电厂锅炉化学清洗废水处理及回收利用

本文以某发电厂为案例，对其废水处理及回收利用进行调查，根据各阶段的废水处理过程，污水成分的特点，将各个阶段的污水进行分级收集，针对电厂污水分别采用了不同的处理方案，达到了零排放的目标。     

高浓度有机废水处理技术

对高浓度有机废水处理技术进展进行了述评，认为生物处理技术是高浓度有机废水处理系统中最重要的过程之一，但高浓度有机废水的治理方法，往往是两种或三种方法同时进行处理。最后，从绿色化学和技术的角度出发，认为工业生产技术的绿色化，对环境污染从源头上减少或消除起决定性作用。     

煤炭洗选废水处理利用技术综述

根据不同企业的实际情况 ,因地制宜地选择合理的洗选废水处理技术 ,对节约矿物资源、水资源及保护环境均有重要意义。介绍了洗煤废水的特征及处理技术 ,建议向规模化、系统化、现代化的高效管理方向发展     

酸性矿山废水的污染与处理研究

简要介绍当前处理酸性矿山废水的技术，并对近年来酸性矿山废水的相关研究成果进行了总结，指出发展高效、廉价、安全及操作简便的酸性矿山废水处理技术的必要性和必然性。     

含铊废水处理技术研究进展

梳理归纳了含铊废水处理常用方法,包括氧化法、沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、生物法、膜法等,对比分析了不同方法的适用条件及处理效果。同时,结合国内铊污染管控现状,讨论了在工业含铊废水处理、河流铊污染应急处理、自来水厂含铊原水处理等不同环境下综合除铊技术研究进展。最后,对含铊废水处理技术发展方向及应用前景进行了展望,认为针对不同环境下含铊废水特征,研发高效、适用、经济的联合处理工艺和专业化复合除铊剂将是加快含铊废水处理技术应用的有效途径。     

优势菌技术在废水处理中的应用

论述优势菌技术在各种废水处理中的应用，表明使用高效优势菌的处理装置可在相同的停留时间内达到更好的处理效果，或在同样的处理效果时完成更大处理量或缩短停留时间。对难降解污染物的高效降解菌的选育与应用研究是当前生物处理的重要方向之一。     

生物质气化洗焦废水处理技术的研究进展

对国内外生物质气化洗焦废水的主要处理技术进行了综述，阐述了各种方法和工艺的优缺点及其研究现状，并提出生物处理技术以及相关的新工艺将是今后气化洗焦废水处理技术的发展趋势。     

规模化猪场粪污处理实例

猪场废水是高浓度有机废水，采用以UASB反应器为主要处理单元的生物处理工艺处理；工程实践证明，该工艺不仅投资省，运行费用低，而且产生可供利用的沼气，实现了猪场废水处理的资源化。     

煤加压气化废水处理方法浅谈

处理煤气废水减少环境危害 ,在尚无特别有效处理方法的情况下 ,用一级、二经及深度处理方法互补 ,可提高处理效果 ,并可将废水处理后再复用于煤气净化系统 ,是控制煤气废水污染的一种较好途径。     

含重金属废水处理技术

叙述了含重金属废水处理的化学、物理及生物方法,指出,含重金属废水的生物处理法在改善环境生态的同时,还具有很高社会效益,有广阔的开发前景。     

内陆AP1000放射性废液处理工艺改进分析

为满足内陆核电厂放射性废液排放标准,在分析AP1000放射性废液来源和放射性废液处理系统的基础上,结合目前国内外成熟的放射性废液处理工艺,提出了“絮凝沉淀＋过滤＋CsTreat?＋离子交换”为主的处理工艺,并对改进工艺进行了可行性评价,该改进工艺可为内陆核电厂放射性废液处理系统设计提供借鉴。     

Relationships between Viscosity and Density Measurements of Biodiesel Fuels

Abstract

The viscosity values of vegetable oils vary between 27.2 and 53.6 mm²/s, whereas those of vegetable oil methyl esters between 3.59 and 4.63 mm²/s. The viscosity values of vegetable oil methyl esters highly decreases after transesterification process. Compared to no. 2 diesel fuel, all of the vegetable oil methyl esters were slightly viscous. The flash point values of vegetable oil methyl esters are highly lower than those of vegetable oils. The flash point values of vegetable oil methyl esters are highly lower than those of vegetable oils. An increase in density from 860 to 885 kg/m³ for vegetable oil methyl esters or biodiesels increases the viscosity from 3.59 to 4.63 mm²/s, and the increases are highly regular. There is high regression between density and viscosity values vegetable oil methyl esters. The relationships between viscosity and flash point for vegetable oil methyl esters are irregular. An increase in density from 860 to 885 kg/m³ for vegetable oil methyl esters increases the flash point from 401 to 453 K, and the increases are slightly regular.     

