使用泡沫铜增强相变材料换热性能的实验研究

针对有机相变材料(PCM)导热系数较低的缺点,通过实验研究了添加通孔泡沫铜金属材料增强相变材料导热系数的方法。选择脂肪酸二元低共熔混合物相变材料作为蓄热介质,通过对其进行DSC测试分析,得到其相变温度和相变潜热。对壳管式潜热蓄热系统填充介质为纯PCM与PCM/泡沫铜复合相变材料两种工况下的熔化过程进行对比实验研究。实验数据表明,与纯PCM蓄热系统相比,添加泡沫铜的蓄热系统换热性能得到增强,整个蓄热器内PCM达到相变温度的时间仅为纯PCM系统的22.5%。     

蓄冷空调中有机相变材料机理研究

选取相变温度在5℃~8℃之间的有机相变材料(PCM)进行实验,分别对其进行氧化改性、酯化改性、接枝改性的实验,通过反应接入羟基、羧基、羰基等极性基团,从而使得极性基团与直链烷烃上的氢原子结合形成氢键,最后使得有机混合相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热发生变化,再利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅里叶红外变化光谱分析仪(FTIR)对改性后的PCM进行了热物性的详细研究。实验显示,氧化产物中虽然接入极性基团,但由于原PCM化学键的破坏,链长的断裂,导致相变潜热降低。因此,在保证链长不变的情况下进行接枝改性,导入极性基团,增大分子间作用力,使得相变温度和相变潜热的提升。     

相变通风屋顶的供热节能优化设计研究

提出太阳能相变屋顶系统(主要由太阳能空气集热系统、相变通风屋顶组成),将两种相变材料(PCM1、PCM2,PCM1用于供冷期蓄冷,相变温度在35℃左右。PCM2用于供暖期蓄热,相变温度在18℃左右)及风道(预制在钢筋混凝土板内,供冷期利用夜间低温空气冷却屋顶与PCM1,供暖期利用太阳能空气集热器出口热空气加热屋顶与PCM2)预制在屋顶内,形成相变通风屋顶(由上至下的基本结构为保护层、防水层、找坡层、保温层、找平层、PCM1、钢筋混凝土板),实现供冷期夜间蓄冷日间吸热、供暖期日间蓄热夜间放热。针对供暖工况,采用模拟方法,结合评价指标,对相变通风屋顶中相变材料(由于供暖工况PCM1不发生相变,因此研究对象为相变材料PCM2)的相变温度、结构(即相变材料位置)、相变材料厚度进行优化选取。A型相变通风屋顶将PCM2设置在PCM1与钢筋混凝土板之间,B型相变通风屋顶将PCM2设置在钢筋混凝土板下面,C型相变通风屋顶将PCM2设置在预制风道外圈。PCM2的最佳相变温度为18~20℃,最优结构为B型相变通风屋顶,PCM2最佳厚度为30 mm。与无相变通风屋顶(将B型相变通风屋顶中的30 mm厚PCM2相变材料替换成相同厚度的水泥砂浆,保留预制风道,其他各层材料及厚度均保持不变)相比,最佳相变通风屋顶(PCM2相变温度为18~20℃、厚度为30 mm的B型相变通风屋顶)的各项评价指标均更优。     

建筑材料的研究进展与温度-时间响应测定

相变储能材料是相变物质与普通建筑材料复合而成的一种新型储能建筑材料,本文在对相变材料的筛选、相变材料的制备和相变材料的评价技术现状进行分析的基础上,对相变储能材料的相变储能控温保温机理进行了详细地描述,指出相变建筑材料的主要应用方式均为将相变材料加入围护结构中,设计了1维条件下的相变-保温复合结构,对其进行测定,以研究加入相变材料后,对保温系统内部温度分布的基本规律,在此基础上,设计了周期性温度变化环境下,以相变-保温复合结构为围护结构的3维环境内的温度一时问响应关系,结果表明在采用PCM材料部分取代EPS板后,其最高温度降低了16.1℃,降温总时间延长750min以上.     

