超重力湿法脱除气体中低浓度粉尘

以燃煤飞灰为实验粉尘,旋转填料床(RPB)为除尘设备,研究了超重力湿法脱除低浓度(200 mg/m3)粉尘的适宜条件,测定了分级效率;降低入口粉尘浓度考察了旋转填料床高效处理粉尘的浓度范围.结果表明,入口粉尘浓度为200 mg/m3时,在超重力因子163、气量400 m3/h、液量0.5 m3/h的条件下,除尘效率高达93.18%.超重力旋转填料床的切割粒径dc?0.08μm,粒径2.5μm的粉尘的脱除效率为95%?99.75%.入口粉尘浓度低至30 mg/m3时,除尘效率可达81.25%.     

铁基脱硫剂超重力法脱除硫化氢

用N₂和H₂S的混合气模拟含硫天然气, 以铁基脱硫剂为脱硫液, 采用超重力旋转填充床(RPB)进行脱除H₂S的集约化实验研究, 考察了原料气H₂S质量浓度、含硫原料气流量、脱硫液流量、温度及RPB转子转速对H₂S脱除率的影响。实验结果表明, 铁基脱硫剂超重力法脱除H₂S的较佳工艺条件为原料气H₂S含量14g/m³, 原料气流量0.45m³/h, 脱硫液流量13.5L/h, 脱硫液温度40℃, RPB转子转速1000r/min。在此条件下, H₂S脱除率稳定在99.98%以上, 脱硫后净化气H₂S含量小于2mg/m³。另外, 舍弃再生用RPB, 采用直接向脱硫富液储槽鼓空气的方法, 脱硫剂氧化再生良好, 脱硫效果保持不变, 且可长时间稳定运行。因此, 铁基脱硫剂超重力法脱硫工艺简单、效率高、设备体积小, 可实现海洋油气平台天然气或石油伴生气脱硫的集约化, 工业化应用前景广阔。     

超重力强化碱液氧化吸收脱除NO的研究

根据湿法吸收NO机理,采用超重力旋转填充床(RPB)作为反应设备,分别用H_2O_2、Ca(OH)_2作为吸收剂,探究NO脱除的最佳浓度;将两种最佳脱除浓度的吸收剂以体积比1∶1混合为双组分吸收剂,探究NO脱除的最佳实验条件。结果表明,0.80 mol/L H_2O_2溶液的脱除效率最佳,NO脱除效率在36.00%左右;0.03 mol/L Ca(OH)_2溶液脱除效率最佳,脱除效率在78.00%左右;0.03 mol/L Ca(OH)_2溶液与0.80 mol/L H_2O_2溶液以体积比1∶1混合的双组分吸收剂,其NO的脱除效率最高能达到99.00%。双组分吸收液在含氧量为4%,气液比为2∶1的实验条件下NO脱除率最佳,双组分吸收液的pH在11.00～12.00之间,反应开始70 min,NO的脱除率保持在90.00%以上,反应120 min脱硝效率在60.00%左右。     

规整丝网填料旋转填充床的气相压降特性及脱硫性能

采用空气-水体系,对装有4种不同规格规整丝网填料的旋转填充床的压降特性进行了实验研究,考察了转速、气体流量、液体流量等操作参数及填料特性对气相压降的影响规律,并与传统不锈钢波纹丝网填料旋转填充床压降进行了比较. 结果表明,装有规整丝网填料的旋转填充床压降可降低35%~70%. 进一步采用压降较低的规整丝网填料以(NH4)2SO3为吸收剂进行氨法脱硫性能研究,结果表明,随转子转速和(NH4)2SO3浓度增大,SO2脱除率升高;随进气口SO2浓度升高及气液比增大,SO2脱除率降低;SO2脱除率最高可达97%,可满足国家排放标准.     

旋转填充床中均相催化臭氧化处理酸性红B染料废水

以超重力旋转填充床(RPB)作为反应装置,研究了Fe2+离子作为催化剂的情况下,臭氧高级氧化技术处理酸性红B染料废水的效果.考察了旋转床转速、PH值、Fe2+离子浓度、气体流量和液体流量等因素对脱色率的影响.实验表明,在酸性条件下均相催化臭氧化方法的脱色率明显高于臭氧单独处理,酸性红B的脱色率随着转速的增加而增加.当R...     

