基于肤色分割和改进AdaBoost算法的人脸检测

为解决当被检测图像中具有复杂背景或者含有多人脸时,不能够快速准确的进行人脸检测的问题,本文提出一种基于肤色分割和改进AdaBoost算法的人脸检测方法。首先利用肤色分割方法对样本图像实现图像的预处理,排除样本图像的复杂背景和人体非肤色区域,简化后续的人脸检测工作。然后对AdaBoost算法的弱分类器使用双阈值判决方法,以减少弱分类器个数,提升训练速度;改进权值更新规则,防止训练过程中出现过分配现象。最后对基于肤色分割得到的区域图像利用改进后的Adaboost算法进行最后的精确人脸检测。仿真试验表明,两种算法结合后在训练速度上提升,在检测速度和检测率上有明显提高。     

一种基于AdaBoost人脸检测算法在Android平台的实现

针对Android系统自带的人脸检测算法不能精确地检测人脸,尤其是带眼镜后,根本无法检测到人脸.本文研究了一种基于Android系统下的AdaBoost人脸检测算法.首先介绍了Android平台下的人脸检测体系结构,然后对AdaBoost人脸检测模块,包括特征值与特征值的计算、AdaBoost分类器、开发环境搭建分别进行了说明.最后通过样本创建,以及训练好的分类器进行人脸检测.实验结果表明：由于充分利用AdaBoost人脸检测方法实时性比较强、检测率高,该方法完全满足Android平台下人脸检测的需要.     

视频图像中人脸自动检测与统计算法

针对视频中人脸检测由于成像角度、天气状况、遮挡等因素造成检测准确率偏低以及深度学习模型计算复杂度高的问题,文中提出了一种基于椭圆肤色模型与AdaBoost的人脸检测算法。算法通过选取Haar-like特征作为弱分类器,以裁剪过的CAS_PEAL数据集中的人脸图像作为训练集,利用AdaBoost算法将多个弱分类器组合成一个强分类器,最后将若干强分类器以级联的结构组成最终的分类器模型。为解决将非人脸区域检测为人脸的问题,引入椭圆肤色模型,利用椭圆肤色模型对视频帧进行处理使得图像中与肤色相似的区域进入后续的人脸检测过程以降低误检率。实验结果表明,算法能以平均26 ms(单人脸视频)和平均34 ms(多人脸视频)的检测速度进行实时的人脸检测,且达到了87.2%的检测准确率,具有较大的应用推广价值。     

一种改进的AdaBoost人脸检测算法

为了进一步提高AdaBoost算法的检测准确率和解决AdaBoost算法的退化问题,提出了一种基于线性不对称分类器(LAC)的改进AdaBoost人脸检测算法。该算法对样本权重的更新规则进行了调整,当训练节点分类器的前m个弱分类器时,由于样本权重更新合理,采用原始权重更新方法;当已训练产生一定数量的弱分类器序列后,退化问题严重,由LAC算法对前期训练获得的弱分类器序列进行学习形成最优强分类器,计算该强分类器对负样本集的错分率FPR,更新样本权重,依次循环直到完成该节点所有弱分类器的训练并得到最佳节点分类器,最后通过级联各个节点分类器,构成人脸检测分类器。同时,对已有的Haar特征进行了改进和完善。实验结果表明,该方法不仅提高了检测精度,而且抑制了退化现象,使人脸检测分类器的性能得到进一步的提高,具有较大的实用价值。     

基于肤色及AdaBoost算法的自动调焦人脸检测

提出一种结合肤色检测和AdaBoost算法的自动调焦实时人脸检测方法。采用肤色信息定位皮肤区域,针对AdaBoost算法对待检人脸尺寸小于训练样本人脸尺寸时检测率低的缺陷,并采用自动调焦算法调整图像大小后再利用AdaBoost算法进行人脸检测。实验结果表明,结合肤色信息和自动调焦后的AdaBoost算法性能较传统AdaBoost算法有明显提高,同时对小人脸图像也有更好的检测效果。     

智能视频监控中基于肤色信息的人脸检测算法研究

针对智能视频监控中人脸检测受复杂环境以及多姿态人脸的影响,采用一种基于肤色特征与Ada Boost算法相结合的方法,提取两种算法各自优点并加以优化,其主要思想是利用肤色特征建立肤色模型,选出含有人脸预检测肤色区域,进行人脸样本训练,提取人脸样本Haar特征,进行弱分类器训练,利用迭代的方法,再将不同的弱分类器组合成强分类器,最后形成级联分类器,运用级联分类器检测含有人脸的肤色区域。实验结果表明,该方法不仅提高了智能视频监控中人脸检测的效率和准确性,而且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于AdaBoost算法和人眼定位的动态人脸检测

在快速人脸检测算法中,基于AdaBoost算法的人脸检测算法得到越来越多的认可。然而,该算法在复杂环境下常有误检的情况。为了既快速又能提高检测的准确率,提出了以人眼定位的算法作为辅助的人脸检测算法。首先应用AdaBoost算法检测人脸的位置,然后再利用改进的模板匹配算法对人眼进行快速识别与定位。在人眼检测方面,利用金字塔算法加快了检测速度。实验表明,该方法可减少AdaBoost算法的误检率。     

基于改进的Adaboost_SVM的人脸表情识别

针对AdaBoost算法随着学习难度的增加导致分类器的分类效率下降、稳定性变差等问题,支持向量机在小样本中有特有优势;本文结合两种算法优势,基于蚁群算法对SVM的参数进行优化,改进了Adaboost_SVM级联分类算法,首先提取haar-like矩形特征通过Adaboost分类器快速排出非人脸区域;用Gabor小波变换提取人脸表情特征,再结合Adaboost_SVM级联分类器进行人脸表情识别。通过对JAFFE表情库进行试验,表情平均识别率达到94.2%,检测速度有了很大提高。     

基于视频的人脸检测算法研究

针对传统AdaBoost算法在视频中检测人脸误检率较高的问题,文中提出了一种结合运动分析和肤色检验的改进型人脸检测算法。该方法通过运动检测来提取运动前景,并选择肤色模型对人脸肤色进行相似度求取,利用几何特征进一步缩小检测范围;采用增加新Haar特征和改进权重更新方式的改进型AdaBoost算法对人脸候选区域进行实时检测。实验结果表明,与传统AdaBoost方法和增加肤色检验的AdaBoost方法相比,该方法的误检率分别降低了18.68%和8.79%,检测时间则分别缩短约800 ms和250 ms。     

一种基于改进的AdaBoost、肤色和2DPCA的人脸检测方法

为了提高复杂背景下多人脸检测率以及人脸检测速度,提出了一种基于改进AdaBoost、肤色检测和二维主成分分析法（Two-dimensional Principal Component Analysis,2DPCA）的人脸检测方法.该方法首先利用金字塔结构快速检测人脸,得到人脸检测区域,然后利用肤色检测对待判人脸区域进行过滤,过滤误检的非人脸区域,最后根据人脸的几何位置进行人脸关键部位的2DPCA检测.仿真结果表明,该方法实现了复杂背景下多人脸图像快速检测和精确定位,有效降低了误检率,使检测结果更加精确.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.