相变储能建筑材料的研究进展与温度-时间响应测定

相变储能材料是相变物质与普通建筑材料复合而成的一种新型储能建筑材料,本文在对相变材料的筛选、相变材料的制备和相变材料的评价技术现状进行分析的基础上,对相变储能材料的相变储能控温保温机理进行了详细地描述,指出相变建筑材料的主要应用方式均为将相变材料加入围护结构中,设计了1维条件下的相变一保温复合结构,对其进行测定,以研究加入相变材料后．对保温系统内部温度分布的基本规律,在此基础上,设计了周期性温度变化环境下,以相变一保温复合结构为围护结构的3维环境内的温度一时间响应关系,结果表明在采用PCM材料部分取代EPS板后,其最高温度降低了16．1℃,降温总时间延长750min以上、     

双层定型相变围护结构夏季热特性实验研究

以石蜡作为相变材料(Phase Change Material,PCM),高密度聚乙烯作为支撑材料,膨胀石墨作为导热增强剂,制成定型相变板。将制备的相变材料板以"三明治"形式贴于轻质实验房南墙内外侧,实验房内侧相变板相变温度约为17～26℃,在冬季发挥保温作用;外侧相变板相变温度约为26～36℃,在夏季发挥隔热作用。对其在夏热冬冷典型城市武汉地区应用的热特性进行实验研究,结果表明,定型相变材料板状态稳定、性能优良。夏季外侧相变墙发挥作用,能够很好地吸收太阳辐射的热量,降低并延缓室内温度峰值,可降低建筑冷负荷,提高室内环境热舒适性。     

PEG/MDI/丙三醇三元共聚固-固相变材料的研究

采用预聚法合成了以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段,4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和丙三醇的反应链段为硬段的固-固相变材料(PCM).用FTIR、POM、WXRD、DSC、TG等方法对材料进行分析,结果表明,该材料具有嵌段交联的聚氨酯结构,其相变过程为固-固相变,其相变的实质是软段的聚乙二醇由结晶态向无定型态转变的过程.当引入的硬段含量为8.5%时,聚乙二醇的相变温度和相变焓分别降低至54.05℃和110.9 J/g,PCM的初始分解温度为384.369℃,比纯PEG的初始分解温度(296.54℃)提高了29.61%.     

基于相变材料与液冷结合的锂离子电池热管理研究

相变材料与液冷结合冷却方式是目前锂离子电池热管理的有效方法,通过对比锂离子电池在自然对流冷却、相变材料冷却和相-液冷却3种工况下电池温度变化,分析相-液冷却对电池的热管理和电化学性能影响。结果表明,相-液冷却可以有效降低锂离子电池温度,保证电池处于正常工作温度,同时电池的电化学性能更加稳定。     

相变材料热物性参数对相变窗动态传热特性的影响研究

为提高夏热冬冷地区相变玻璃窗的保温隔热性能,本文建立相变玻璃窗动态传热的数值模型,搭建了相变玻璃窗和中空玻璃窗动态传热特性对比实验装置。在夏季晴天和阴雨天条件下进行实验测量,结果表明:相变玻璃窗(MG29)在夏季气候条件下能起到良好的保温隔热作用和调节空调系统峰值负荷的作用,夏季晴天时,通过相变玻璃窗传入室内的热量相比于中空玻璃窗降低18.3%。在实验的基础上,通过数值模拟计算研究相变材料的物性参数对相变玻璃窗动态传热特性的影响。结果表明:随着相变材料相变潜热的增大,相变玻璃窗调节室内温度波动和调节空调系统峰值负荷的能力增强:适合于该地区相变玻璃窗中应用的相变材料的相变温度在25℃~31℃之间;为提高相变玻璃窗的保温隔热性能,应尽量减小相变材料的相变温度区间。     

