基于智能阵列天线的无人机测向与定位技术

随着科学技术发展,各种无人自主系统相继出现。在这其中,无人机作为无人系统的重要组成部分,与智能AI算法结合后在智能集群方面得到了快速发展。为进一步提升无人机集群数量、拓展使用方式,亟需解决集群节点的测向定位问题。本文通过智能阵列天线结合数传图传信号识别的方法对无人机进行高精度测向和定位。经过仿真,对无人机信号进行测向,其俯仰角和方位角的误差能小于1.5°,在此测向误差下,通过四站点对无人机进行定位,3km范围内定位误差小于30m的概率为95%。该方法可以为智能无人机群之间的高精度测向定位提供新的思路和解决方法。     

利用地面景象信息辅助的无人机自主定位技术

针对无人机自主定位过程中GPS定位系统失效的问题,提出了一种利用地面景象信息辅助的无人机自主定位技术,首先利用无人机所拍摄的实时航拍图像,与预先储存在无人机计算机中地面景象的数字化地形图进行匹配,从匹配结果中提取一个同名像点,结合地面景象数字化地形图所提供的数据信息获取此同名像点的地理位置坐标,根据同名像点位置与无人机位置间的几何关系,结合机载光电测量系统的坐标转换过程,实现无人机的自主定位过程。利用已知的地面同名像点的地理位置信息,反推出无人机的地理位置信息具有一定的创新性。由于整个定位过程存在实际误差,因此利用无人机飞行时记录的数据,采用蒙特卡罗法对定位误差进行仿真试验。试验结果表明该技术能够在误差允许范围内,在GPS定位系统失效的情况下完成无人机的自主定位     

基于定位精度的无人机侦察航路自主修正算法

根据电子对抗无人机侦察定位的特点,建立了无人机可侦察区域计算模型和定位误差计算模型,描述了定位精度与无人机飞行航向、目标雷达的距离以及定位时间的关系。在此基础上,从提高无人机定位精度,缩短定位时间的角度出发,提出无人机在侦察飞行过程中,依据侦察获得的目标雷达位置信息,结合无人机性能参数,适时自主修正飞行航路,从而在最短的时间内获得最精确的目标位置信息,并且可以避开飞行威胁区。仿真结果表明该修正算法能够有效地缩短定位时间,提高定位精度以及定位成功率。     

具有未知干扰的无人机鲁棒滑模飞行控制

研究无人机飞行稳定性控制问题,由于无人机飞行控制系统存在时变外部干扰,飞行过程中升阴比变化激烈,控制稳定性难度较大。利用滑模控制良好的鲁棒能力提出一种神经网络的鲁棒飞行控制方法。因神经网络有良好非线性逼近能力,可对无人机飞行系统中的不确定进行在线逼近,并将神经网络权值误差引入到权值的自适应律中用以改善系统的动态性能。利用神经网络的组合,设计无人机鲁棒滑模飞行控制器。控制器分为两部分,一部分是等效控制器,另一部分是滑模控制器,能有效减小系统的跟踪误差。最后将所设计的鲁棒滑模控制对无人机飞行姿态控制进行仿真。仿真结果表明,新方法能提高无人机的鲁棒飞行控制能力且能实现无人机姿态的精确跟踪和稳定性控制。     

基于RTK定位技术的输电线路无人机自主巡检方法

为了提高无人机在输电线路巡检作业中的定位精度,保障无人机按照预设巡检线路进行自主巡检,提出基于RTK定位技术的输电线路无人机自主巡检方法。采用基于RTK定位技术获取输电线路无人机的动态位置,基于无人机动力学模型识别无人机姿态信息,结合串级模糊PID控制器控制无人机的作业姿态按照巡检路线巡检,实现输电线路无人机自主巡检。实验结果表明,所提方法能高精度定位无人机位置,定位误差控制在1 cm之内,并且俯仰角都可在1 s内抵达理想值,可有效控制无人机准确按照预设巡检线路完成自主巡检,避障效果较好。     

基于PID算法的输电线路无人机巡检路径智能自动规划技术

为降低定位误差，规避复杂环境造成的巡检风险，研究基于PID算法的输电线路无人机巡检路径智能自动规划技术。采用RTK定位技术，采集了输电线路无人机巡检标志点位置信息，利用路径生成方法，模拟无人机从起始点到目标点的最优几何路径，创建无人机高度和姿态直接受PID参数控制的动力学模型，运用基于PID算法的路径规划跟踪控制器，控制无人机按照最优路径飞行到目标点，实现了输电线路无人机巡检路径智能自动规划。实验结果表明：待巡检标志点定位误差始终低于0.25×10^-4;该技术规划的输电线路无人机巡检路径较短，能有效规避复杂环境造成的巡检风险。     

智能型四旋翼无人机飞控系统的设计与实现

通过数学建模进行动力学系统分析,设计实现智能型四旋翼无人机飞控系统。构建四旋翼无人机动力学模型并进行理论分析;设计无人机机架,对各组成模块进行测试、分析和实验;实现无人机飞控系统的自主避障和智能飞行;实现旋转机臂,使无人机具有新型的加速机制和变向模式。飞行实验结果表明,该无人机飞控系统取得较好的效果,灵敏性强、稳定性高,总体性能良好。     

某无人机的纵向控制律设计仿真分析

介绍无人机飞行控制设计结构和仿真方法,通过对飞机本体建模和控制律建模,分析了无人机自主飞行时纵向的控制方法,同时给出建模依据和关键点.以matlab为仿真平台进行本体建模和线性化分析,再把俯仰角和高度保持作为纵向控制律设计需求,并通过对增益的调节得到一个无人机自主飞行时稳定可控的控制律,并且设计增加补偿器来减小稳态误差,通过仿真结果证明这种方法的合理性.     

小型无人机纵向姿态模糊自适应PID控制与仿真

针对某小型实验无人机智能自主飞行的要求,提出了一种无人机纵向姿态的模糊控制方法,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,可有效实现该无人机的纵向姿态控制和纵向航迹跟踪.仿真结果表明,所设计的模糊自适应PID控制器较传统的PID控制器具有更好的控制性能,其响应快、超调小、精度高,而且鲁棒性和自适应能力也较强,可满足自主飞行的要求.     

无人机自主巡检系统的关键技术研究

无人机（UAV）将成为未来电力巡检的主要工具,目前其飞行路径主要根据GPS进行设计。GPS定位精度低,部分区域GPS信号弱,是阻碍无人机电力巡检广泛应用的主要瓶颈。针对复杂环境下的输电线路态势感知,提出一种基于单目视觉的无人机自主巡检系统,实现脱离GPS的自主导航。该系统采用基于深度学习的目标识别检测算法,利用单目视觉的投影变换对尺度已知的待检测目标进行三维定位,然后通过基于大疆SDK开发的飞控程序调整无人机的飞行姿态并自主导航,实现无人机实时巡检。实验结果表明,距离目标物10?m时,该系统在世界坐标系[X、][Y、][Z]三个方向的定位误差分别为0.31 m、0.06 m、0.24 m,处理速度0.76 frame/s,准确性和可行性得到了验证。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。