超重力药剂循环脱除海洋平台天然气中硫化氢中试研究

采用超重力旋转填充床(RPB)进行了海洋平台天然气中低含量H2S脱除的试验研究,海洋平台天然气经计量后从侧向进入RPB,脱硫药剂从RPB中央进入,气液两相在填料层中沿径向做逆向接触,H2S被脱硫液中的胺基吸收,净化后的天然气直接由出口离开RPB,脱硫剂不断的循环使用。结果表明:无论是液气比变化范围很大,还是出现特殊工况气量突然增大或液量突然减少,超重力机都能够平稳运行,且脱硫后净化气H2S质量浓度接近于0 mg/m3(检测不出)。此外,整套工艺可实现撬装,极大地减小了设备尺寸和工艺占地面积,可实现海洋油气平台天然气或伴生气脱硫的集约化,工业化应用前景广阔。     

超重力-双碱法脱除模拟烟气中二氧化硫的研究

以碳酸钠为吸收剂,氢氧化钙为再生剂,探讨了超重力环境下脱除模拟烟气中SO2的效果。考察了吸收剂温度、pH、钠离子浓度、烟气中SO2浓度、超重力机转速及液气比对SO2脱除率的影响。结果表明,在超重力环境下气液仅通过50 mm的旋转床层,脱硫率可达90.62%。     

旋转填料床/柠檬酸盐法脱除烟气中SO2的实验研究

提出采用旋转填料床结合柠檬酸盐法脱除烟气中SO2的方法,考察了旋转填料床转子转数、液气比、pH值等因素对脱硫率的影响.结果表明采用超重力法柠檬酸盐溶液初始浓度为1.5mol/L、液气比为71/m3、超重机转子转速为1000r/min,吸收液的pH值为5.0,脱硫率达到98％以上.     

折流式旋转床气液比表面积的实验研究及CFD模拟

气液比表面积对折流式旋转床(RZB)的传质起到关键的作用。本文采用NaOH溶液化学吸收混合气体中CO_2的方法对折流式旋转床的气液比表面积进行了研究,通过计算流体力学(CFD)技术来模拟转子内液体的流动行为。分析转子转速、气体流量和液体流量对气液比表面积的影响。结果表明:折流式旋转床的比表面积在100~350m~2/m~3范围内,折流式旋转床的气液比表面积随液量的增大而增大,随气量的增大明显增大,随转速的增加先缓慢增大后迅速增大。CFD模拟表明,随液量的增加,动静圈之间的液滴数量明显增多,并且静圈上更多的表面被液膜覆盖;随气量的增大,更多的液体被碎成细小的液体,液滴的数量成倍增加;随转速的增大,动圈施加给液体的剪切力和离心力增大,液体被更好地分散,并且离开动圈的液滴尺寸变得更小。RZB与其他类型填充旋转床(RPB)的气液比表面积进行对比,发现RZB的比表面积低于分段进液式RPB、常规不锈钢金属网RPB、镍泡沫填料RPB、新型多个叶片转子RPB,接近于板式填料和挡板PRB。     

旋转填充床中O_3/Fenton工艺处理聚丙烯酰胺污水的研究

在旋转填充床(RPB)中,研究了O_3/Fenton工艺处理模拟聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)污水的效果。考察了溶液p H值,Fe~(2+)浓度,H2O2浓度,O_3浓度,反应温度与RPB转速对PAM氧化降解率以及化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为4,Fe~(2+)浓度为0.25 mmol/L,H_2O_2浓度为0.8 mmol/L,O_3浓度为50 mg/L,反应温度为25℃,以及RPB转速为800 r/min的条件下,PAM氧化降解率和COD去除率可以达到96.82%与89.96%,表明采用RPB强化O_3/Fenton工艺处理PAM污水具有良好的效果。     