水冷型PV/T系统的高效利用与发展现状

在光伏光热系统(PV/T)中为提高其电效率并高效利用低品位热能,近年来对于冷却工质及其工作方式的研究越来越多。其中,水冷式以其方便直接使用、无需二次换热、良好的光学特性和高热容量等优点,受到了广泛的理论研究和实验测试。通过以效率的视角探究光伏覆盖率、背管分布形式等影响流体冷却能力的因素,并结合相变PV/T、PV/T矩阵等PV/T未来发展新趋势,为今后水冷型PV/T系统进一步高效实验提供了研究方向。     

相变材料蓄冷堆积床的优化设计

根据相变材料蓄冷堆积床的传热特性,提出了一种堆积床的优化设计方法。以一种新型相变材料为蓄冷媒介,以堆积床的总费用为优化目标,以蓄冷量、蓄冷时间及载冷流体温度作为约束条件建立优化模型,得出了给定蓄冷量条件下系统初投资和年运行费用总和最低时的蓄冷单元数量、定性尺寸和换热流体温差等优化参数。定量分析了谷峰电价比对系统运行电费的影响。     

Thermal performance of latent heat storage for free cooling of buildings in a dry and hot climate: An experimental study

Experimental studies on the Phase Change Material (PCM) storage unit for building ventilation in dry and hot climates were conducted to determine its thermal performance. The PCM unit stored the night time coolness and used it for cooling the hot ambient air during day time. The influence of air flow rate and the inlet air temperature on cold accumulation in PCM during charging process and cold extraction from the PCM during discharging process were analyzed. The air temperatures used for charging of PCM were 20^oC, 22^oC and 24^oC, while during the discharging process, it was at 36^oC, 38^oC and 40^oC. The air flow rates considered for charging of PCM were 4 and 5 m³/hr/kg of PCM. Experimental observations showed that solidification of PCM was more sensitive to the charging air temperature compared to the air flow rate. When the charging air temperature was reduced from 22^oC to 20^oC, ∼33% less time was needed to completely solidify the PCM. Moreover, when the charging temperature was increased from 22^oC to 24^oC, ∼52% more time was required by the PCM to complete the solidification process. Changing the air flow rate from 4 m³/hr to 5 m³/hr reduced the solidification time period up to ∼16%.     

Study on phase change material and its appropriate thickness for controlling solar cell module temperature

ABSTRACT

Appropriate thickness of phase change material (PCM) to control the solar cell module temperature for increasing power generation was carried out. A PCM, RUBITHERM RT42, with the melting point at 42°C and a thickness of 50?mm was used to absorb heat at the back of a 250?W_p polycrystalline solar cell. A numerical enthalpy method to predict the melting phenomenon of the PCM, RT35, 42, 47, and 55, and the solar cell module temperature was developed. The results agreed well with those of the experimental data. It was found that the maximum generated power was around 167?W in comparison with 147?W of the normal unit at a solar radiation of 867?W/m². The daily power outputs were 0.707 and 0.642?kWh, respectively. From the simulation under Chiang Mai climate, for RT42 PCM, it was found that the appropriate thickness was around 40?mm.     

复合相变墙体应用于被动式太阳房的初步研究

以冬季日照率较高、太阳辐射强度大的北京地区为研究对象,依据建筑热物理学、传热学以及相变贮能理论,结合计算机模拟分析以及实验的方法,研究了复合相变墙体材料在被动式太阳房中应用的可行性,为相变蓄热技术以及可再生能源在建筑节能中的应用提供参考.     

