"5G+工业互联网"的焊接、切割及大数据系统的推广和应用

浅析一例基于5G通信的焊接质量远程监控系统.该系统可远程实时监控多个地点的多种焊接设备的工作状态和位置信息,获取焊接电流、焊接电压、送丝速度、气体流量等多种信息,实现监控焊接过程的实时数据、焊后追溯分析、生产质量管控、生产资源管理等作业.     

基于5G通信的焊接设备远程控系统设计与实现

随着焊接方式和焊接施工场景的不断拓展,焊接过程的监管难度也随之增加.为此,设计了一套基于5G通信的焊接设备远程监控系统.采用该系统可远程实时监控多个地点的多种焊接设备的工作状态和位置信息,获取焊接电流、焊接电压、送丝速度、气体流量等多种信息,实现焊接过程的实时监控和焊后的追溯分析等.5G通信技术的应用使得系统在网络结构...     

45~#钢连续驱动摩擦焊过程中材料流动行为与飞边形成的3D数值模拟(英文)

基于3D热力耦合有限元模型对45#钢环形件连续驱动摩擦焊(CDFW)过程中的材料流动行为与飞边形成过程进行研究,重点分析7种不同的焊接工艺参数影响摩擦界面附近材料流动与飞边形态的规律,其中焊接工艺参数包括摩擦压力、摩擦时间与旋转速度。结果表明:更高的焊接温度峰值、更宽的高温区域以及更大的轴向压力有利于增加焊接过程中的材料流动速度。在CDFW过程中,摩擦界面边缘附近的材料向接头外流动并形成飞边,且飞边尺寸与弯曲程度随着摩擦时间的延长、以及旋转速度和摩擦压力的增加而增加。对于内径50mm、外径80mm的45#钢环形件,较合理的CDFW焊接工艺参数为:摩擦压力100MPa、摩擦时间4s以及旋转速度1600r/min.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数与其焊接作用力的关系研究

搅拌摩擦焊接是一种新型的材料固相连接技术,由于焊接过程中材料没有完全熔化,其焊接过程中产生的力作用影响比传统的熔焊大。搅拌摩擦焊中的作用力(包括顶锻压力、进给阻力等)与焊接工艺参数存在着一定的关系。为了研究焊接作用力的变化规律,本试验使用一套自行设计的测量系统对其数值变化进行了实时跟踪测量,检测焊接过程中包括搅拌头下压、稳定焊接、搅拌头拔出三个阶段的焊接作用力,分析不同工艺参数条件下顶锻压力与进给阻力的变化情况。试验结果表明:焊接作用力与焊接工艺参数(包括旋转速度、进给速度、压深量)均存在明显的联系,可尝试以此作为工艺参数优化的参考依据。     

钢材焊接基础数据库及焊接性分析系统设计

针对钢铁制造业的实际需要,设计了钢材焊接基础数据库系统和焊接性分析系统.数据库系统包含了母材和焊接材料成分与性能数据、焊接性分析试验数据及成熟钢材焊接工艺.同时,在材料焊接性分析知识总结的基础上,综合运用数据库及面向对象编程技术,结合相关焊接专业知识及经验,设计了焊接性预算分析专家系统.该系统能对常用钢材进行焊接性分析,对已知成分的新材料可通过相关数学模型计算,进行焊接性预测.系统进行了多权限用户设计,不同权限的用户在局域网内协同使用,提高了系统的使用效率.系统基于C/S结构模式,具有一定的操作稳定性和数据安全性.     

