一种去除离焦粒子像的简便方法

记录着不同深度位置的粒子全息图在数值重构过程中由于直透光、孪生像的影响以及离焦粒子像的存在,导致了聚焦粒子再现像质量的下降.针对这一问题,本文提出一种数值处理方法来减小上述三因素对聚焦粒子再现像的影响.该方法通过对数值重构出的两个聚焦与非聚焦面上粒子复振幅相减,将直透光、孪生像和离焦粒子像对聚焦粒子的影响同时减小,因此提高和改善了聚焦粒子再现像的对比度.在同轴数字全息层析再现粒子场过程中,该方法适用于在某一聚焦面仅显示聚焦粒子.此外,该过程仅需要一张全息图,而且不需要对全息图做预前和后期处理.给出了简要理论以及仿真、实验结果.     

一种基于频谱分析的离焦深度自动对焦法

通过计算2幅不同离焦位置的图像频谱的径向分布,推算出目标物体的离焦深度,从而调 整镜头位置完成自动对焦。算法适用于任意目标物体,尽管是基于频谱的,但是并不需要计算离焦图像的频谱,算法精度可达4%,鲁棒性良好。     

Gyrator变换计算全息图及其新型编码方法

基于gyrator变换数值算法和计算全息理论提出了gyrator变换计算全息图,采用罗曼编码方法制作出了在不同变换角度下的gyrator变换计算全息图并实现了相应的数字再现,其再现规律与相关文献报道的gyrator变换全息图的再现规律一致,表明制作gyrator变换计算全息图是可行的。在此基础上提出了一种新的计算全息编码方法即梯形等效面积编码方法,该方法能有效提高在单个抽样单元中进行相位编码时的相位量化级数。应用该编码方法完成了傅里叶变换计算全息图的产生和数字再现的仿真实验,实验表明采用新型编码方法的离轴物体的计算全息图能实现零级衍射成像。采用新型编码方法也实现了gyrator变换计算全息图的产生和数字再现的仿真实验。上述实验结果表明本文提出的新型编码方法是可行的和有效的。     

基于离焦状态模糊显微图像反馈的微操作方法

提出了一种基于离焦状态模糊显微图像反馈的微操作方法,此方法关键在于提取离焦状态显微图像的三维位置信息.给出了基于系统辨识的显微图像深度信息提取方法和扫描线算法,分别用于提取离焦状态显微图像的深度信息和平面位置信息,上述方法在精度和效率两方面均达到在线应用水平.进一步,将上述方法应用于微操作机器人系统,成功完成了离焦状态双针互插实验.这样,微操作在聚焦状态和离焦状态下均可进行,也就将微操作机器人的工作空间在Z方向(光轴方向)进行了拓展,实验条件下,从聚焦区内约2μm范围扩展到聚焦带上下70μm.     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

光学显微镜下微小物体的三维重构

本文提出了基于数字图像处理和精密机械动作大于光学显微镜观察视野(0.647 min×0.483 mm)的微小物体的三维重构方法.该方法首先运用光学聚焦原理采集不同焦平面上的图像组序列,采用图像拼接算法,拼接出研究对象的整体图像.然后采用图像块分割算法和灰度差分算子对图像序列进行分析.最后结合聚焦合成的叠合算法快速地实现了微小物体的三维重构.实验表明,该方法简单有效,所生成的三维重构效果图提供了微小物体的更加丰富的信息.     

同轴数字全息视频动态跟踪处理实验

用数字全息进行动态观测时,由于不同物体记录距离不同,且不断地变化,再现像不能始终处于清晰状态。本文提出了利用同轴数字全息视频技术实现在三维空间内对运动物体进行连续动态观测的方法,研究了其中的动态跟踪聚焦算法和视频处理算法。利用上一帧再现像中观测物体的中心位置作为下一帧全息再现中聚焦窗口的中心位置,使聚焦窗口始终跟随观测目标移动,从而保证处理全息视频时每一帧再现像都能准确自动聚焦,使再现视频中要观测的目标始终处于清晰状态。采用上一帧的聚焦距离为下一帧再现距离的搜索中心、避免处理不同全息图时的重复运算等方式来提高数字全息视频的处理速度。实验结果表明,本文提出的数字全息视频成像技术能实现在三维空间内对某一特定运动物体进行连续动态观测。     

采用BP神经网络优化的振动信号压缩感知方法

无线传感网络逐渐应用于结构健康监测,但是因能耗问题难以实现长期、高频的数据采集工作。压缩感知技术可利用少量的采样点重构原始信号,有望降低无线传感网络的能耗。实测振动信号因受到噪声干扰而导致稀疏性有限,常用于压缩感知的LASSO算法难以精确求解稀疏系数,进而影响振动信号重构效果。引入BP神经网络优化LASSO算法解得的稀疏系数,BP神经网络经ADAM优化算法训练后,可有效提升振动信号重构精度。用三层框架结构的模拟加速度数据和广州塔的监测加速度数据验证方法的有效性,并探讨了正则化参数和优化迭代次数的影响。结果表明,基于BP神经网络优化的压缩感知方法的信号重构效果在不同压缩率下均优于非优化的压缩感知方法。     

一种基于压缩感知的全变分图像去噪算法

针对传统图像去噪方法的不足,提出了一种基于压缩感知的全变分正则化图像去噪算法,利用基于压缩感知算法中的TVAL3算法对含噪图像进行图像重构和噪声去除.通过对比该算法与OMP(Orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)与SP(Subspace pursuit,SP)算法的峰值信噪比和重构时间,发现在采样率为0.4和0.8时,该算法的峰值信噪比提高都在3dB以上,时间方面也有明显提升;随着采样率的提升,算法所需的迭代次数越来越少;采样率为0.4时,所需的迭代次数为78次,但采样率在0.8时,迭代次数减少到57次,所需时间越来越短.实验结果表明,该算法的重构效果明显优于其它压缩感知重建算法,能够很好地进行图像重构和噪声去除.     

基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法

目的为了解决传统压缩感知图像重构方法存在的重构时间长、重构图像质量不高等问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法。方法基于生成对抗网络思想设计一种由具有稀疏采样功能的鉴别器和具有图像重构功能的生成器组成的深度学习网络模型,利用对抗损失和重构损失2个部分组成的新的损失函数对网络参数进行优化,完成图像压缩重构过程。结果实验表明,文中方法在12.5%的低采样率下重构时间为0.009s,相较于常用的OMP算法、CoSaMP算法、SP算法和IRLS算法,其峰值信噪比(PSNR)提高了10～12 dB。结论文中设计的方法应用于图像重构时重构时间短,在低采样率下仍能获得高质量的重构效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.