Novel concept of composite phase change material wall system for year-round thermal energy savings

A new type of composite wall system incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) was proposed and its potential for air conditioning/heating energy savings in continental temperate climate was evaluated. The novelty of the wall system consists of the fact that two PCM wallboards, impregnated with different PCMs are used. The structure of the new wall system is that of a three-layer sandwich-type insulating panel with outer layers consisting of PCM wallboards and middle layer conventional thermal insulation. The PCM wallboard layers have different functions: the external layer has a higher value of the PCM melting point and it is active during hot season and the internal layer with a PCM melting point near set point temperature for heating is active during cold season. A year-round simulation of a room built using the new wall system was carried out and the effect of PCM presence into the structure of the wall system was assessed. It was found that the new wall system contributes to annual energy savings and reduces the peak value of the cooling/heating loads. The melting point values for the two PCMs resulting in the highest value of the energy savings were identified.     

A heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system and its performance evaluation

Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system has been considered as an attractive technology for building integration. The main part of a BIPV/T system is PV/T collector. In order to solve the non-uniform cooling of solar PV cells and control the operating temperature of solar PV cells conveniently, a heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system (collector) has been proposed and described by selecting a wick heat pipe to absorb isothermally the excessive heat from solar PV cells. A theoretical model in terms of heat transfer process analysis in PV module panel and introducing the effectiveness-number of transfer unit (?-NTU) method in heat exchanger design was developed to predict the overall thermal-electrical conversion performances of the heat pipe PV/T system. A detailed parametric investigation by varying relevant parameters, i.e., inlet water temperature, water mass flow rate, packing factor of solar cell and heat loss coefficient has been carried out on the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results show that the overall thermal, electrical and exergy efficiencies of the heat pipe PV/T hybrid system corresponding to 63.65%, 8.45% and 10.26%, respectively can be achieved under the operating conditions presented in this paper. The varying range of operating temperature for solar cell on the absorber plate is less than 2.5 °C. The heat pipe PV/T hybrid system is viable and exhibits the potential and competitiveness over the other conventional BIPV/T systems.     

太阳能跟踪器光伏面板风荷载体型系数的数值模拟研究

风荷载对太阳能跟踪器结构的稳定性以及跟踪的精确性有很大的影响。首先对各国可用于光伏支架风荷载计算的规范及经验公式进行介绍,然后通过CFD数值风洞对太阳能跟踪器光伏面板简化模型的风荷载体型系数进行了模拟,并把所得到的结果与相应的各国规范及经验公式进行了对比。分析结果表明,在各风向角下,随着光伏面板仰角的增加,其体型系数的均值会不断增大;仰角同为30°的平板与抛物面板的体型系数有较大的差异;ASCE7-10规范不能很好地适用于光伏面板风荷载计算;使用我国规范进行光伏支架设计偏保守,用钢量偏大。根据数值模拟分析以及与不同规范对比分析,提出了适用于现阶段我国太阳能跟踪器光伏面板风荷载体型系数取值的方法。     

Experimental investigation on a hybrid solar collector to predict safe operating condition

Solar energy, a non-polluting source of power generation is widely used in the recent times in many engineering applications. While using this solar energy on the solar panels with a tracking system, the panel gets damaged due to excess radiation. To overcome this problem, in the present work, fins and PCM (Phase Change Material) are used to reduce the temperature of the panel and thereby increases its life. Fins and PCM are attached to the photovoltaic panel and experiments were conducted with fins and PCM and the results are compared without fins and PCM. The experiment is conducted in the following means namely, tracking and without tracking. Besides, the temperature, voltage and current are measured and hence the power output was evaluated.     

屋面相变砖实验研究

利用相变过程中的潜热,相变材料能在建筑屋面上做隔热应用.利用差示扫描量热仪对石蜡类相变材料进行了实验研究,研究一种液体类有机材料分别与固体石蜡A和固体石蜡B混合制成复合相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热,并进行DSC分析.结果表明,复合相变材料与高密度聚乙烯以70:30的比利用熔融共混法制备定形相变材料,能将复合相变材料包裹住,使其在发生固一液相变过程中不会发生渗漏.且高密度聚乙烯的存在对复合相变材料的热物理性能影响很小.