铜的应用现状与展望

长久以来，铜的应用一直在发展，而且几乎改变着我们生活中的每一个侧面。从厨房炊具到核废料容器，到纳米技术，铜的应用面是多种多样的。本文探讨了眼下正在进行着的一些研究项目，如铜电机转子、铜绕组涡轮机、结构化铜布线以及抗微生物合金等，并进一步分析其今后的发展。     

浅析中国铜废碎料市场现状及发展趋势

我国属于铜消费大国，同时也是铜资源贫乏的国家。对废杂铜资源进行再生利用，是缓解我国铜原料供给紧张的重要方面。本文对我国废杂铜市场的发展现状进行了简要的分析，在此基础上提出了目前我国废杂铜市场中存在的一些问题，并对市场发展趋势进行了简要的阐述。     

铜包铝复合导体检测方法标准的研究

本文针对铜包铝复合导体生产过程中铜层平均厚度无法快速有效确定的问题，通过系统研究铜和铝为材料的复合导体的导电特性，提出铜包铝复合导体铜覆层厚度检验方法。     

辽宁省朝阳县康杖子铜钼多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

康杖子铜钼多金属矿区位于肖家营子铜钼矿区南东2km处，与肖家营子铜钼矿床具有相同的成矿地质条件。文章在总结康杖子铜钼多金属矿区成矿地质特征基础上，通过与肖家营子大型铜钼矿床成矿地质条件对比分析，认为康杖子区具有良好的铜钼多金属找矿前景，提出了康杖子区下一步找矿方向。     

电化学退铜工艺的改进

不良电沉积铜镀层需要退除再重新电镀，经渗碳后的保护铜层也要进行去铜处理，所以，铜镀层的退镀在表面处理工艺中是必不可少的。传统的除铜处理，无论是化学方法，还是电化学方法大多都离不开铬酐，而铬酐是剧毒物质，对环境的污染和人体健康的威胁是不容忽视的。由于铬...     

空调行业“铝代铜”发展前景无法预测

针对近期空调行业爆发的“铝代铜”口水战，一直保持沉默的国际铜业协会昨日向《每日经济新闻》发来声明称，铜作为空调连接管的材料，其承压、抗疲劳、抗腐蚀性能优于铝是有科学依据的事实。在抑茵指数方面，铝的相关指数也远低于铜，“铝代铜”的发展前景仍无法预测。而铜铝管作为近两年刚面世的新产品，其耐电化学腐蚀、疲劳破坏，     

大截面直流铜母线制作安装技术创新做法

金隆20万吨电解车间直流母线使用6×TMY-300×20铜母线，铜母线截面积和单位载流量在国内铜电解行业具有一定的先进性和代表性，我单位针对铜母线的制作和安装，进行了充分的准备，并对传统工艺进行了改进，保证了工期和质量。     

发电机内冷水中铜缓蚀剂研究

针对发电机空心铜导线的腐蚀问题，研究一种新型铜缓蚀剂。结果表明，该缓蚀剂与目前常用的铜缓蚀剂相比，具有更好的保护效果，是一种主要阻滞阳极过程的混合型缓蚀剂。     

铜离子掺杂对TiO2纳米颗粒膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法在普通的载玻片上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和过渡金属Cu离子掺杂TiO2薄膜。通过XRD，UV－VIS，XPS，AFM表征了合成的薄膜，表明铜离子掺入后，薄膜变得更加致密。铜离子以Cu2O的形式存在。在紫外光照射下，TiO2薄膜表现出明显的亲水性。对于掺铜的TiO2薄膜，随着铜掺杂量的增加，铜（I）对亲水性能的抑制作用亦增强。     

铜表面2-芳基苯并咪唑铜配合物膜结构及其热稳定性研究

测定了6种2-芳基苯并咪唑化合物在铜表面所成膜的XPS谱，并对该膜的模拟化合物进行了热失重、差热分析测试，对膜的结构和耐热性能进行了研究。结果表明在铜表面苯并咪唑化合物与铜发生了配位化学反应并进而形成了铜表面膜，该铜表面膜的致密程度在200℃以下随着热处理温度的提高而提高；2位取代基的改变对芳基苯并咪唑-铜配合物的热稳定性有影响。     