Fe2+液相催化氧化脱除烟气中SO2

提出了一种烟气脱硫新工艺。实验选用水作脱硫剂 ,在只以Fe为催化剂的条件下进行。加入吸收液槽中的铁屑可与脱硫产生的稀硫酸进行反应 ,不仅可维持较高的吸收液pH值 ,而且产生的Fe2 + 引发了液相催化氧化SO2 反应。连续运行实验结果表明脱硫过程在不同阶段分别受SO2 溶解、Fe2 + 液相催化氧化SO2 反应、气相中SO2 扩散和铁屑与酸反应控制。吸收液中Fe2 + 质量浓度的变化和初始Fe2 + 质量浓度对脱硫率及吸收液pH值影响显示 ,可直接由清水制取高浓度硫酸亚铁溶液。实验还调查了SO2 入口质量浓度、液气比、空塔气速和吸收温度对脱硫率和吸收液pH值的影响     

Carbon dioxide absorption in a cross-flow rotating packed bed

This work investigates the feasibility of applying the cross-flow rotating packed bed (RPB) to the removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by absorption from gaseous streams. Monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solution was used as the model absorbent. Also, other absorbents such as the NaOH and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) aqueous solutions were compared with the MEA aqueous solution. The CO₂ removal efficiency was observed as functions of rotor speed, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, MEA concentration, and CO₂ concentration. Experimental results indicated that the rotor speed positively affects the CO₂ removal efficiency. Our results further demonstrated that the CO₂ removal efficiency increased with the liquid flow rate and the MEA concentration; however, decreased with the gas flow rate and the CO₂ concentration. Additionally, the CO₂ removal efficiency for the MEA aqueous solution was superior to that for the NaOH and AMP aqueous solutions. Based on the performance comparison with the conventional packed bed and the countercurrent-flow RPB, the cross-flow RPB is an effective absorber for CO₂ absorption process.     

Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Desulfurization Efficiency of Dual-alkali FGD System in a RST Scrubber

The effects of operating parameters on desulfurization efficiency of a dual-alkali FGD process in a rotating-stream-tray (RST) scrubber are investigated. A dimensionless factor, e, is proposed in this study to predict desulfurization efficiency of this dual-alkali FGD system. e represents the desulfurization ability of a dual alkali FGD system, determined by five main operating parameters such as sodium ion concentration, ratio of absorbent flow rate to flue gas flow rate, pH value of absorbent solution, ratio of sulfate ion to total sulfur ion in absorbent solution, and sulfur dioxide concentration of inlet flue gas. The empirical expression for predicting desulfurization efficiency at different temperatures is obtained through the experimental study and theoretical calculation. It provides useful guide for engineering design.     

稳定性二氧化氯脱氮除硫实验研究

实验以稳定性二氧化氯溶液作为吸收液,采用气液逆流操作,研究了填料高度、二氧化氟溶液的质量浓度及溶液的pH值等因素对稳定性二氧化氯脱氮除硫效果的影响.实验结果表明:二氧化氯的质量浓度对去除率的影响最大,溶液的pH值对去除率的影响较小,不论在酸性或碱性的条件下都能达到较高的去除率.当填料高度大于20 cm,二氧化氯的质量浓...     

液相射流吸收耦合气相旋流分离烟气脱硫

在传统的除雾型旋风分离器基础上进行改进,使其同时具备液相射流、气液吸收反应以及气液分离功能,并将这一新型旋风分离器用于烟气脱硫实验。实验中气相为含SO₂烟气,液相为NaOH或Na₂CO₃碱液吸收剂,通过调节吸收剂浓度、烟气含硫浓度、烟气喷射速度、吸收剂喷射速度、吸收剂固含率等参数得到其相应脱硫率的变化。实验研究表明：脱硫率随吸收剂浓度的增加先增加,达到一定浓度后脱硫率几乎不变;脱硫率随SO₂进口浓度的升高而下降;随进口气速的增大,脱硫率也一定程度增大;随液体喷射速度的增加脱硫率先增大,增大到一定程度后脱硫率趋于不变;NaOH作为吸收剂所得最佳脱硫率可达85%,Na₂CO₃作为吸收剂,最佳脱硫率可达77%;当其他参数一定时,加入一定量的CaCO₃固体微粒,可以提高脱硫效率1%~2%。该液相射流吸收耦合气相旋流分离装置不仅脱硫效率高,而且脱硫剂损失少,投资成本与运行维护费用均低于相同处理量的烟气脱硫塔,具有良好的应用前景。     

