼肌疾病的罹患率逐渐提高。目前已经提出许多机制作为衰老性肌萎缩症发病的潜在因素,包括衰老性厌食症、蛋白质失衡和氧化应激。目前,对衰老性肌萎缩症的预防和治疗方法尚未达成共识。在这种情况下,营养和运动干预相结合似乎是目前可用于治疗衰老性肌萎缩症的最有效策略。本文将总结和讨论衰老性肌萎缩症的定义和发病机制、目前在营养方面治疗衰老性肌萎缩症的对策、相关营养食品对衰老性肌萎缩症的作用机制,并提出保持肌肉质量和功能的新型营养策略。最后,阐述合理化饮食方式结合运动干预的协同效应,以期为衰老性肌萎缩症的预防和治疗提供更佳选择。 相似文献
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蛋白质是人体重要的营养物质,蛋白质的长期缺乏会直接或间接导致人体免疫力低下、肌肉衰减、骨质疏松等病症的发生概率增加,这种现象在老年人群中更为突出,从而降低了老年人群的运动及机体代谢能力,直接影响其生活质量,这也增加了我国公共卫生及医疗系统负担,阻碍了“健康中国”战略的稳步推进。目前,对于改善老年人蛋白质摄入不足/缺乏的方式主要有改良食物特性(改变蛋白质结构)、改善身体机能(添加可促进蛋白消化酶分泌的成分)、改变饮食结构(增加寡肽的摄入)以及改变饮食习惯(增加蛋白质摄入量和种类)。本文探讨年龄增长对蛋白质消化吸收能力的影响作用,并总结现有的促进蛋白质消化吸收的方法,同时对未来改善老年人蛋白质消化吸收能力的方法进行展望,以期为促进老年人营养尤其是蛋白质吸收的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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老年人常见的老年病如阿尔兹海默症、骨质疏松、心血管疾病等不仅会给患者本人带来痛苦,还会导致一些经济问题。人类肠道中存在10种以上微生物,大多数分布在回肠和结肠,这些细菌在维持能量、代谢和免疫等方面起到重要的作用。本文总结分析了益生菌预防阿尔兹海默症、骨质疏松、心血管疾病等老年疾病的机制以及临床应用,以期为老年人的健康状况维持以及疾病的治疗提供参考。 相似文献
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美国格莱斯顿研究所的科学家确认了一种新机制,从根本上揭示了低碳水化合物、低热量的饮食方法为何能够延缓衰老。这一发现或能为更好地治疗或预防心脏病、阿尔茨海默症和癌症等与衰老相关的疾病提供帮助。随着老龄化人口的不断增长,退行性疾病也变得越发普遍。在美国,心脏病仍是该国老年人的头号杀手,癌症和阿尔茨海默症紧随其后。 相似文献
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The role of exercise,milk, dairy foods and constituent proteins on the prevention and management of sarcopenia 下载免费PDF全文
Lydia AM Cooper Sarah L Brown Erica Hocking Anne C Mullen 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2016,69(1):13-21
Sarcopenia, an age‐related decline in muscle mass, is a burgeoning public health concern in the UK, with the number of people over the age of 65 expected to double by 2050. Resistance exercise is an effective intervention in its prevention and management. Increasing quantity and improving quality of dietary protein, by inclusion of high‐availability leucine, are also purportedly beneficial. Leucine is a key anabolic amino acid, found in dairy foods. A number of studies have investigated dairy foods in prevention of sarcopenia. This paper reviews interventions of exercise, amino acids including leucine, dairy protein and foods for prevention of sarcopenia. 相似文献
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老年人肌少性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)是一种伴随着肥胖的骨骼肌质量和功能下降的老年性疾病,多发于老年人群而严重影响其生活质量。大量研究结果表明随着年龄的增长,即使体质量不变,老年人身体组成也会逐渐改变,肌肉质量功能下降,脂肪比例上升且主要堆积在肌肉组织、内脏器官,整体表现为肌肉脂肪量上升、炎症因子增多、生长激素水平下降、营养摄入不足、活动量降低、神经元功能下降以及胰岛素抵抗等,这些现象都与SO相关。从分子水平阐述其相关机制,研究者发现骨骼肌蛋白质合成与降解、骨骼肌糖脂代谢以及相关细胞因子均参与SO代谢通路的调控。运动干预、热量限制及蛋白质、VD、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸盐、肌酸和乳清蛋白的摄入均可在一定程度上起到防治SO的效果。由于国内外对于SO的判断标准、发病机制以及防治手段仍不统一,给SO研究带来了较大难度。本文对国内外最新研究报道进行整理总结,从SO的定义、引起因素、涉及的细胞信号调控通路以及防治策略(运动或营养食品干预)等方面进行了综述,为SO治疗提供新思路。 相似文献
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Phillips SM 《Meat science》2012,92(3):174-178
From a health perspective, an underappreciated consequence of the normal aging process is the impacts that the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, termed sarcopenia, has on health beyond an effect on locomotion. Sarcopenia, refers to the loss of muscle mass, and associated muscle weakness, which occurs in aging and is thought to proceed at a rate of approximately 1% loss per year. However, periods of inactivity due to illness or recovery from orthopedic procedures such as hip or knee replacement are times of accelerated sarcopenic muscle loss from which it may be more difficult for older persons to recover. Some of the consequences of age-related sarcopenia are easy to appreciate such as weakness and, eventually, reduced mobility; however, other lesser recognized consequences include, due to the metabolic role the skeletal muscle plays, an increased risk for poor glucose control and a predisposition toward weight gain. What we currently know is that two stimuli can counter this age related muscle loss and these are physical activity, specifically resistance exercise (weightlifting), and nutrition. The focus of this paper is on the types of dietary protein that people might reasonably consume to offset sarcopenic muscle loss. 相似文献