氧压酸浸处理锌焙砂中浸渣的新工艺研究

锌焙砂一般采用中性-低酸-高酸三段浸出工序,该工艺在酸浸出中浸渣的过程中,铁也大量浸出进入到溶液中,加重了净化电积前除铁的负担。通过将传统锌湿法冶金工艺与氧压酸浸新工艺相结合,研究了氧压酸浸处理中浸渣的氧气压力、硫酸浓度、温度、浸出时间、粒度、液固比和分散剂等相关因素的影响。实验结果表明该工艺不仅提高了锌的浸出率（〉98％）,降低了铁的浸出率（〈50％）,缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,具有良好的经济效益;而且还具有环境友好和资源利用率高等优点,实现了简化工艺和节能减排的目的,为工业化生产提供了参考．     

Biological and chemical removal of Cr(VI) from waste water: cost and benefit analysis

The objective of the present study is cost and benefit analysis of biological and chemical removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] ions. Cost and benefit analysis were done with refer to two separate studies on removal of Cr(VI), one of heavy metals with a crucial role concerning increase in environmental pollution and disturbance of ecological balance, through biological adsorption and chemical ion-exchange. Methods of biological and chemical removal were compared with regard to their cost and percentage in chrome removal. According to the result of the comparison, cost per unit in chemical removal was calculated 0.24 euros and the ratio of chrome removal was 99.68%, whereas those of biological removal were 0.14 and 59.3% euros. Therefore, it was seen that cost per unit in chemical removal and chrome removal ratio were higher than those of biological removal method. In the current study where chrome removal is seen as immeasurable benefit in terms of human health and the environment, percentages of chrome removal were taken as measurable benefit and cost per unit of the chemicals as measurable cost.     

单组份聚氨酯炮孔填塞剂应用性试验

炮孔填塞是爆破施工过程中的一个关键环节,也是践行精细爆破设计理论的重要措施。传统的炮泥填塞存在着诸多不足,为此,研制了以聚氨酯为基材的TK炮孔填塞剂,通过大量基础性能研究和隧道现场工业性试验,论证了其作为炮孔填塞材料可降低炸药单耗,提高单循环进尺和炮孔利用率,减小空气冲击波、爆破噪声等有害效应的影响,且是安全可靠的。TK炮孔填塞剂优良的填塞效果、方便快捷的施工方法及显著的经济效益,方便于在爆破工程中推广应用。     

单组份聚氨酯炮孔填塞剂应用性试验

炮孔填塞是爆破施工过程中的一个关键环节,也是践行精细爆破设计理论的重要措施。传统的炮泥填塞存在着诸多不足,为此,研制了以聚氨酯为基材的TK炮孔填塞剂,通过大量基础性能研究和隧道现场工业性试验,论证了其作为炮孔填塞材料可降低炸药单耗,提高单循环进尺和炮孔利用率,减小空气冲击波、爆破噪声等有害效应的影响,且是安全可靠的。TK炮孔填塞剂优良的填塞效果、方便快捷的施工方法及显著的经济效益,方便于在爆破工程中推广应用。     

大型筒体对轮强力旋压成形特征与规律研究

目的 研究大直径薄壁筒体在对轮强力旋压过程中的应力–应变分布情况和材料流动特征,探明减薄率、进给比和主轴转速等工艺参数对成形结果的影响规律。方法 利用Forge仿真平台建立2.25 m级5052铝合金筒体对轮强力旋压的有限元模型,分析筒体成形过程中的应力–应变状态和主要工艺参数对成形精度与旋压成形力的影响规律。结果 在对轮旋压成形过程中,筒体内外侧应力–应变呈对称分布,成形区域内材料呈扇形流动。工艺参数对成形工件壁厚精度和旋压成形力的影响主次顺序为:减薄率＞进给比>主轴转速。结论 各工艺参数的增大均会降低工件的壁厚精度,减薄率和进给比的增大会引起旋压成形力增大,而主轴转速增大会使旋压成形力轻微减小。     