Applications of high-gravity technologies in gas purifications: A review

The traditional gas purification techniques such as wet gas desulfurization, with their advantages of large-scale implementation and maturity, have still been widely used. However, the main drawback of these techniques is the low transfer efficiency, which normally needs towers as tall as tens of meters to remove the pollutants. Therefore, new technologies which could enhance the mass transfer efficiency and are less energy-intensive are highly desirable. As a process intensification technology, high-gravity technology, which is carried out in a rotating packed bed(RPB), has recently demonstrated great potential for industrial applications due to its high mass transfer efficiency, energy-saving, and smaller volume. This consequently provides higher efficiency in toxic gas removal, and can significantly reduce the investment and operation costs. In this review, the mechanism,characteristics, recent developments, and the industry applications of high-gravity technologies in gas purifications, such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and nanoparticle removal are discussed, most of the demonstration projects and practical application examples in gas purification come from China. The perspective and prospective of this technology in gas purification and other fields are also briefly discussed.     

Theoretical analysis of chemisorption of gases in a three-phase system

Kinetics of chemisorption of sulfur dioxide by a limestone suspension is theoretically analyzed and a chemisorption mathematical model, which is used to determine the treatment efficiency of the gas, is developed. It is shown that the gas treatment efficiency considerably increases for the chemical absorption by a suspension containing solid absorbent particles as compared with physical absorption. The gas treatment efficiency rises with increasing solid absorbent mass in the solution and decreasing size of the particles.     

Hydrogen sulfide removal by catalytic oxidative absorption method using rotating packed bed reactor

Using catalytic oxidative absorption for H_2S removal is of great interest due to its distinct advantages. However,traditional scrubbing process faces a great limitation in the confined space. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop high-efficiency process intensification technology for such a system. In this article, H_2S absorption experimental research was conducted in a rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor with ferric chelate absorbent and a mixture of N_2 and H_2S, which was used to simulate natural gas. The effects of absorbent p H value, gas–liquid ratio, gravity level of RPB, absorption temperature and character of the packing on the desulfurization efficiency were investigated. The results showed that H_2S removal efficiency could reach above 99.6% under the most of the experimental condition and above 99.9% under the optimal condition. A long-time continuous experiment was conducted to investigate the stability of the whole process combining absorption and regeneration. The result showed that the process could well realize simultaneous desulfurization and absorbent regeneration, and the H_2S removal efficiency kept relatively stable in the whole duration of 72 h. It can be clearly seen that high gravity technology desulfurization process, which is simple, high-efficiency, and space intensive, has a good prospect for industrial application of H_2S removal in confined space.     

CFD simulation of chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and water in a venturi scrubber

ABSTRACT

The use of fossil fuel, i.e., coal, was first initiated in 1880s for electricity generation. It was used extensively worldwide due to its cheap rate. Consequently, there is an adverse effect on the environment that results in a climate change. Many industries were working on cleaning flue gases emitted from coal power plants according to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards by using different scrubbing technologies and venturi scrubber is one of them having ability to remove particulates and toxic gases simultaneously. Industries were using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to fully understand the gases behavior inside scrubbing technologies prior employed in the project. This research represents CFD simulation to study abatement process of sulfur dioxide through chemical reaction with water in a venturi scrubber. Parameters such as mass concentration of sulfurous acid formation, sulfur dioxide and water mass content distribution inside venturi scrubber were analyzed. The sulfur dioxide removal efficiency was also investigated. The results show that water mass content distribution was greatly influenced by sulfur dioxide mass flow rates. Desulfurization efficiency depreciates with an increase in sulfur dioxide mass flow rate, whereas efficiency increases with accession in liquid to gas ratio. Maximum sulfur dioxide removal was observed at lower sulfur dioxide concentration comparatively to higher concentration of sulfur dioxide.