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Behnaz Abiri 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2019,59(9):1456-1466
Prevention of age related decline in muscle mass and strength is a key strategy to keeping physical capacity in older age and allowing independent living. To emerge preventive strategies, a better understanding is required of life style factors that impacts on sarcopenia. However, since muscle mass and strength in later life depend on both the rate of muscle loss and the peak achieved in early life, attempts to prevent sarcopenia also require considering diet through the life course and the potential benefits of early interventions. Optimizing diet and nutrition status during the life may be an important strategy to preventing sarcopenia and enhancing physical ability in older age. 相似文献
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Skeletal muscle is an integral body tissue playing key roles in strength, performance, physical function, and metabolic regulation. It is essential for athletes to ensure that they have optimal amounts of muscle mass to ensure peak performance in their given sport. However, the role of maintaining muscle mass during weight loss and as we age is an emerging concept, having implications in chronic disease prevention, functional capacity, and quality of life. Higher‐protein diets have been shown to: (1) promote gains in muscle mass, especially when paired with resistance training; (2) spare muscle mass loss during caloric restriction; and (3) attenuate the natural loss of muscle mass that accompanies aging. Protein quality is important to the gain and maintenance of muscle mass. Protein quality is a function of protein digestibility, amino acid content, and the resulting amino acid availability to support metabolic function. Whey protein is one of the highest‐quality proteins given its amino acid content (high essential, branched‐chain, and leucine amino acid content) and rapid digestibility. Consumption of whey protein has a robust ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. In fact, whey protein has been found to stimulate muscle protein synthesis to a greater degree than other proteins such as casein and soy. This review examines the existing data supporting the role for protein consumption, with an emphasis on whey protein, in the regulation of muscle mass and body composition in response to resistance training, caloric restriction, and aging. 相似文献
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目的:通过尾吊大鼠模拟失重效应,探讨大豆多肽营养干预对肌肉萎缩的预防和治疗作用。方法:选取15只雄性Wistar大鼠为预防实验对象,分为地面-对照组、尾吊-对照组、尾吊-肽组,灌胃40 d。选取20只雄性Wistar大鼠为治疗实验对象,5只作为地面-对照组,15只尾吊40 d后放回地面,分为尾吊后-高剂量肽治疗组、尾吊后-中剂量肽治疗组、尾吊后-低剂量肽治疗组,灌胃60 d。预防和治疗实验结束后,称量大鼠体质量、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌湿重,测定血清中蛋白质合成相关因子(IGF-1)、蛋白质分解相关因子(FoxO3)、氧化应激相关因子(SOD)的浓度及蛋白质分解中关键特异性连接酶(Atrogin-1)的相对表达量。结果:预防实验中,与尾吊-对照组相比,大豆多肽可显著提升大鼠血清中IGF-1浓度(p<0.05),显著降低血清中FoxO3浓度(p<0.05),显著降低比目鱼肌中Atrogin-1蛋白相对表达量(p<0.05)。治疗实验中,与尾吊-对照组相比,不同剂量大豆多肽可显著提高大鼠体质量增长速率(p<0.05),显著提高大鼠血清中IGF-1和SOD浓度(p<0.05),显著降低血清中FoxO3浓度(p<0.05),显著降低腓肠肌和比目鱼肌中Atrogin-1蛋白相对表达量(p<0.05),且治疗60 d后与地面-对照组无显著性差异。结论:大豆多肽营养干预可增强蛋白质合成代谢、减弱蛋白质分解代谢,同时降低体内氧化应激水平,从而一定程度有效预防肌肉萎缩的发生或治疗修复肌肉损伤。 相似文献
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将60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁三个年龄阶段的老年人分为肌肉衰减组、正常组,调查分析了老年人肌肉衰减与肉类饮食等影响因素的关系,揭示肉类饮食、运动状况和老年人肌肉衰减的关系,从食品摄入角度为干预老年人肌肉衰减提供依据。结果表明:从总体上看,与正常组比较发现,肌肉衰减组老年人在性别、BMI(身体质量指数)上差异极显著(P<0.01);组内比较发现,肌肉衰减组三个年龄段老年人随年龄增长其肌肉衰减程度呈上升趋势,SMI(骨骼肌质量指数)下降;膳食状况与运动状况分析发现,肌肉衰减组三个年龄段中部分年龄段老年人在肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽类及其蛋白摄入量、运动量分类上与正常组老年人有显著差异(P<0.05),并且其肌肉衰减率随着肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽类及其蛋白摄入量、运动量分类值的增加而呈递减趋势(P<0.05);肌肉衰减与肉类及其蛋白摄入量有关(β=-2.633、P<0.05;β=-2.216、P<0.05),肉类及其蛋白摄入量为老年人肌肉衰减的保护因素(OR<1);主成分分析发现肉类、抗阻运动量的排序(2、3)和肉类蛋白、抗阻运动量(2、1)排序均靠前,SMI与肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽肉及其蛋白摄入量有较强的相关性,指标之间距离较近。结论:老年人肌肉衰减受年龄、性别、BMI、肉类饮食、运动状况等因素影响,适当增加老年人肉类摄入量(特别是畜禽肉)、抗阻运动量,有助于改善老年人的肌肉衰减。 相似文献