Software process fusion by combining pair and solo programming

The role of pair programming in software development is controversial. This is due partly to the relatively unclear benefit of pair programming over solo programming. There have been arguments either way and there have been studies to show that one is more cost-effective than the others. Rather than investigating into pair vs. solo programming here, we present a new process model combining both together. This paper argues and shows, with two case studies, that the fusing of pair and solo programming processes may actually be better than adopting either alone. In the proposed model called software process fusion (SPF), a donor and a recipient process can be defined and if some transfer conditions are met, one process can be converted into another to achieve tasks with minimal costs. The transfer conditions we define is related to a software fusion ratio (SFR). SFR can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an SPF model. In our case studies, we observed that, with SPF, programmers would design solution patterns of their own in pairs and then use these patterns to build sub-modules in solos. We conclude that SPF can be a more effective approach to increase productivity of less experienced programmers.     

膜技术处理褐藻酸钠废水

介绍了采用预处理-超滤-纳滤工艺处理褐藻酸钠生产过程中排放的含钙废水的试验研究结果．结果表明，该废水经处理后，产水可作为生产工艺用水回用，回用率≥75％，浓缩液和废渣可制取海藻生物肥，实现清洁生产，环境效益和经济效益显著．     

Optimal preventive maintenance in a production inventory system

We consider a production inventory system that produces a single product type, and inventory is maintained according to an (S, s) policy. Exogenous demand for the product arrives according to a random process. Unsatisfied demands are not back ordered. Such a make-to-stock production inventory policy is found very commonly in discrete part manufacturing industry, e.g., automotive spare parts manufacturing. It is assumed that the demand arrival process is Poisson. Also, the unit production time, the time between failures, and the repair and maintenance times are assumed to have general probability distributions. We conjecture that, for any such system, the down time due to failures can be reduced through preventive maintenance resulting in possible increase in the system performance. We develop a mathematical model of the system, and derive expressions for several performance measures. One such measure (cost benefit) is used as the basis for optimal determination of the maintenance parameters. The model application is explained via detailed study of 21 variants of a numerical example problem. The optimal maintenance policies (obtained using a numerical search technique) vary widely depending on the problem parameters. Plots of the cost benefit versus the system characteristic parameters (such as, demand arrival rate, failure rate, production rate, etc.) reveal the parameter sensitivities. The results show that the actual values of the failure and maintenance costs, and their ratio are significant in determining the sensitivities of the system parameters.     

模具生产过程的控制与质量管理研究

针对某集团公司模具生产过程中存在的生产周期长、费用高、质量不稳定等弊端，将生产计划与控制、质量管理等理论与方法，应用于模具制造的管理过程，在保证质量的前提下，缩短模具制造周期、降低成本、提高集团公司模具制造整体水平，进一步提高公司的经济效益。     

St-MMA-AA三元无皂共聚胶乳性质的研究Ⅱ.胶乳中-COOH分布

以苯乙烯 (St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)为主单体 ,丙烯酸 (AA)为功能单体进行了无皂乳液批量共聚合。用电导滴定法测定了羧基在胶乳中的分布 ,讨论了功能单体 AA浓度、引发剂 APS含量、体系p H值、聚合温度及 St/ MMA比例对胶乳中 - COOH分布的影响。结果表明 ,随 AA浓度增大 ,表面羧基百分比减小、而包埋百分比增大、胶粒表面羧基密度增大。引发剂 APS浓度、MMA比例及聚合温度的提高 ,不利于羧基分布在乳胶粒表面 ,胶粒表面羧基密度减小。体系 p H值增大 ,有利于羧基位于胶粒表面 ,表面羧基密度有所增加