微藻生物膜去污技术应用研究进展

文章综述了微藻生物膜净化污水和生产生物燃料等方面的国内外最新成果,阐述了典型微藻去污生物膜系统的运行情况、综合效益、优缺点和推广价值,并对微藻生物膜去污技术存在的问题及关键技术进展及发展趋势进行了分析,就微藻生物膜去污技术的规模化及产业化应用提出了建议,以期为微藻生物膜去污技术的成熟和规模应用提供理论和实践支撑。     

固定化微生物技术降解石油废水研究进展

介绍了固定化微生物的起源、发展过程、制备材料、制备方法以及特点和优点。重点介绍了固定化微生物技术处理油田采油废水、石油加工废水和含石油成分废水的应用研究。对固定化微生物技术的优缺点进行了总结,其优点是可大幅提高微生物浓度、减少反应器体积、提高代谢活性和抗毒性、抗负荷冲击能力强、反应启动快、处理效率高、运行稳定、产污泥量少等;不足之处是可供固定的微生物种类较少,载体的费用较高。高效降解有机物的机理是载体有空穴结构,利于微生物的固定化,为微生物的生长和繁殖提供了良好的环境;载体可减轻水力负荷的冲击,受氧扩散的限制,载体内部产生缺氧区域,为厌氧、兼性和好氧处理的同步进行创造了条件;厌氧和好氧混合菌可加速生物转化,载体能在单位容积内提供巨大比表面积利于生物膜的生长。分析认为固定化微生物是极具发展前景的生物处理技术,提出了未来重要研究方向应为固定化材料的优化与组合、优势菌种的筛选和驯化、与其他处理技术联用等。     

Impacts of US biodiesel mandates on world vegetable oil markets

In this paper we seek to understand the impact of expanded use of soybean oil biodiesel to address biofuel mandates on global vegetable oil markets, and in particular on the demand for palm oil. An open-economy equilibrium model is derived to investigate the market effects of biodiesel expansion on related energy and vegetable oil markets. The model is calibrated to represent the recent benchmark data in calendar year 2014. The simulation estimates suggest that the expanded use of soy oil for biodiesel in the US will have considerable impacts on world vegetable oil markets. The majority of the vegetable oil replacement is likely to occur through substitution of palm oil under a wide range of plausible elasticity values on the demand for vegetable oil and the demand substitution between soy oils and palm oils.     

Co-liquefaction of swine manure with waste vegetable oil for enhanced bio-oil production

Waste vegetable oil was co-liquefied with swine manure to determine the bio-oil potential in this study. The result shows that co-liquefaction of waste vegetable oil with swine manure can improve the bio-oil production and decarboxylation of waste vegetable oil. The weight ratio of swine manure to waste vegetable oil exerted a great effect on both the yield and quality of the bio-oil. The optimum weight ratio of swine manure to waste cooking oil was 1:3, where a maximum oil yield of 80% was obtained with higher calorific value up to 38 MJ/kg.     

Comparative study of heat transfer and wetting behaviour of conventional and bioquenchants for industrial heat treatment

An investigation was conducted to study the suitability of vegetable oils as bioquenchants for industrial heat treatment. The study involved the assessment of the severity of quenching and wetting behaviour of conventional and vegetable oil quench media. Quench severities of sunflower, coconut and palm oils were found to be greater than mineral oil. The quench severity of aqueous media is greater than oil media although their wettability is poor as indicated by their higher contact angles. A dimensionless contact angle parameter defined in this work is found to be a better parameter to compare the wetting behaviour with heat transfer.     

Adsorption heat pumps for providing coupled heating and cooling effects in olive oil mills

The olive oil mill wastewater presents serious environmental threats. In this study, adsorption heat pumps utilizing zeolite coatings were proposed for olive oil mills as a helping tool for the treatment of wastewater, as well as for providing a cooling effect, which may especially be useful to prevent thermal deterioration of the olive oil. The performance of a heat pump using two adsorbers operating with waste heat was determined for different operating conditions. It was established that a sufficiently high amount of olive oil wastewater might be treated in such a system when a suitable source of waste heat is used for heating the adsorbers of the heat pump. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance evaluation of a vegetable oil fuelled compression ignition engine

Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, etc. are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have high-energy content. This study was carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil and linseed oil methyl ester (LOME), in a stationary single cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine and compare it with mineral diesel. The linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil and LOME were blended with diesel in different proportions. Baseline data for diesel fuel was collected. Engine tests were performed using all these blends of linseed, mahua, rice bran, and LOME. Straight vegetable oils posed operational and durability problems when subjected to long-term usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of vegetable oils. However, these problems were not observed for LOME blends. Hence, process of transesterification is found to be an effective method of reducing vegetable oil viscosity and eliminating operational and durability problems. Economic analysis was also done in this study and it is found that use of vegetable oil and its derivative as diesel fuel substitutes has almost similar cost as that of mineral diesel.     

微氧和铜对植物绝缘油热老化特性的影响

在变压器运行过程中因储油罐与空气作用或密封设备发生泄漏,会导致绝缘油中溶解微量的氧气,且因植物绝缘油因不饱和脂肪酸含量较高而更易氧化。植物绝缘油酸值远高于矿物绝缘油,油中低分子有机酸对金属材料有腐蚀作用,且油中过渡金属离子对绝缘油的氧化有一定的催化作用。为此,研究了微氧和铜作用下植物绝缘油的热老化特性,分析了不同老化时间下油样的电气性能、油色谱特性。结果表明,相较于微氧作用,铜对植物绝缘油的热老化促进作用更为明显;植物油纸绝缘热老化特征气体为CO2、C2H6。