中北大学焊接材料技术培训中心

“焊接材料技术培训中心”是中北大学与德国汉诺威大学材料连接焊接工艺研究中心共同组建的。三年来，中北大学为该中心装备了由德国汉诺威大学引进的当今最先进的AH-XⅧ-4E汉诺威焊接质量分析系统，添置了LB-16型熔滴过渡过程的高速摄影装置（速度达8000帧／秒）以及多种功能焊接设备，建立了可以进行焊接材料科学研究、人员培训的基地。经过双方的3年合作研究，完成了“焊接材料工艺质量分析与评估”课题的预期目标，将先进的汉诺威分析系统引入我国焊接材料技术领域，建立了焊接材料工艺性评价体系，提出了焊接材料工艺性科学分析与评价方法，从而使焊接材料工艺质量的分析与评价由依靠人的直观感觉定性评估，提高到以数据信息为基础的定量的分析与评定的科学层面上来。     

薄板钛合金激光焊熔透稳定性临界条件的计算

钛合金薄板熔透激光焊研究发现,在一定焊接参数条件下,由于金属蒸气和光致等离子体的作用,即使焊接过程的工艺参数稳定不变,也存在全熔透不稳定过程,其特征是焊缝表面成形均匀不变,而焊缝背面出现熔透与未熔透之间交替跳跃的成形特征,这种不稳定焊接过程属于激光深熔焊过程的本征特性,主要取决于焊接过程穿孔形成的稳定性。基于小孔形成机理和孔壁能量平衡的分析,提出了小孔穿孔速度与焊接速度相匹配的熔透稳定性物理模型,将穿孔速度与激光功率密度、焊接速度、材料物理性能、板厚联系起来,并建立了熔透焊所需最小激光功率密度计算关系式,理论计算结果与试验结果基本一致。所建立的关系式可用于判断焊接工艺参数深熔焊熔透稳定性。     

基于VB开发的金属波纹管焊接工艺设计专家系统

通过对金属波纹管生产过程中焊接工艺设计特点的分析,总结适用于金属波纹管的常用焊接方法.基于VisualBasic6.0平台,设计并开发了"金属波纹管焊接工艺设计专家系统".着重介绍了该专家系统主要功能的设计原理、实现方法及系统数据库的结构等.用户只需通过输入准确或近似的材料名称,选择性的输入材料厚度或焊接方法,系统便能够基于专家数据库智能筛选,通过对输入参数的智能分析、判断、查询、比较与计算最终得出准确合理的焊接工艺及参数,并以焊接工艺卡片的形式显示出来供用户查阅.该系统不仅使繁琐重复的焊接工艺设计简洁化,还为制定更合理的工时定额以及改善管理提供了科学依据,实现了波纹管焊接工艺设计过程的标准化与最优化.     

搅拌摩擦焊接中的接触界面材料行为分析

通过有限元模型,模拟不同工况下的搅拌摩擦焊接过程发现,焊接构件的中下部搅拌针,与焊接构件接触面上材料流动的速度以及厚度方向上的位置无关,但是靠近上表面的材料流动速度明显增加,而且靠近上表面的材料流动速度与厚度方向上的坐标均呈近似的线性关系。搅拌头轴肩下方的区域是材料流动的主要区域,在轴肩外边缘区域,材料流动速度迅速降低。焊接温度和材料流动速度随搅拌头转速的增加而增加,滑动系数随搅拌头转速的增加而增加。预热时间的变化,对无缺陷搅拌摩擦焊接过程的影响较小。     

气化冲击焊飞板碰撞速度测量及影响因素分析

气化冲击焊接技术可广泛用于难以焊接成形的钛、镁和铝等有色金属材料与钢材的连接。铝箔作为气化冲击焊接过程能量转换的载体,它的工作效率对气化冲击焊接工艺起到至关重要的作用。本文分析了气化冲击焊接过程中能量转换的过程,采用光子多普勒测速系统分析了三种不同厚度的铝箔在不同能量输入条件下铝箔的工作效率和对飞板与靶板碰撞速度的影响规律。当飞板与靶板间距（碰撞角度5 °）为2.5 mm时,铝箔的气化能量是影响飞板与靶板碰撞速度的关键因素。通过碰撞速度的分析可以发现,0.051 mm铝箔在输入能量小于3 kJ时效率最高,0.076 mm铝箔在3 kJ-6 kJ效率最高, 6 kJ-12 kJ时,0.127 mm的铝箔可以获得最佳效率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.